Clinical 🅱iochemistry
The difference between Glomerular syndromes ✅Nephr🅾tic vs ✅NephrÏtic Syndromes👆👇 @Biochem_Lab
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☸ Nephritic syndrome :
==================
♦️Nephritic syndrome is a group of symptoms that cause swelling and inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney.
♦️Causes :
========
Acute nephritic syndrome is often caused by an immune response triggered by an infection or other disease.
♦️Diagnosis:
=========
1⃣Haematuria:
Haematuria occurs due to podocytes developing large pores which allows blood and protein to escape into the urine.
2⃣Red cell casts
distinguishing feature and indicate glomerular damage.
3⃣Proteinuria:(small amount).
4⃣Hypertension:
5⃣Low urine volume _<300ml/day_: Due to reduced renal function.
♦️الـ nephritic تحتوي على الحرف "I" والـ cytes (اشارة للخلايا الحمراء الخارجة مع البول تحتوي حرفياً على الحرف "y" ، ولكنه صوتياً كحرف "I"… هذا قد يساعد عند التذكر للتفريق بين هذه الحالة ، والحالة الاخرى السابق شرحها nephrotic syndrome ، والتي تحتوي على الحرف "O" والبروتين الزائد في البول والمفرّق لها يحتوي على الحرف "O".
https://telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA
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☸ Nephritic syndrome :
==================
♦️Nephritic syndrome is a group of symptoms that cause swelling and inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney.
♦️Causes :
========
Acute nephritic syndrome is often caused by an immune response triggered by an infection or other disease.
♦️Diagnosis:
=========
1⃣Haematuria:
Haematuria occurs due to podocytes developing large pores which allows blood and protein to escape into the urine.
2⃣Red cell casts
distinguishing feature and indicate glomerular damage.
3⃣Proteinuria:(small amount).
4⃣Hypertension:
5⃣Low urine volume _<300ml/day_: Due to reduced renal function.
♦️الـ nephritic تحتوي على الحرف "I" والـ cytes (اشارة للخلايا الحمراء الخارجة مع البول تحتوي حرفياً على الحرف "y" ، ولكنه صوتياً كحرف "I"… هذا قد يساعد عند التذكر للتفريق بين هذه الحالة ، والحالة الاخرى السابق شرحها nephrotic syndrome ، والتي تحتوي على الحرف "O" والبروتين الزائد في البول والمفرّق لها يحتوي على الحرف "O".
https://telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA
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Forwarded from اتچ بات
Forwarded from اتچ بات
videoplayback-50.3gpp
4.8 MB
🎥 How much do you know about Gout, causes, symptoms?
✅Then watch this short video👨⚕
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@Biochem_Lab ☜
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✅Then watch this short video👨⚕
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@Biochem_Lab ☜
┗━━━⚗━━━━┛
Clinical 🅱iochemistry
🍋 Top remedies to control Uric Acid level👨⚕🔝 https://telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA
Analysis of Uric Acid 💉 is the final product of Purine's metabolism and varies from hour to hour.
Affected by long fasting and food.
@Biochem_Lab
Affected by long fasting and food.
@Biochem_Lab
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Uric Acid Measurement:
=================
♦️Measurement of plasma uric acid is used in the investigation of gout and it is also used in diagnosis and monitoring of pregnancy induced hypertension (preeclamptic toxemia).
Primary gout occurs due to overproduction of uric acid and secondary gout occurs due to retention of uric acid.
♦️Analytical methodology:
1️⃣Phosphotungstate Method (Caraway method):
This method requires a protein-free filtrate for serum or plasma.
cUric acid + phosphotungstic acid + Na2CO2 (in alkaline pH) → allantoin + CO + tungsten blue.
Glucose, ascorbic acid, glutathione, hemoglobin, and drugs such as acetaminophen and caffeine commonly interfere.
@Biochem_Lab
2️⃣Methods using uricase:
The simplest of these methods measures the differential absorption of uric acid and allantoin at 293 nm.
The difference in absorbance before and after incubation with uricase is proportional to the uric acid concentration. Proteins can cause high background absorbance, reducing sensitivity; hemoglobin and xanthine can cause negative interference.
👉Uric acid+H2O+O2→allantoin+CO2+H2O2
@Biochem_Lab
3️⃣Coupled enzyme(uricase&Peroxidase) methods:
It measure the hydrogen peroxide produced as uric acid is converted to allantoin. Peroxidase or catalase is used to catalyze a chemical indicator reaction.
Bilirubin and ascorbic acid, which destroy peroxide, if present in sufficient quantity,
can interfere. Commercial reagent preparations often include potassium ferricyanide and ascorbate oxidase to minimize these interferences.
👉Uric acid +O2+2H2O→Alantoin+CO2+H2O2
👉2H2O2+4–Aminoantipyrine+DCFS→Quinoneimine+4 H2O
http://bit.ly/2mpJ0Y9
♦️Reference Ranges:
===============
🔻Uricase Method:
Male 3.5–7.2 mg/dL Female 2.6–6.0 mg/dL
🔻Phosphotungstate Method:
M: 4.2–8.0 mg/dL F: 3.5–7.3 mg/dL
🔻Values are lower in children.
https://telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA
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🍃🍂🌺🍃🍂🌺
✨🍃🍂🌺🍃🍂🌺🍃🍂🌺
🍃🍂🌺🍃🍂🌺
🍂🌺🍂
🌺
Uric Acid Measurement:
=================
♦️Measurement of plasma uric acid is used in the investigation of gout and it is also used in diagnosis and monitoring of pregnancy induced hypertension (preeclamptic toxemia).
Primary gout occurs due to overproduction of uric acid and secondary gout occurs due to retention of uric acid.
♦️Analytical methodology:
1️⃣Phosphotungstate Method (Caraway method):
This method requires a protein-free filtrate for serum or plasma.
cUric acid + phosphotungstic acid + Na2CO2 (in alkaline pH) → allantoin + CO + tungsten blue.
Glucose, ascorbic acid, glutathione, hemoglobin, and drugs such as acetaminophen and caffeine commonly interfere.
@Biochem_Lab
2️⃣Methods using uricase:
The simplest of these methods measures the differential absorption of uric acid and allantoin at 293 nm.
The difference in absorbance before and after incubation with uricase is proportional to the uric acid concentration. Proteins can cause high background absorbance, reducing sensitivity; hemoglobin and xanthine can cause negative interference.
👉Uric acid+H2O+O2→allantoin+CO2+H2O2
@Biochem_Lab
3️⃣Coupled enzyme(uricase&Peroxidase) methods:
It measure the hydrogen peroxide produced as uric acid is converted to allantoin. Peroxidase or catalase is used to catalyze a chemical indicator reaction.
Bilirubin and ascorbic acid, which destroy peroxide, if present in sufficient quantity,
can interfere. Commercial reagent preparations often include potassium ferricyanide and ascorbate oxidase to minimize these interferences.
👉Uric acid +O2+2H2O→Alantoin+CO2+H2O2
👉2H2O2+4–Aminoantipyrine+DCFS→Quinoneimine+4 H2O
http://bit.ly/2mpJ0Y9
♦️Reference Ranges:
===============
🔻Uricase Method:
Male 3.5–7.2 mg/dL Female 2.6–6.0 mg/dL
🔻Phosphotungstate Method:
M: 4.2–8.0 mg/dL F: 3.5–7.3 mg/dL
🔻Values are lower in children.
https://telegram.me/joinchat/AAAAAECuqoTkgQkHpiHlGA
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Clinical_Chemistry_Principles,_Techniques 📕
━الطبعة السابعة7 ،
━ كتاب جميل في الــ Biochemistry ⤵️👇
قناة الكيمياءالسريرية☜ @Biochem_Lab
━الطبعة السابعة7 ،
━ كتاب جميل في الــ Biochemistry ⤵️👇
قناة الكيمياءالسريرية☜ @Biochem_Lab
Clinical_Chemistry_Principles,_Techniques 📕
━الطبعة السادسة6 ،
━ كتاب رااائع في الــ Biochemistry ⤵️👇
قناة الكيمياءالسريرية☜ @Biochem_Lab
━الطبعة السادسة6 ،
━ كتاب رااائع في الــ Biochemistry ⤵️👇
قناة الكيمياءالسريرية☜ @Biochem_Lab
تطبيق رااائع يفيدك في كل ما يتعلق بالتحضيرات الكيميائية السائلة والصلبة والغازية وطرق التخفيف ومعرفة درجة الحرارة ونوع الوسط وووو الخ .... اكتشفها بنفسك ،
↔التطبيق👇
@Biochem_Lab
↔التطبيق👇
@Biochem_Lab