Continued……Sources:
https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-833?p=emailAmfGGMAdVMRms&d=/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-833

https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/02/world/france-linked-to-defense-of-mobutu.html

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/05/07/frances-clout-in-africa-ebbs-as-mobutu-fades/31646d3a-1172-4a84-99f7-c585b9e88d77/

https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/france-laments-mobutus-fall-blames-us-lost-clout-africa

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07075332.2020.1739113

https://www.jstor.org/stable/723950

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumumba_Government

https://www.jstor.org/stable/161468

https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/combat-studies-institute/csi-books/ShabaII_FrenchBelgianIntervention_Odom.pdf

https://theconversation.com/the-flawed-logic-behind-french-military-interventions-in-africa-132528

https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/end-mobutus-dictatorship

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/19/france-enabled-1994-rwanda-genocide-report-says

https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20170701-france-lumumba-murder

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56536659

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_and_the_Rwandan_genocide

https://www.dw.com/fr/rwanda-france-habyarimana-operation-turquoise-genocide-rwanda/a-69442502

https://www.humanrightspulse.com/mastercontentblog/frances-role-in-the-1994-rwandan-genocide

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jan/11/rwanda.insideafrica

https://www.ofohr.com/en/frances-support-for-the-rwandan-genocide/

https://www.france24.com/en/20100225-sarkozy-admits-french-%E2%80%98mistakes%E2%80%99-1994-genocide

https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2017/07/12/the-cfa-franc-french-monetary-imperialism-in-africa/

REVOLUTIONARY AES PASSPORT: HAMMER BLOW TO
COLONIAL BORDERS!

The Alliance of Sahel Sates (AES) passport is here! It means citizens of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger can now travel freely to one another’s countries.

But the significance is more revolutionary than that. As pan-African activist Ibrahima Konaré (Anka Transition Dèmè Platform) - one of the first recipients - explains, the travel document is a step towards dismantling the colonial legacy of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, when European powers carved up our continent.

The new passport replaces ones endorsed by ECOWAS - the regional West African bloc the AES trio of nations quit before forming their own confederation. Some worry that the AES will now lose access to the free circulation of goods and people enjoyed in the ECOWAS zone by ECOWAS member states.

However, proponents of the new AES passport see things differently. They argue that, in practice, ECOWAS countries don’t really respect free circulation.

Continued….. Often, people get charged with various hidden or hard-to-understand fees when they show up at the borders of neighbouring states.

The new AES Confederation says it plans to serve as a model for what true free circulation looks like by addressing these issues while also working towards the complete eradication of colonial borders and unification under a single federal government.

MOZAMBICANS PROTEST HIGH COST OF LIVING

After a nearly month-long lull, protests returned to parts of Mozambique. Citizens took to the streets, angry at the high cost of living and the government’s failure to provide essential services. The majority of the demonstrations took place in towns in the southern province of Gaza, where people blocked roads and torched the offices of a water-supply company. The main motorways linking the country to South Africa and Eswatini were also temporarily blocked.

Continued……A rise in the cost of basic food items such as rice, fish and cooking oil has triggered nationwide anger. The protests also come just weeks after the end of over two months of post-electoral violence, sparked by allegations of ballot fraud in the 9 October elections - won by Daniel Chapo of the ruling Frelimo (Mozambique Liberation Front) party. According to civil-society organisations, more than 300 people were killed in that violence, mainly at the hands of the security forces. Since being sworn in on 15 January, Chapo has struggled to unite the nation, divided by post-election violence and a sluggish economy.

Hear Us Roar: https://news.1rj.ru/str/AfricanStream

KENYA HOSTS RSF FOR SUDAN CARVE-UP TALKS

Kenya’s involvement in Sudan’s proxy war has come under scrutiny after Nairobi hosted the UAE-backed Rapid Support Forces (RSF) on February 18. While in the Kenyan capital, the paramilitary group, which has been accused of severe human-rights abuses - including genocide, kidnappings, rape, and sexual slavery - unveiled plans to establish a rival government in parts of Darfur and Kordofan (which it currently controls). It comes amid reports that the RSF recently executed 200 civilians during a three-day rampage through villages in Sudan’s south.

This apparent closeness to the RSF has severely strained Kenya-Sudan relations, with Khartoum slamming Nairobi for what it brands its complicity in genocide.

Continued……Sudan also alleges that Kenya harbours RSF rebel leaders. Weapons on their way from the United Arab Emirates to the Abu Dhabi-backed RSF in Sudan reportedly use Kenya’s Mombasa as a transit point, while President William Ruto has been criticised for engaging directly with RSF leaders.

As the extent of Kenya’s role in contributing to Sudan’s destabilisation becomes clearer, the absence of continental leadership over the issue raises serious questions as to the role of bodies such as the African Union.

Sources:

https://kenyanforeignpolicy.com/kenyas-diplomatic-dilemma-as-sudans-militia-plans-government-in-nairobi/

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sudan-civil-war-hrw-rsf-genocide-geneina-threat-ethnic-cleansing-fasher

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0rzw8wqn8vo

https://sudantribune.com/article274476/

https://archive.ph/OkgaW

https://www.facebook.com/Sudania24TV/posts/pfbid0ZKqXAGe4Bzus1PBizPdDvq9h2jRbrjiMa3XLn5ip2p5aEt9XrwXSZ7PRckBNfToGl

AFRIKANER PROTESTERS ASK TRUMP TO ‘HELP’ THEM

Hundreds of white South Africans protested on 15 February outside the US embassy in Pretoria, calling on US President Donald Trump to look into their grievances. Holding placards that read ‘Thank God for President Trump,’ the protesters—mostly Afrikaners (Dutch settlers)—claimed the South African government discriminates against white settlers.

Afrikaners have denounced the country’s new land expropriation law as well as other affirmative action policies put in place since the end of apartheid in the early 1990s to advance opportunities for Black South Africans and other racial groups that were oppressed and marginalised during the apartheid era.

South Africa’s law intends to correct a historic injustice, as most arable land remains in the hands of the white Afrikaner minority. In 2017, a government report revealed white settlers still held 72 per cent of privately owned farmland.

Continued……Yet, they made up only 7.3 per cent of the population, according to a 2022 census.

In response to the expropriation law, Trump’s 7 February executive order cut off aid to South Africa and offered to re-settle Afrikaners in the United States.

Tesla CEO Elon Musk, Trump’s ‘special government employee’ born and raised in apartheid South Africa, has added fuel to the fire by claiming Afrikaner farmers have been victims of r*cist murders, playing into the unfounded claim that the government is aiding a g*nocide against white settlers.

Under the new law, in certain circumstances—if deemed ‘just and equitable’ and ‘in the public interest’—the state can seize land without compensation. The law replaced the apartheid-era Expropriation Act of 1975, which mandated compensation for landowners under the ‘willing seller, willing buyer’ principle.

Photo credit: @ScythesBingo (Reddit)

Sources:

https://time.com/7225641/white-south-africans-gather-us-embassy-support-donald-trump

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/14/trump-musk-south-africa-afriforum

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/08/trump-cuts-aid-to-south-africa-over-racial-discrimination-against-afrikaners

https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/02/addressing-egregious-actions-of-the-republic-of-south-africa

https://x.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1032454567152246785

https://harpers.org/archive/2019/03/the-myth-of-white-genocide-in-south-africa

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cn01z1yy0jno