Continued……. Sources
https://modibo-keita.site/

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Modibo-Keita

https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/modibo-keita-1915-1977/

https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/political-reforms/modibo-ke%C3%AFta-and-the-vision-of-a-united-africa-2657028

https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/02/ex-malian-pm-modibo-keita-dies-at-78/

https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/african-history-biographies/modibo- keita

https://www.jstor.org/stable/159526

https://africasacountry.com/2021/06/the-nigerian-and-the-lenin-prize


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modibo_Ke%C3%AFta

Our African proverb this week speaks volumes about imperialism in today's Africa. Take the Democratic Republic of the Congo, rich in minerals powering the global tech economy, yet torn apart by endless resource wars. Meanwhile the world praises western-proxy Rwanda as a model of African success. But as Rwanda-backed M23 rebels loot Congolese resources, Kigali profits, seling those same minerals to the west. So when Congo's goat goes missing and Rwanda’s pot overflows, is it really paranoia to suspect neighbouring Kigali?

SOUTH AFRICA NO ‘RAINBOW NATION’

For decades, South Africa has been presented as the poster child of arch enemies burying the hatchet and reconciling in the interest of nation building. This narrative says that Black people must be grateful to white settlers for ending the apartheid system because they tapped into their ‘morality.’

Nothing could be further from the truth, as apartheid did not end in the early 1990s because of white settlers’ benevolence.

This is the argument that South African-Nigerian activist Lovelyn Nwadeyi (@nwadeyi_miss on Instagram) eloquently put across in this 10 November 2016 video. The social justice consultant highlighted how the main reason the system collapsed was due to economic and social factors.

According to Nwadeyi, the global Boycott Apartheid movement’s sustained campaign led to international economic sanctions on South Africa’s apartheid regime, forcing it to the negotiation table with the liberation movement.

Continued……. She also pointed out that the ban on South African sports teams participating in global competitions pushed settlers to break rank with the regime’s policies that they had loyally supported for decades.

Nwadeyi drove the point further by reminding white settlers that it was easy for them to remove themselves from the social struggle that continued after apartheid ended in the early 1990s. Meanwhile, Black people do not have the same luxury, as they still have to live in the peripheries of the economy due to the lingering effects of centuries of economic and social exclusion at the hands of the settlers.

Video credit: Big Debate South Africa/YouTube (aired on @Official_SABC1)

Sources

http://www.econ.yale.edu/growth_pdf/cdp796.pdf

Abolitionist and suffragist Harriet Tubman earned herself the nickname 'Moses' for leading enslaved people to freedom. On 2 June, 1863, Harriet carefully planned and guided an armed raid against Confederate forces, becoming the first woman to do so during the US Civil War. In a bold Union Army operation along the Combahee River in South Carolina, Tubman orchestrated the liberation of nearly 800 enslaved Africans. Working with Colonel James Montgomery and the 2nd South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, a regiment of formerly enslaved Black men, Tubman led Union gunboats deep into Confederate territory, guided by intelligence networks she had developed. Tubman gained vital information about the location of Confederate supplies planted along the river from people who traded information for freedom.

Continued….. The Union boats moved along the river, destroying stockpiles of weapons, food and cotton as Tubman steered the ships away from any danger. She led the vessel to specific spots along the shore where the runaway enslaved people were hiding and waiting to be rescued. Millions of dollars worth of Confederate supplies were destroyed, but the promise of immediate liberation was enough motivation. The Raid at Combahee Ferry freed close to 800 people from slavery and dismantled the myth of passive emancipation. It was a testament that loudly showed freedom had to be seized, not granted. Tubman's legacy remains unshakable- a woman who broke every chain they tried to put on her and forged a path for thousands more to do the same. 

Sources

https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/harriet-tubman-raid-at-combahee-ferry/

http://www.harriettubman.com/tubman2.html