✅ BI Tools Part-1: Introduction to Power BI  Tableau 📊🖥️ 

If you want to turn raw data into powerful stories and dashboards, Business Intelligence (BI) tools are a must. Power BI and Tableau are two of the most in-demand tools in analytics today.

1️⃣ What is Power BI? 
Power BI is a business analytics tool by Microsoft that helps visualize data and share insights across your organization. 
• Drag-and-drop interface 
• Seamless with Excel  Azure 
• Used widely in enterprises 

2️⃣ What is Tableau? 
Tableau is a powerful visualization platform known for interactive dashboards and beautiful charts. 
• User-friendly 
• Real-time analytics 
• Great for storytelling with data 

3️⃣ Why learn Power BI or Tableau? 
• Demand in job market is very high 
• Helps you convert raw data → meaningful insights 
• Often used by data analysts, business analysts, decision-makers 

4️⃣ Basic Features You'll Learn: 
• Connecting data sources (Excel, SQL, CSV, etc.) 
• Creating bar, line, pie, map visuals 
• Using filters, slicers, and drill-through 
• Building dashboards  reports 
• Publishing and sharing with teams 

5️⃣ Real-World Use Cases: 
• Sales dashboard tracking targets 
• HR dashboard showing attrition and hiring trends 
• Marketing funnel analysis 
• Financial KPI tracking 

🔧 Tools to Install: 
• Power BI Desktop (Free for Windows) 
• Tableau Public (Free version for practice)

🧠 Practice Task: 
• Download a sample Excel dataset (e.g. sales data) 
• Load it into Power BI or Tableau 
• Try building 3 simple visuals: bar chart, pie chart, and table 

Power BI: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vai1xKf1dAvuk6s1v22c

Tableau: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VasYW1V5kg6z4EHOHG1t

💬 Tap ❤️ for more!

✅ BI Tools Part-2: Power BI Hands-On Tutorial 🛠️📈

Let’s walk through the basic workflow of creating a dashboard in Power BI using a sample Excel dataset (e.g. sales, HR, or marketing data).

1️⃣ Open Power BI Desktop
Launch the tool and start a Blank Report.

2️⃣ Load Your Data
• Click Home > Get Data > Excel
• Select your Excel file and choose the sheet
• Click Load

Now your data appears in the Fields pane.

3️⃣ Explore the Data
• Click Data View to inspect rows and columns
• Check for missing values, types (text, number, date)

4️⃣ Create Visuals (Report View)
Try adding these:

• Bar Chart:
Drag Region to Axis, Sales to Values
→ Shows sales by region

• Pie Chart:
Drag Category to Legend, Revenue to Values
→ Shows revenue share by category

• Card:
Drag Profit to a card visual
→ Displays total profit

• Table:
Drag multiple fields to see raw data in a table

5️⃣ Add Filters and Slicers
• Insert a Slicer → Drag Month
• Now you can filter data month-wise with a click

6️⃣ Format the Dashboard
• Rename visuals
• Adjust colors and fonts
• Use Gridlines to align elements

7️⃣ Save Share
• Save as .pbix file
• Publish to Power BI service (requires Microsoft account)
→ Share via link or embed in website

🧠 Practice Task:
Build a basic Sales Dashboard showing:
• Total Sales
• Sales by Region
• Revenue by Product
• Monthly Trend (line chart)

💬 Tap ❤️ for more

✅ Data Analytics Real-World Use Cases 🌍📊

Data analytics turns raw data into actionable insights. Here's how it creates value across industries:

1️⃣ Sales Marketing
Use Case: Customer Segmentation
• Analyze purchase history, demographics, and behavior
• Identify high-value vs low-value customers
• Personalize marketing campaigns
Tools: SQL, Excel, Python, Tableau

2️⃣ Human Resources (HR Analytics)
Use Case: Employee Retention
• Track employee satisfaction, performance, exit trends
• Predict attrition risk
• Optimize hiring decisions
Tools: Excel, Power BI, Python (Pandas)

3️⃣ E-commerce
Use Case: Product Recommendation Engine
• Use clickstream and purchase data
• Analyze buying patterns
• Improve cross-selling and upselling
Tools: Python (NumPy, Pandas), Machine Learning

4️⃣ Finance Banking
Use Case: Fraud Detection
• Analyze unusual patterns in transactions
• Flag high-risk activity in real-time
• Reduce financial losses
Tools: SQL, Python, ML models

5️⃣ Healthcare
Use Case: Predictive Patient Care
• Analyze patient history and lab results
• Identify early signs of disease
• Recommend preventive measures
Tools: Python, Jupyter, visualization libraries

6️⃣ Supply Chain
Use Case: Inventory Optimization
• Forecast product demand
• Reduce overstock/stockouts
• Improve delivery times
Tools: Excel, Python, Power BI

7️⃣ Education
Use Case: Student Performance Analysis
• Identify struggling students
• Evaluate teaching effectiveness
• Plan interventions
Tools: Google Sheets, Tableau, SQL

🧠 Practice Idea:
Choose one domain → Find a dataset → Ask a real question → Clean → Analyze → Visualize → Present

💬 Tap ❤️ for more

✅ Python Control Flow Part 1: if, elif, else 🧠💻

What is Control Flow?
👉 Your code makes decisions
👉 Runs only when conditions are met

• Each condition is True or False
• Python checks from top to bottom

🔹 Basic if statement

age = 20  
if age >= 18:  
    print("You are eligible to vote")

▶️ Checks if age is 18 or more. Prints "You are eligible to vote"

🔹 if-else example

age = 16  
if age >= 18:  
    print("Eligible to vote")  
else:  
    print("Not eligible")

▶️ Age is 16, so it prints "Not eligible"

🔹 elif for multiple conditions

marks = 72  
if marks >= 90:  
    print("Grade A")  
elif marks >= 75:  
    print("Grade B")  
elif marks >= 60:  
    print("Grade C")  
else:  
    print("Fail")

▶️ Marks = 72, so it matches >= 60 and prints "Grade C"

🔹 Comparison Operators

a = 10  
b = 20  
if a != b:  
    print("Values are different")

▶️ Since 10 ≠ 20, it prints "Values are different"

🔹 Logical Operators

age = 25  
has_id = True  
if age >= 18 and has_id:  
    print("Entry allowed")

▶️ Both conditions are True → prints "Entry allowed"

⚠️ Common Mistakes:
• Using = instead of ==
• Bad indentation
• Comparing incompatible data types

📌 Mini Project – Age Category Checker

age = int(input("Enter age: "))  

if age < 13:  
    print("Child")  
elif age <= 19:  
    print("Teen")  
else:  
    print("Adult")

▶️ Takes age as input and prints the category


📝 Practice Tasks:
1. Check if a number is even or odd
2. Check if number is +ve, -ve, or 0
3. Print the larger of two numbers
4. Check if a year is leap year

✅ Practice Task Solutions – Try it yourself first 👇

1️⃣ Check if a number is even or odd

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num % 2 == 0:
    print("Even number")
else:
    print("Odd number")

▶️ % gives remainder. If remainder is 0, it's even.


2️⃣ Check if number is positive, negative, or zero

num = float(input("Enter a number: "))
if num > 0:
    print("Positive number")
elif num < 0:
    print("Negative number")
else:
    print("Zero")

▶️ Uses > and < to check sign of number.


3️⃣ Print the larger of two numbers

a = int(input("Enter first number: "))
b = int(input("Enter second number: "))

if a > b:
    print("Larger number is:", a)
elif b > a:
    print("Larger number is:", b)
else:
    print("Both are equal")

▶️ Compares a and b and prints the larger one.


4️⃣ Check if a year is leap year

year = int(input("Enter a year: "))
if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):
    print("Leap year")
else:
    print("Not a leap year")

▶️ Follows leap year rules:
- Divisible by 4 ✅
- But not divisible by 100 ❌
- Unless also divisible by 400 ✅


📅 Daily Rule:
✅ Code 60 mins
✅ Run every example
✅ Change inputs and observe output

💬 Tap ❤️ if this helped you!

Python Programming Roadmap: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiM08SDuMRaGKd9Wv0L/2312

✅ SQL for Data Analytics 📊🧠

Mastering SQL is essential for analyzing, filtering, and summarizing large datasets. Here's a quick guide with real-world use cases:

1️⃣ SELECT, WHERE, AND, OR
Filter specific rows from your data.

SELECT name, age  
FROM employees  
WHERE department = 'Sales' AND age > 30;

2️⃣ ORDER BY & LIMIT
Sort and limit your results.

SELECT name, salary  
FROM employees  
ORDER BY salary DESC  
LIMIT 5;

▶️ Top 5 highest salaries

3️⃣ GROUP BY + Aggregates (SUM, AVG, COUNT)
Summarize data by groups.

SELECT department, AVG(salary) AS avg_salary  
FROM employees  
GROUP BY department;

4️⃣ HAVING
Filter grouped data (use after GROUP BY).

SELECT department, COUNT(*) AS emp_count  
FROM employees  
GROUP BY department  
HAVING emp_count > 10;

5️⃣ JOINs
Combine data from multiple tables.

SELECT e.name, d.name AS dept_name  
FROM employees e  
JOIN departments d ON e.dept_id = d.id;

6️⃣ CASE Statements
Create conditional logic inside queries.

SELECT name,  
  CASE  
    WHEN salary > 70000 THEN 'High'  
    WHEN salary > 40000 THEN 'Medium'  
    ELSE 'Low'  
  END AS salary_band  
FROM employees;

7️⃣ DATE Functions
Analyze trends over time.

SELECT MONTH(join_date) AS join_month, COUNT(*)  
FROM employees  
GROUP BY join_month;

8️⃣ Subqueries
Nested queries for advanced filters.

SELECT name, salary  
FROM employees  
WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);

9️⃣ Window Functions (Advanced)

SELECT name, department, salary,  
       RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY department ORDER BY salary DESC) AS dept_rank  
FROM employees;

▶️ Rank employees within each department

💡 Used In:
• Marketing: campaign ROI, customer segments
• Sales: top performers, revenue by region
• HR: attrition trends, headcount by dept
• Finance: profit margins, cost control

SQL For Data Analytics: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vb6hJmM9hXFCWNtQX944

💬 Tap ❤️ for more

✅ Data Analyst Resume Tips 🧾📊

Your resume should showcase skills + results + tools. Here’s what to focus on:

1️⃣ Clear Career Summary 
• 2–3 lines about who you are 
• Mention tools (Excel, SQL, Power BI, Python) 
• Example: “Data analyst with 2 years’ experience in Excel, SQL, and Power BI. Specializes in sales insights and automation.”

2️⃣ Skills Section 
• Technical: SQL, Excel, Power BI, Python, Tableau 
• Data: Cleaning, visualization, dashboards, insights 
• Soft: Problem-solving, communication, attention to detail

3️⃣ Projects or Experience 
• Real or personal projects 
• Use the STAR format: Situation → Task → Action → Result 
• Show impact: “Created dashboard that reduced reporting time by 40%.”

4️⃣ Tools and Certifications 
• Mention Udemy/Google/Coursera certificates  (optional)
• Highlight tools used in each project

5️⃣ Education 
• Degree (if relevant) 
• Online courses with completion date

🧠 Tips: 
• Keep it 1 page if you’re a fresher 
• Use action verbs: Analyzed, Automated, Built, Designed 
• Use numbers to show results: +%, time saved, etc.

📌 Practice Task: 
Write one resume bullet like: 
“Analyzed customer data using SQL and Power BI to find trends that increased sales by 12%.”

Double Tap ♥️ For More

✅ GitHub Profile Tips for Data Analysts 🌐💼

Your GitHub is more than code — it’s your digital resume. Here's how to make it stand out:

1️⃣ Clean README (Profile)
• Add your name, noscript & tools
• Short about section
• Include: skills, top projects, certificates, contact
✅ Example:
“Hi, I’m Rahul – a Data Analyst skilled in SQL, Python & Power BI.”

2️⃣ Pin Your Best Projects
• Show 3–6 strong repos
• Add clear README for each project:
- What it does
- Tools used
- Screenshots or demo links
✅ Bonus: Include real data or visuals

3️⃣ Use Commits & Contributions
• Contribute regularly
• Avoid empty profiles
✅ Daily commits > 1 big push once a month

4️⃣ Upload Resume Projects
• Excel dashboards
• SQL queries
• Python notebooks (Jupyter)
• BI project links (Power BI/Tableau public)

5️⃣ Add Denoscriptions & Tags
• Use repo tags: sql, python, EDA, dashboard
• Write short project summary in repo denoscription

🧠 Tips:
• Push only clean, working code
• Use folders, not messy files
• Update your profile bio with your LinkedIn

📌 Practice Task:
Upload your latest project → Write a README → Pin it to your profile

💬 Tap ❤️ for more!

✅ Data Analyst Mistakes Beginners Should Avoid ⚠️📊

1️⃣ Ignoring Data Cleaning
• Jumping to charts too soon
• Overlooking missing or incorrect data
✅ Clean before you analyze — always

2️⃣ Not Practicing SQL Enough
• Stuck on simple joins or filters
• Can’t handle large datasets
✅ Practice SQL daily — it's your #1 tool

3️⃣ Overusing Excel Only
• Limited automation
• Hard to scale with large data
✅ Learn Python or SQL for bigger tasks

4️⃣ No Real-World Projects
• Watching tutorials only
• Resume has no proof of skills
✅ Analyze real datasets and publish your work

5️⃣ Ignoring Business Context
• Insights without meaning
• Metrics without impact
✅ Understand the why behind the data

6️⃣ Weak Data Visualization Skills
• Crowded charts
• Wrong chart types
✅ Use clean, simple, and clear visuals (Power BI, Tableau, etc.)

7️⃣ Not Tracking Metrics Over Time
• Only point-in-time analysis
• No trends or comparisons
✅ Use time-based metrics for better insight

8️⃣ Avoiding Git & Version Control
• No backup
• Difficult collaboration
✅ Learn Git to track and share your work

9️⃣ No Communication Focus
• Great analysis, poorly explained
✅ Practice writing insights clearly & presenting dashboards

🔟 Ignoring Data Privacy
• Sharing raw data carelessly
✅ Always anonymize and protect sensitive info

💡 Master tools + think like a problem solver — that's how analysts grow fast.

💬 Tap ❤️ for more!

✅ Power BI Project Ideas for Data Analysts 📊💡

Real-world projects help you stand out in job applications and interviews.

1️⃣ Sales Dashboard
• Track revenue, profit, and sales by region/product
• Add slicers for year, month, category
• Source: Sample Superstore dataset

2️⃣ HR Analytics Dashboard
• Analyze employee attrition, performance, and satisfaction
• KPIs: attrition rate, avg tenure, engagement score
• Use Excel or mock HR dataset

3️⃣ E-commerce Analysis
• Show total orders, AOV (average order value), top-selling items
• Use date filters, category breakdowns
• Optional: add customer segmentation

4️⃣ Financial Report
• Monthly expenses vs income
• Budget variance tracking
• Charts for category-wise breakdown

5️⃣ Healthcare Analytics
• Hospital admissions, treatment outcomes, patient demographics
• Drill-through: see patient-level detail by department
• Public health datasets available online

6️⃣ Marketing Campaign Tracker
• Click-through rates, conversion rates, campaign ROI
• Compare across channels (email, social, paid ads)

🧠 Bonus Tips:
• Use DAX to create measures
• Add tooltips and slicers
• Make the design clean and professional

📌 Practice Task:
Choose one topic → Get a dataset → Build a dashboard → Upload screenshots to GitHub

Power BI Resources: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vai1xKf1dAvuk6s1v22c

💬 Tap ❤️ for more!

✅ Essential Tools for Data Analytics 📊🛠️

🔣 1️⃣ Excel / Google Sheets
• Quick data entry & analysis
• Pivot tables, charts, functions
• Good for early-stage exploration

💻 2️⃣ SQL (Structured Query Language)
• Work with databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.)
• Query, filter, join, and aggregate data
• Must-know for data from large systems

🐍 3️⃣ Python (with Libraries)
• Pandas – Data manipulation
• NumPy – Numerical analysis
• Matplotlib / Seaborn – Data visualization
• OpenPyXL / xlrd – Work with Excel files

📊 4️⃣ Power BI / Tableau
• Create dashboards and visual reports
• Drag-and-drop interface for non-coders
• Ideal for business insights & presentations

📁 5️⃣ Google Data Studio
• Free dashboard tool
• Connects easily to Google Sheets, BigQuery
• Great for real-time reporting

🧪 6️⃣ Jupyter Notebook
• Interactive Python coding
• Combine code, text, and visuals in one place
• Perfect for storytelling with data

🛠️ 7️⃣ R Programming (Optional)
• Popular in statistical analysis
• Strong in academic and research settings

☁️ 8️⃣ Cloud & Big Data Tools
• Google BigQuery, Snowflake – Large-scale analysis
• Excel + SQL + Python still work as a base

💡 Tip:
Start with Excel + SQL + Python (Pandas) → Add BI tools for reporting.

💬 Tap ❤️ for more!

✅ SQL Interview Roadmap – Step-by-Step Guide to Crack Any SQL Round 💼📊

Whether you're applying for Data Analyst, BI, or Data Engineer roles — SQL rounds are must-clear. Here's your focused roadmap:

1️⃣ Core SQL Concepts
🔹 Understand RDBMS, tables, keys, schemas
🔹 Data types, NULLs, constraints
🧠 Interview Tip: Be able to explain Primary vs Foreign Key.

2️⃣ Basic Queries
🔹 SELECT, FROM, WHERE, ORDER BY, LIMIT
🧠 Practice: Filter and sort data by multiple columns.

3️⃣ Joins – Very Frequently Asked!
🔹 INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL OUTER JOIN
🧠 Interview Tip: Explain the difference with examples.
🧪 Practice: Write queries using joins across 2–3 tables.

4️⃣ Aggregations & GROUP BY
🔹 COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, HAVING
🧠 Common Question: Total sales per category where total > X.

5️⃣ Window Functions
🔹 ROW_NUMBER(), RANK(), DENSE_RANK(), LAG(), LEAD()
🧠 Interview Favorite: Top N per group, previous row comparison.

6️⃣ Subqueries & CTEs
🔹 Write queries inside WHERE, FROM, and using WITH
🧠 Use Case: Filtering on aggregated data, simplifying logic.

7️⃣ CASE Statements
🔹 Add logic directly in SELECT
🧠 Example: Categorize users based on spend or activity.

8️⃣ Data Cleaning & Transformation
🔹 Handle NULLs, format dates, string manipulation (TRIM, SUBSTRING)
🧠 Real-world Task: Clean user input data.

9️⃣ Query Optimization Basics
🔹 Understand indexing, query plan, performance tips
🧠 Interview Tip: Difference between WHERE and HAVING.

🔟 Real-World Scenarios
🧠 Must Practice:
• Sales funnel
• Retention cohort
• Churn rate
• Revenue by channel
• Daily active users

🧪 Practice Platforms
• LeetCode (Easy–Hard SQL)
• StrataScratch (Real business cases)
• Mode Analytics (SQL + Visualization)
• HackerRank SQL (MCQs + Coding)

💼 Final Tip:
Explain why your query works, not just what it does. Speak your logic clearly.

💬 Tap ❤️ for more!

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How to Crack a Data Analyst Job Faster

1️⃣ Fix Your Resume
- One page, clean layout, show impact (not tools)
- Example: Improved sales reporting accuracy by 18% using SQL & Power BI
- Add links: GitHub, Portfolio, LinkedIn

2️⃣ Prepare Smart for Interviews
- SQL: joins, window functions, CTEs (daily practice)
- Excel: case questions (pivots, formulas)
- Power BI/Tableau: explain one dashboard end-to-end
- Python: pandas (groupby, merge, missing values)

3️⃣ Master Business Thinking
- Ask why the data exists
- Translate numbers into decisions
- Example: High month-2 churn → poor onboarding

4️⃣ Build a Strong Portfolio
- 3 solid projects > 10 weak ones
- Projects:
- Customer churn analysis
- Sales performance dashboard
- Marketing funnel analysis

5️⃣ Apply With Strategy
- Apply to 5-10 roles daily
- Customize resume keywords
- Reach out to hiring managers (referrals = 3x interviews)

6️⃣ Track Progress
- Maintain interview log
- Fix gaps weekly

🎯 Skills get you shortlisted. Thinking gets you hired.

✅ Data Analytics Roadmap for Freshers 🚀📊

1️⃣ Understand What a Data Analyst Does
🔍 Analyze data, find insights, create dashboards, support business decisions.

2️⃣ Start with Excel
📈 Learn:
– Basic formulas
– Charts & Pivot Tables
– Data cleaning
💡 Excel is still the #1 tool in many companies.

3️⃣ Learn SQL
🧩 SQL helps you pull and analyze data from databases.
Start with:
– SELECT, WHERE, JOIN, GROUP BY
🛠️ Practice on platforms like W3Schools or Mode Analytics.

4️⃣ Pick a Programming Language
🐍 Start with Python (easier) or R
– Learn pandas, matplotlib, numpy
– Do small projects (e.g. analyze sales data)

5️⃣ Data Visualization Tools
📊 Learn:
– Power BI or Tableau
– Build simple dashboards
💡 Start with free versions or YouTube tutorials.

6️⃣ Practice with Real Data
🔍 Use sites like Kaggle or Data.gov
– Clean, analyze, visualize
– Try small case studies (sales report, customer trends)

7️⃣ Create a Portfolio
💻 Share projects on:
– GitHub
– Notion or a simple website
📌 Add visuals + brief explanations of your insights.

8️⃣ Improve Soft Skills
🗣️ Focus on:
– Presenting data in simple words
– Asking good questions
– Thinking critically about patterns

9️⃣ Certifications to Stand Out
🎓 Try:
– Google Data Analytics (Coursera)
– IBM Data Analyst
– LinkedIn Learning basics

🔟 Apply for Internships & Entry Jobs
🎯 Titles to look for:
– Data Analyst (Intern)
– Junior Analyst
– Business Analyst

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Amazon Interview Process for Data Scientist position

📍Round 1- Phone Screen round
This was a preliminary round to check my capability, projects to coding, Stats, ML, etc.

After clearing this round the technical Interview rounds started. There were 5-6 rounds (Multiple rounds in one day).

📍 𝗥𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝟮- 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗱𝘁𝗵:
In this round the interviewer tested my knowledge on different kinds of topics.

📍𝗥𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝟯- 𝗗𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗵 𝗥𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱:
In this round the interviewers grilled deeper into 1-2 topics. I was asked questions around:
Standard ML tech, Linear Equation, Techniques, etc.

📍𝗥𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝟰- 𝗖𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗥𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱-
This was a Python coding round, which I cleared successfully.

📍𝗥𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝟱- This was 𝗛𝗶𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗿 where my fitment for the team got assessed.

📍𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗥𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱- 𝗕𝗮𝗿 𝗥𝗮𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗿- Very important round, I was asked heavily around Leadership principles & Employee dignity questions.

So, here are my Tips if you’re targeting any Data Science role:
-> Never make up stuff & don’t lie in your Resume.
-> Projects thoroughly study.
-> Practice SQL, DSA, Coding problem on Leetcode/Hackerank.
-> Download data from Kaggle & build EDA (Data manipulation questions are asked)

Best Data Science & Machine Learning Resources: https://topmate.io/coding/914624

ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝟯 𝗦𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗠𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂 𝗨𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲😍

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𝗖𝘆𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆:- https://pdlink.in/3N9VOyW

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✅ SQL Mistakes Beginners Should Avoid 🧠💻

1️⃣ Using SELECT *
• Pulls unused columns
• Slows queries
• Breaks when schema changes
• Use only required columns

2️⃣ Ignoring NULL Values
• NULL breaks calculations
• COUNT(column) skips NULL
• Use COALESCE or IS NULL checks

3️⃣ Wrong JOIN Type
• INNER instead of LEFT
• Data silently disappears
• Always ask: Do you need unmatched rows?

4️⃣ Missing JOIN Conditions
• Creates cartesian product
• Rows explode
• Always join on keys

5️⃣ Filtering After JOIN Instead of Before
• Processes more rows than needed
• Slower performance
• Filter early using WHERE or subqueries

6️⃣ Using WHERE Instead of HAVING
• WHERE filters rows
• HAVING filters groups
• Aggregates fail without HAVING

7️⃣ Not Using Indexes
• Full table scans
• Slow dashboards
• Index columns used in JOIN, WHERE, ORDER BY

8️⃣ Relying on ORDER BY in Subqueries
• Order not guaranteed
• Results change
• Use ORDER BY only in final query

9️⃣ Mixing Data Types
• Implicit conversions
• Index not used
• Match column data types

🔟 No Query Validation
• Results look right but are wrong
• Always cross-check counts and totals

🧠 Practice Task
• Rewrite one query
• Remove SELECT *
• Add proper JOIN
• Handle NULLs
• Compare result count

SQL Resources: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VanC5rODzgT6TiTGoa1v

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