Prayer Nuts.
Very small 3 to 5 cm in diameter. A type of miniature carved woodwork popular in Northern Europe, in the 15th and 16th centuries. "The level of detail in boxnut miniatures is phenomenal; some pieces show the texture of minute details such as feathers on angel wings, dragon scales, figures' clothing trim and jewelry."
It's not easy to do something like this at all, to have the detailing of the little figures and patterns, and to have the walnut and the doors inside the walnut open, all done with quality, it's been 600 years, and the walnuts haven't fallen apart.
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Very small 3 to 5 cm in diameter. A type of miniature carved woodwork popular in Northern Europe, in the 15th and 16th centuries. "The level of detail in boxnut miniatures is phenomenal; some pieces show the texture of minute details such as feathers on angel wings, dragon scales, figures' clothing trim and jewelry."
It's not easy to do something like this at all, to have the detailing of the little figures and patterns, and to have the walnut and the doors inside the walnut open, all done with quality, it's been 600 years, and the walnuts haven't fallen apart.
Join us now: Before Our Time📜
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The secret technology of ancient architecture.
Thousands of years ago, Mesoamerican civilizations discovered the secret of softening hard rock. The explorer Percival Fawcett (1867 - 1927) recorded the story of the discovery in his journal of a trip to Peru. In an ancient burial site, he discovered a clay bottle filled with a black viscous liquid with a pungent odor.
One of the members of the group decided to get the Indian guide drunk, but he resisted. In the struggle, the bottle was broken and the contents poured out onto a block of basalt. Soon the surface of the rock dissolved to a soft clay that could be molded as desired. Isn't this the secret of the perfectly fitted blocks of the Inca and Mayan pyramids, the subtlety of stone bas-reliefs and marble sculptures?
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Thousands of years ago, Mesoamerican civilizations discovered the secret of softening hard rock. The explorer Percival Fawcett (1867 - 1927) recorded the story of the discovery in his journal of a trip to Peru. In an ancient burial site, he discovered a clay bottle filled with a black viscous liquid with a pungent odor.
One of the members of the group decided to get the Indian guide drunk, but he resisted. In the struggle, the bottle was broken and the contents poured out onto a block of basalt. Soon the surface of the rock dissolved to a soft clay that could be molded as desired. Isn't this the secret of the perfectly fitted blocks of the Inca and Mayan pyramids, the subtlety of stone bas-reliefs and marble sculptures?
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According to legend, the Apostle Andrew on his way from Constantinople to Rome visited Kiev, then Novgorod in the lands of the Slovenes.
It is believed that the journey took place along the Dnieper River, on the way "from the Varangians to the Greeks. But the map shows that such a route is not logical and Andrew spent most of the way away from Rome, and the Dnieper and Volkhov were separated by high, overgrown watersheds through which there were no roads.
But with the historic Kiev on the Danube, the route becomes logical - there was indeed a safe route from Constantinople to Rome along the Danube. Legend mentions the 3 mouths of the Dnieper, but so many mouths just at the Danube (three large ducts in the delta), and the Dnieper only one mouth.
After all, the Kievan Rus originated in another place?
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It is believed that the journey took place along the Dnieper River, on the way "from the Varangians to the Greeks. But the map shows that such a route is not logical and Andrew spent most of the way away from Rome, and the Dnieper and Volkhov were separated by high, overgrown watersheds through which there were no roads.
But with the historic Kiev on the Danube, the route becomes logical - there was indeed a safe route from Constantinople to Rome along the Danube. Legend mentions the 3 mouths of the Dnieper, but so many mouths just at the Danube (three large ducts in the delta), and the Dnieper only one mouth.
After all, the Kievan Rus originated in another place?
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Lalibela Rock Temples, Ethiopia
The pink rock-carved churches of Lalibela are stunningly beautiful, but the 11 monolithic structures are even more striking for their history than their view.
King Lalibela, who ruled in the 12th and 13th centuries, is said to have carved each temple himself (but rumor has it that angels helped him). Although it is more likely that thousands of slaves helped him.
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The pink rock-carved churches of Lalibela are stunningly beautiful, but the 11 monolithic structures are even more striking for their history than their view.
King Lalibela, who ruled in the 12th and 13th centuries, is said to have carved each temple himself (but rumor has it that angels helped him). Although it is more likely that thousands of slaves helped him.
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Giant Bones Discovered
Anthropologist Georges Vacher de Lapouge discovered enormous human bones in 1890 during the excavation of a Bronze Age cemetery in Castelnau. A man with these bones must have been about 3m tall.
The bones were examined by zoologists and paleontologists from the University of Montpellier and were found to belong to a "very high race. A few years later, workers here also dug up skulls up to 61 cm in diameter.
The bones eventually went to the French Academy of Sciences for research, where they were safely lost.
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Anthropologist Georges Vacher de Lapouge discovered enormous human bones in 1890 during the excavation of a Bronze Age cemetery in Castelnau. A man with these bones must have been about 3m tall.
The bones were examined by zoologists and paleontologists from the University of Montpellier and were found to belong to a "very high race. A few years later, workers here also dug up skulls up to 61 cm in diameter.
The bones eventually went to the French Academy of Sciences for research, where they were safely lost.
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1930s car navigation and videophone
"Iter Avto." a device invented in Italy in the 1930s, which was a mechanical design. A paper map was placed in a box and moved according to the speed of the car. Manual scrolling was required for user searches.
1930 - The video telephone is shown to the public for the first time in New York City. The connection established between Bell Laboratories and AT&T allowed the interlocutors not only to hear but also to see each other on tiny black and white screens, and then we can find video telephones among the advertising materials of the 1960s.
It would seem that here are the inventions, you can refine them a little and sell them to people, but after the discoveries were made, scientists were in no hurry to refine them. The navigator was connected to the steering wheel only 50 years after it was invented
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"Iter Avto." a device invented in Italy in the 1930s, which was a mechanical design. A paper map was placed in a box and moved according to the speed of the car. Manual scrolling was required for user searches.
1930 - The video telephone is shown to the public for the first time in New York City. The connection established between Bell Laboratories and AT&T allowed the interlocutors not only to hear but also to see each other on tiny black and white screens, and then we can find video telephones among the advertising materials of the 1960s.
It would seem that here are the inventions, you can refine them a little and sell them to people, but after the discoveries were made, scientists were in no hurry to refine them. The navigator was connected to the steering wheel only 50 years after it was invented
Join us now: Before Our Time📜
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Klenke's 17th-century atlas, from which the images of the Tartars and Muscovites were taken (look, don't get confused!) is worth looking at not only in scanned form, but also in real size. The page format is 1.75 by 1.9m.
In Pereslavl-Zalessky there is a copy of the Gospel of enormous size. From the photo, I think the size of such books is clear. For people of our stature (and we are told that over the past centuries the population has increased in stature considerably, due to nutrition and comfortable conditions for life), such weight is prohibitive even for weight-lifters, for a gift version they are not worthy, and for their carrying or use special mechanisms are needed. Dozens of similar editions have survived, where even the font is excessive for a person of normal height.
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In Pereslavl-Zalessky there is a copy of the Gospel of enormous size. From the photo, I think the size of such books is clear. For people of our stature (and we are told that over the past centuries the population has increased in stature considerably, due to nutrition and comfortable conditions for life), such weight is prohibitive even for weight-lifters, for a gift version they are not worthy, and for their carrying or use special mechanisms are needed. Dozens of similar editions have survived, where even the font is excessive for a person of normal height.
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The French map of 1700 marks St. Petersburg. Three years before the foundation of the city.
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I came across one example that is very revealing in terms of the speed of fossilization of materials. Stone rock created the Petrified Staircase in Beaumes-le-Mesieux, France, in just decades.
A shallow reservoir with a flowing stream in it was lined with a metal ladder. When the stream dried up, it turned out that the staircase had developed a stone deposit.
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A shallow reservoir with a flowing stream in it was lined with a metal ladder. When the stream dried up, it turned out that the staircase had developed a stone deposit.
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The electric bicycle had already been created in the 19th century.
In 1895, Ogden Bolton's patent for the electric bicycle was registered. The inventor himself writes that he did not create anything new, only improved the electric bicycle and even referred in the patent to existing experts in the field.
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In 1895, Ogden Bolton's patent for the electric bicycle was registered. The inventor himself writes that he did not create anything new, only improved the electric bicycle and even referred in the patent to existing experts in the field.
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Is electric vehicles an innovation?
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Electric Vehicle Co. had 2,000 electric cars, electric trucks, and electric buses in its fleet. The company's Connecticut plant was the largest manufacturer of electric vehicles in the world.
Soon the fuel corporations got rid of the electric vehicles, hiding all the details of the technology. Once fuel began to run out and it became more expensive to mine than to produce electricity, the world went back to electric transportation
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At the beginning of the 20th century, the Electric Vehicle Co. had 2,000 electric cars, electric trucks, and electric buses in its fleet. The company's Connecticut plant was the largest manufacturer of electric vehicles in the world.
Soon the fuel corporations got rid of the electric vehicles, hiding all the details of the technology. Once fuel began to run out and it became more expensive to mine than to produce electricity, the world went back to electric transportation
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Piranesi's engraving of the map of Rome is incredible. It fully coincides with the modern Google satellite maps, but for such accuracy Piranesi would have had to climb to a height of 6-7 kilometers.
Considering that even the balloon was invented after Piranesi's death, and airplanes were out of the question, how was it possible to create such an accurate map?
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Considering that even the balloon was invented after Piranesi's death, and airplanes were out of the question, how was it possible to create such an accurate map?
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An unusual mask was found in Florida
Experts have determined the mask to be 12'000 years old, admired the technological process of the work and found out that it depicts an Inca deity.
But how the ancient Incas created the mask of iridium - they were not clear. There is very little iridium in the bowels of the earth - just an admixture of other metals. Its main stock is found in fallen meteorites. When scientists discovered it in 1803, they described the metal as "hard, refractory and highly corrosion-resistant. Let's assume that the Incas were lucky enough to get a meteorite, and they could make a mask out of the capricious iridium. It remains to be clarified - how did the ancients extract iridium from a meteorite?
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Experts have determined the mask to be 12'000 years old, admired the technological process of the work and found out that it depicts an Inca deity.
But how the ancient Incas created the mask of iridium - they were not clear. There is very little iridium in the bowels of the earth - just an admixture of other metals. Its main stock is found in fallen meteorites. When scientists discovered it in 1803, they described the metal as "hard, refractory and highly corrosion-resistant. Let's assume that the Incas were lucky enough to get a meteorite, and they could make a mask out of the capricious iridium. It remains to be clarified - how did the ancients extract iridium from a meteorite?
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Gambia is home to the mysterious Yundum airfield, which NASA chose as an alternate airfield for landing its reusable Shuttles.
Gambia and NASA were lucky: the most expensive part of the airfield - the runway - did not even have to be built, the carefully fitted monolithic stone slabs "have been in this place for centuries," as the locals say, scientists also do not explain where the slabs came from.
During the construction of the airfield, they only laid asphalt and marked it, obtaining a 3,600 meter runway capable of receiving planes and shuttles of all weights and sizes. And who would have needed such a runway centuries ago? According to the official version, there has been no research on this question, but perhaps scientists have studied the slabs and know the answer, they just don't tell us about it.
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Gambia and NASA were lucky: the most expensive part of the airfield - the runway - did not even have to be built, the carefully fitted monolithic stone slabs "have been in this place for centuries," as the locals say, scientists also do not explain where the slabs came from.
During the construction of the airfield, they only laid asphalt and marked it, obtaining a 3,600 meter runway capable of receiving planes and shuttles of all weights and sizes. And who would have needed such a runway centuries ago? According to the official version, there has been no research on this question, but perhaps scientists have studied the slabs and know the answer, they just don't tell us about it.
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A mosaic depicting the Trojan War was unearthed in Syria
It was considered mythical, and the remains of the Trojan horse were never found. Now most scientists believe that Troy was real in what is now Hissarlik in Turkey.
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It was considered mythical, and the remains of the Trojan horse were never found. Now most scientists believe that Troy was real in what is now Hissarlik in Turkey.
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