#Ethiopia, World Bank sign a $730 million grant agreement
A $730 million grant agreement was signed today between the Ministry of Finance and the World Bank to support the Regional Economic Corridor Project in Ethiopia. The project aims to improve connectivity and logistics along the Addis-Djibouti road corridor, which handles the majority of Ethiopia's maritime trade.
The funding will be used to construct 142 kilometers of road from Miesso to Dire Dawa, enhancing its quality, safety, and efficiency. Additionally, the project will benefit local communities by improving access to education, health, and water and constructing secondary roads for better connectivity.
The agreement was signed virtually on 27 August, 2023, by the Minister of Finance and the Regional Integration Director of the World Bank.
Photo credit: FBC
https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=687364263432494&set=a.288721919963399
A $730 million grant agreement was signed today between the Ministry of Finance and the World Bank to support the Regional Economic Corridor Project in Ethiopia. The project aims to improve connectivity and logistics along the Addis-Djibouti road corridor, which handles the majority of Ethiopia's maritime trade.
The funding will be used to construct 142 kilometers of road from Miesso to Dire Dawa, enhancing its quality, safety, and efficiency. Additionally, the project will benefit local communities by improving access to education, health, and water and constructing secondary roads for better connectivity.
The agreement was signed virtually on 27 August, 2023, by the Minister of Finance and the Regional Integration Director of the World Bank.
Photo credit: FBC
https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=687364263432494&set=a.288721919963399
#Ethiopia: ‘God wants us away from our enemies’: bitter legacy of war splits Ethiopian church
“Monasteries and churches were hit by shelling, by drone strikes, by air strikes,” said Bishop Yohannes, who heads Saint Frumentius Theological College in #Tigray. “Our ancient heritage was destroyed and looted by soldiers, who then killed our priests.”
As well as the nine new bishops, four others who were part of the synod have joined the Tigrayan church. Tesfay estimated that most of Tigray’s population of about 6mn, as well tens of thousands in the Tigrayan diaspora in the US, Europe and Australia, would form its congregation.
The Ethiopian church’s synod responded this month by excommunicating several Tigrayan clergymen, including the 13 rebel bishops, accusing them of heresy and creating an illegal regional structure that contravened the “unity” of the church and country.
https://www.ft.com/content/e57c58c7-9ebb-4683-822b-4c35543ad11f
“Monasteries and churches were hit by shelling, by drone strikes, by air strikes,” said Bishop Yohannes, who heads Saint Frumentius Theological College in #Tigray. “Our ancient heritage was destroyed and looted by soldiers, who then killed our priests.”
As well as the nine new bishops, four others who were part of the synod have joined the Tigrayan church. Tesfay estimated that most of Tigray’s population of about 6mn, as well tens of thousands in the Tigrayan diaspora in the US, Europe and Australia, would form its congregation.
The Ethiopian church’s synod responded this month by excommunicating several Tigrayan clergymen, including the 13 rebel bishops, accusing them of heresy and creating an illegal regional structure that contravened the “unity” of the church and country.
https://www.ft.com/content/e57c58c7-9ebb-4683-822b-4c35543ad11f
#Ethiopia: Skyrocketing food prices plague low-income families, uncertain future creates a fret
In recent months, #inflation rates, particularly in food, have risen significantly, causing financial strain on low-income families. Price increases have affected items like onions, edible oil, meat, and teff, a staple grain in Ethiopian cuisine.
The impact of food inflation in war-torn #Tigray cannot be overstated, as families struggle to provide enough food for their children amidst skyrocketing prices. The recent conflict in the #Amhara region has further aggravated food prices, negatively impacting the population.
The government is implementing measures to tighten monetary policy and reduce inflation. However, doubts remain over its practical implementation.
https://addisstandard.com/in-depth-skyrocketing-food-prices-plague-low-income-families-uncertain-feature-creates-a-fret/
In recent months, #inflation rates, particularly in food, have risen significantly, causing financial strain on low-income families. Price increases have affected items like onions, edible oil, meat, and teff, a staple grain in Ethiopian cuisine.
The impact of food inflation in war-torn #Tigray cannot be overstated, as families struggle to provide enough food for their children amidst skyrocketing prices. The recent conflict in the #Amhara region has further aggravated food prices, negatively impacting the population.
The government is implementing measures to tighten monetary policy and reduce inflation. However, doubts remain over its practical implementation.
https://addisstandard.com/in-depth-skyrocketing-food-prices-plague-low-income-families-uncertain-feature-creates-a-fret/
Addis Standard
In-depth: Skyrocketing food prices plague low-income families, uncertain future creates a fret - Addis Standard
In-depth: Skyrocketing food prices plague low-income families, uncertain future creates a fret Addis Standard Business -
71 Ethiopians arrested over suspected human trafficking in #Machakos
Over 70 #Ethiopians were arrested in #Kenya for allegedly being involved in human trafficking.
Police responded to a tip-off from the public and found the suspects loitering in a residential area.
The arrested individuals are currently detained and will be brought to court for further investigation on Monday.
https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/eastern/2023-08-27-71-ethiopians-arrested-over-suspected-human-trafficking-in-machakos/
Over 70 #Ethiopians were arrested in #Kenya for allegedly being involved in human trafficking.
Police responded to a tip-off from the public and found the suspects loitering in a residential area.
The arrested individuals are currently detained and will be brought to court for further investigation on Monday.
https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/eastern/2023-08-27-71-ethiopians-arrested-over-suspected-human-trafficking-in-machakos/
The Star
71 Ethiopians arrested over suspected human trafficking in Machakos
They have been detained at Mavoko SNP police station.
#ASDailyScoop: Prominent politician Bekele Gerba resigns from Oromo Federalist Congress, seeks asylum in US
#BekeleGerba, a prominent figure in Ethiopian politics, has resigned from the Oromo Federalist Congress (OFC) and sought asylum in the United States.
Bekele's resignation from #OFC comes after being imprisoned following violence in 2020.
He initially intended to meet Ethiopian expatriates in the #US but now believes it unnecessary to return to #Ethiopia due to the changing political landscape.
https://addisstandard.com/asdailyscoop-prominent-politician-bekele-gerba-resigns-from-oromo-federalist-congress-seeks-asylum-in-us/
#BekeleGerba, a prominent figure in Ethiopian politics, has resigned from the Oromo Federalist Congress (OFC) and sought asylum in the United States.
Bekele's resignation from #OFC comes after being imprisoned following violence in 2020.
He initially intended to meet Ethiopian expatriates in the #US but now believes it unnecessary to return to #Ethiopia due to the changing political landscape.
https://addisstandard.com/asdailyscoop-prominent-politician-bekele-gerba-resigns-from-oromo-federalist-congress-seeks-asylum-in-us/
Addis Standard
#ASDailyScoop: Prominent politician Bekele Gerba resigns from Oromo Federalist Congress, seeks asylum in US - Addis Standard
#ASDailyScoop: Prominent politician Bekele Gerba resigns from Oromo Federalist Congress, seeks asylum in US Addis Standard Politics -
#Ethiopia's combined aircraft fleet is valued at $5.25 billion
*Ethiopia dominates the African aviation industry with the highest fleet market value, even though it doesn't have the most aircraft in Africa.
*The top five countries, including #Egypt, #Morocco, #South_Africa, #Kenya, and #Ethiopia, account for over 70% of the total African fleet by market value.
African airlines are expected to start taking delivery of newer and higher-value aircraft in the next five years, with #Ethiopian Airlines leading the way with the most firm orders.
https://simpleflying.com/ethiopia-aircraft-fleet-5-billion-usd-value/
*Ethiopia dominates the African aviation industry with the highest fleet market value, even though it doesn't have the most aircraft in Africa.
*The top five countries, including #Egypt, #Morocco, #South_Africa, #Kenya, and #Ethiopia, account for over 70% of the total African fleet by market value.
African airlines are expected to start taking delivery of newer and higher-value aircraft in the next five years, with #Ethiopian Airlines leading the way with the most firm orders.
https://simpleflying.com/ethiopia-aircraft-fleet-5-billion-usd-value/
Simple Flying
Ethiopia's Combined Aircraft Fleet Is Valued At $5.25 Billion
Ethiopia's air transport sector is driven by its well-performing national carrier.
#Ethiopia: Ethiopian athletes who placed country six in medals table arrive in Addis Abeba to a heroes’ welcome
The Ethiopian athletics family who took part at the World Athletics Championships 2023 competitions in #Hungary, #Budapest and placed the country at six place in the world and second in Africa medal table arrived at Bole International Airport early this morning.
The winning team was welcomed by Minister of Culture and Sports, Kejela Merdasa, the Minister of Women and Social Affairs, Dr. Ergoge Tesfaye and other senior government officials.
There will be a display of paraded welcoming ceremony through the city’s main street Bole road, which will be closed off for the event to allow the athletes to meet and greet their fans.
Ethiopia won a total of nine medals: Two Gold in Women’s 10000m and Women’s Marathon; four silver - two of which in Women’s 10000m, and in Women’s Marathon, as well as Women’s 1500m and Men’s 3000; and three bronze: Women’s 10000m, in Men’s 1000m and in Men’s Marathon. AS
The Ethiopian athletics family who took part at the World Athletics Championships 2023 competitions in #Hungary, #Budapest and placed the country at six place in the world and second in Africa medal table arrived at Bole International Airport early this morning.
The winning team was welcomed by Minister of Culture and Sports, Kejela Merdasa, the Minister of Women and Social Affairs, Dr. Ergoge Tesfaye and other senior government officials.
There will be a display of paraded welcoming ceremony through the city’s main street Bole road, which will be closed off for the event to allow the athletes to meet and greet their fans.
Ethiopia won a total of nine medals: Two Gold in Women’s 10000m and Women’s Marathon; four silver - two of which in Women’s 10000m, and in Women’s Marathon, as well as Women’s 1500m and Men’s 3000; and three bronze: Women’s 10000m, in Men’s 1000m and in Men’s Marathon. AS
#US knew of #Saudi forces killing #Ethiopian migrants, but kept quiet — report
The United States has been aware of Saudi security forces killing Ethiopian migrants since 2022, but kept quiet about it, according to The New York Times.
Human Rights Watch reported that Saudi border guards had fired machine guns and mortars at Ethiopians crossing from #Yemen into Saudi territory, potentially killing hundreds.
The US response may have been muted due to efforts to improve relations with Saudi Arabia and advance a potential normalization deal with #Israel.
https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-knew-of-saudi-forces-killing-migrants-but-kept-quiet-report/
The United States has been aware of Saudi security forces killing Ethiopian migrants since 2022, but kept quiet about it, according to The New York Times.
Human Rights Watch reported that Saudi border guards had fired machine guns and mortars at Ethiopians crossing from #Yemen into Saudi territory, potentially killing hundreds.
The US response may have been muted due to efforts to improve relations with Saudi Arabia and advance a potential normalization deal with #Israel.
https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-knew-of-saudi-forces-killing-migrants-but-kept-quiet-report/
The Times of Israel
US knew of Saudi forces killing Ethiopian migrants, but kept quiet — report
Washington was informed of killings on Saudi-Yemen border while trying to smooth ties with Riyadh and broker deal for Israel, New York Times reports
#Ethiopia: Fallout over administrative restructuring claims lives near Arba Minch, #Southern_Ethiopia region
At least 17 people were killed and many injured in clashes between government security forces and local residents in southern Ethiopia.
The violence erupted over opposition to a new administrative plan to incorporate the area into the limits of #Arba_Minch city.
A doctor in Arba Minch confirmed that at least 12 people have died and 15 others were injured.
https://addisstandard.com/news-fallout-over-administrative-restructuring-claims-lives-near-arba-minch-southern-ethiopia-region/
At least 17 people were killed and many injured in clashes between government security forces and local residents in southern Ethiopia.
The violence erupted over opposition to a new administrative plan to incorporate the area into the limits of #Arba_Minch city.
A doctor in Arba Minch confirmed that at least 12 people have died and 15 others were injured.
https://addisstandard.com/news-fallout-over-administrative-restructuring-claims-lives-near-arba-minch-southern-ethiopia-region/
Addis Standard
News: Fallout over administrative restructuring claims lives near Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia region - Addis Standard
News: Fallout over administrative restructuring claims lives near Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia region Addis Standard News -
#Ethiopia-#Somalia: Members of the Ethiopian National Defense Forces (#ENDF) serving under the African Union Mission in Somalia (#AMISOM) have on Saturday provided drinking water to residents of #Lugulo area in #Kismayo town, #Jubbaland State.
The team from AMISOM ENDF supplied the precious commodity to 700 deserving households which have been severely affected by the ongoing drought.
ATMIS in a statement said that this is part of its Civil-Military engagement to support local communities living in Kismayo.
AMISOM troops have been involved in donation of food supplies and medicine to needy populations living in close proximity to their camps for years.
Somalia is facing a humanitarian crisis due to a prolonged dry spell that has also affected decimated crops and livestock and even caused huge displacement of people.
Source: frontieronline
The team from AMISOM ENDF supplied the precious commodity to 700 deserving households which have been severely affected by the ongoing drought.
ATMIS in a statement said that this is part of its Civil-Military engagement to support local communities living in Kismayo.
AMISOM troops have been involved in donation of food supplies and medicine to needy populations living in close proximity to their camps for years.
Somalia is facing a humanitarian crisis due to a prolonged dry spell that has also affected decimated crops and livestock and even caused huge displacement of people.
Source: frontieronline
#Ethiopia: Women’s Association of #Tigray demands thorough investigation into recent brutal killing in #Mekelle
The Women’s Association of Tigray is demanding a thorough investigation into a recent atrocity in Mekelle. 32-year-old Zewdu Haftu was killed on 20 August, 2023.
The Tigray Disaster Relief Fund has also called for an investigation and accountability for the crime.
https://addisstandard.com/news-womens-association-of-tigray-demands-thorough-investigation-into-recent-atrocity-in-mekelle/
The Women’s Association of Tigray is demanding a thorough investigation into a recent atrocity in Mekelle. 32-year-old Zewdu Haftu was killed on 20 August, 2023.
The Tigray Disaster Relief Fund has also called for an investigation and accountability for the crime.
https://addisstandard.com/news-womens-association-of-tigray-demands-thorough-investigation-into-recent-atrocity-in-mekelle/
Addis Standard
News: Women's Association of Tigray demands thorough investigation into recent brutal killing in Mekelle - Addis Standard
News: Women's Association of Tigray demands thorough investigation into recent brutal killing in Mekelle Addis Standard News -
#US rejects report it failed to publicly raise issue of #Saudi border killings
The US denies accusations of failing to publicly condemn Saudi Arabia over the killing of #Ethiopian migrants at the #Saudi_Yemen border.
Human Rights Watch released a report documenting the attacks, while The New York Times claimed American diplomats were aware of the incidents but did not criticize Saudi Arabia.
The State Department responded, stating it has engaged Saudi officials to express concerns and urge transparency in investigations.
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/us-rejects-report-it-failed-publicly-raise-saudi-killing-migrants
The US denies accusations of failing to publicly condemn Saudi Arabia over the killing of #Ethiopian migrants at the #Saudi_Yemen border.
Human Rights Watch released a report documenting the attacks, while The New York Times claimed American diplomats were aware of the incidents but did not criticize Saudi Arabia.
The State Department responded, stating it has engaged Saudi officials to express concerns and urge transparency in investigations.
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/us-rejects-report-it-failed-publicly-raise-saudi-killing-migrants
Middle East Eye
US rejects report it failed to publicly raise issue of Saudi border killings
The State Department cited Middle East Eye's reporting on attacks, but the Biden administration is weighing new arms sales and security ties to Riyadh
News Alert: At least 183 killed in clashes in #Amhara since July; 250 #Tigrayans detained in new wave in Western #Tigray: #UN
In Amhara region, following clashes between the military & #Fano militia, and the 04 Aug. state of emergency, "the situation worsened considerably."
More than 1,000 have been arrested across Ethiopia under this law. Many of of whom young people of Amhara ethnic origin.
In Western #Tigray at least 250 ethnic Tigrayans were detained reportedly in joint operations by the Amhara police, local authorities and local militia
Victims were then reportedly taken by armed youth in Wolkait in Western Tigray, to an area under the Tigray Interim Regional Administration.
https://addisstandard.com/news-alert-at-least-183-killed-in-clashes-in-amhara-since-july-250-tigrayans-detained-in-new-wave-in-western-tigray-un/
In Amhara region, following clashes between the military & #Fano militia, and the 04 Aug. state of emergency, "the situation worsened considerably."
More than 1,000 have been arrested across Ethiopia under this law. Many of of whom young people of Amhara ethnic origin.
In Western #Tigray at least 250 ethnic Tigrayans were detained reportedly in joint operations by the Amhara police, local authorities and local militia
Victims were then reportedly taken by armed youth in Wolkait in Western Tigray, to an area under the Tigray Interim Regional Administration.
https://addisstandard.com/news-alert-at-least-183-killed-in-clashes-in-amhara-since-july-250-tigrayans-detained-in-new-wave-in-western-tigray-un/
Addis Standard
News Alert: At least 183 killed in clashes in Amhara since July; 250 Tigrayans detained in new wave in Western Tigray: UN - Addis…
Addis Abeba – UN Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner said “at least 183 people have been killed in clashes in Amhara region since July, and expressed its concerns at “the deteriorating human rights situation in some regions of Ethiopia.” “In Amhara…
#Ethiopia - Tigrayan ex-fighters stage another protest rally in Mekelle
Ex-combatants of the Tigray region who were delisted from the army due to personal cases, and injury during the two years have staged protest rally in the capital Mekelle earlier today.
Among the protesters are ex-fighters who were recently demobilized by the regional government but unable to return to their homes in Southern and Western Tigray due to persistent security concerns.
An ex-fighter who took part in today’s rally said the ex-fighters are enduring multifaceted challenges after they were sent home only with letters. He added some among the protesters weren’t given certificates that the regional administration issued to over 50,000 demobilized fighters in July.
The ex-fighters have previously staged similar protests demanding among other things food and medical care.
https://addisstandard.com/news-incoming-tigray-interim-leader-pledges-to-address-grievances-of-disabled-tigrayan-soldiers-following-protest-rally-in-mekelle/
Ex-combatants of the Tigray region who were delisted from the army due to personal cases, and injury during the two years have staged protest rally in the capital Mekelle earlier today.
Among the protesters are ex-fighters who were recently demobilized by the regional government but unable to return to their homes in Southern and Western Tigray due to persistent security concerns.
An ex-fighter who took part in today’s rally said the ex-fighters are enduring multifaceted challenges after they were sent home only with letters. He added some among the protesters weren’t given certificates that the regional administration issued to over 50,000 demobilized fighters in July.
The ex-fighters have previously staged similar protests demanding among other things food and medical care.
https://addisstandard.com/news-incoming-tigray-interim-leader-pledges-to-address-grievances-of-disabled-tigrayan-soldiers-following-protest-rally-in-mekelle/
#Ethiopia: The Ministry of Trade and Regional Cooperation has announced new increase in the retail prices of petroleum products effective today for the next one month.
The Ministry said relative stability in the world oil price has since April to the end June has allowed no change in retail prices for the past four months.
However, since the world oil price has shown a significant increase as of the month of July, it became necessary to revise the existing price for petroleum products in Ethiopia, the Ministry said.
Accordingly:
The retail price of Gasoline is up from Birr 69.43 to Birr 74.85 per liter;
White diesel is up from Birr 71.08 to Birr 76.34 per liter;
Kerosene is up from Birr 71.08 to Birr 76.34 per liter;
Jet fuel to is up from Birr 66.60 to Birr 68.58 per liter;
Light black diesel is up from Birr 57.84 to Birr 62.22 per liter; and
Heavy black diesel up from Birr 56.50 to Birr 61.07 per liter.
The Ministry said relative stability in the world oil price has since April to the end June has allowed no change in retail prices for the past four months.
However, since the world oil price has shown a significant increase as of the month of July, it became necessary to revise the existing price for petroleum products in Ethiopia, the Ministry said.
Accordingly:
The retail price of Gasoline is up from Birr 69.43 to Birr 74.85 per liter;
White diesel is up from Birr 71.08 to Birr 76.34 per liter;
Kerosene is up from Birr 71.08 to Birr 76.34 per liter;
Jet fuel to is up from Birr 66.60 to Birr 68.58 per liter;
Light black diesel is up from Birr 57.84 to Birr 62.22 per liter; and
Heavy black diesel up from Birr 56.50 to Birr 61.07 per liter.
#Breaking: Army officers say they are taking power in #Gabon
Army officers have appeared on national television in Gabon to say they have taken power.
They said they were annulling the results of Saturday's election, in which President Ali Bongo was declared the winner.
The electoral commission said Mr Bongo had won just under two-thirds of the votes in an election the opposition argued was fraudulent.
His overthrow would end his family's 53-year hold on power in Gabon.
Twelve soldiers appeared on television announcing they were cancelling the results of the election and dissolving "all the institutions of the republic".
One of the soldiers said on TV channel Gabon 24: "We have decided to defend peace by putting an end to the current regime."
This, he added, was down to "irresponsible, unpredictable governance resulting in a continuing deterioration in social cohesion that risks leading the country into chaos".
Mr Bongo came to power when his father Omar died in 2009.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66654965
Army officers have appeared on national television in Gabon to say they have taken power.
They said they were annulling the results of Saturday's election, in which President Ali Bongo was declared the winner.
The electoral commission said Mr Bongo had won just under two-thirds of the votes in an election the opposition argued was fraudulent.
His overthrow would end his family's 53-year hold on power in Gabon.
Twelve soldiers appeared on television announcing they were cancelling the results of the election and dissolving "all the institutions of the republic".
One of the soldiers said on TV channel Gabon 24: "We have decided to defend peace by putting an end to the current regime."
This, he added, was down to "irresponsible, unpredictable governance resulting in a continuing deterioration in social cohesion that risks leading the country into chaos".
Mr Bongo came to power when his father Omar died in 2009.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-66654965
BBC News
Gabon coup: Army seizes power from Ali Bongo and puts him in house arrest
President Bongo urges people to "raise your voice" in a video after the army said it had seized power.
Ten killed in renewed violence in #Ethiopia’s Amhara region
Fighting has flared up again in some areas in Ethiopia’s restive Amhara region after a week of relative calm, with at least 10 civilian deaths reported.
Residents in the Amhara city of #Debre_Tabor have told the BBC that fighting between local militias and government troops began over the weekend and continued until Monday morning.
According to witnesses, the city’s main hospital sustained damage after it was hit by heavy artillery. A doctor at the hospital said that at least five people who were visiting patients and more than 20 civilians, who were moving near the facility, were wounded.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-africa-66390790
Fighting has flared up again in some areas in Ethiopia’s restive Amhara region after a week of relative calm, with at least 10 civilian deaths reported.
Residents in the Amhara city of #Debre_Tabor have told the BBC that fighting between local militias and government troops began over the weekend and continued until Monday morning.
According to witnesses, the city’s main hospital sustained damage after it was hit by heavy artillery. A doctor at the hospital said that at least five people who were visiting patients and more than 20 civilians, who were moving near the facility, were wounded.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-africa-66390790
#BRICS expansion: The group is getting stronger
The 15th BRICS summit held in #South_Africa attracted great interest from the global community. During the summit, it was announced that #Argentina, #UAE, #Ethiopia, #Iran, #Egypt, and #Saudi_Arabia will join the group as full members from January 1, 2024, expanding the number of BRICS countries to 11.
Discussions on the creation of a new common currency and the reform of the international monetary system were also highlighted.
The summit showcased a clear divergence between the world represented by the West and the world represented by BRICS, with #China and #Russia as dominant poles.
https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2023/08/29/brics-expansion-the-group-is-getting-stronger/
The 15th BRICS summit held in #South_Africa attracted great interest from the global community. During the summit, it was announced that #Argentina, #UAE, #Ethiopia, #Iran, #Egypt, and #Saudi_Arabia will join the group as full members from January 1, 2024, expanding the number of BRICS countries to 11.
Discussions on the creation of a new common currency and the reform of the international monetary system were also highlighted.
The summit showcased a clear divergence between the world represented by the West and the world represented by BRICS, with #China and #Russia as dominant poles.
https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2023/08/29/brics-expansion-the-group-is-getting-stronger/
Modern Diplomacy
BRICS expansion: The group is getting stronger
The BRICS association, aimed at building an alternative mechanism for international cooperation to the current world order led by the United States, managed to attract attention with its decisions towards this goal at almost every summit. However, the 15th…