class Output {
public static void main(String[] args) {
if (args.length == 0) return;
int min = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
for (int i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
if (Integer.parseInt(args[i]) > min) {
min = Integer.parseInt(args[i]);
}
}
System.out.println(min);
}
}Ok everyone that was all for today and see you all tomorrow.
Good evening everyone👋,
We want to announce that we will continue our lesson tomorrow see you all on the next lesson 😊
We want to announce that we will continue our lesson tomorrow see you all on the next lesson 😊
Good afternoon, everyone!👋
Welcome back to our daily courses. This week, we will be focusing on revising some fundamental concepts that are often overlooked. We understand that many of you may have paused your studies after completing the OOP exam. However, we encourage you to join us for the courses each day as we review these concepts. By doing so, you will build confidence and be well-prepared for the upcoming exams.
Let's make the most of our time together and ensure a solid understanding of these essential topics. Happy learning!
Welcome back to our daily courses. This week, we will be focusing on revising some fundamental concepts that are often overlooked. We understand that many of you may have paused your studies after completing the OOP exam. However, we encourage you to join us for the courses each day as we review these concepts. By doing so, you will build confidence and be well-prepared for the upcoming exams.
Let's make the most of our time together and ensure a solid understanding of these essential topics. Happy learning!
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📅 Array and Linked List in Java 📚
In today's session, we delved into the concepts of Array and Linked List in Java. Here are the key takeaways:
1️⃣ Array and Iteration:
We explored the fundamentals of arrays and how to iterate over them. Arrays are fixed in size and store elements of the same type in contiguous memory locations.
2️⃣ The Difference between an Array and a Linked List:
We discussed the distinctions between arrays and linked lists. While arrays offer fast random access and efficient memory utilization, linked lists provide flexibility in dynamic memory allocation and efficient insertion/deletion operations.
3️⃣ Advantages of Linked Lists over Arrays:
We examined scenarios where linked lists outperform arrays. One such case is when frequent insertions or deletions are required, as linked lists can dynamically adjust their size without the need for reallocation. To illustrate this, we analyzed a sample scenario that employed both an array and a linked list.
💡 Example:
Consider a scenario where we need to maintain a list of students' names. We could use an array to store the fixed number of names initially. However, if we anticipate frequent additions or removals of names, a linked list would be more suitable. Linked lists allow for easy insertion or deletion of elements without the overhead of resizing the entire structure.
🔑 Key Cases for Using Linked Lists:
We highlighted the primary situations where linked lists are preferred over arrays. These include scenarios involving dynamic data structures, such as implementing stacks, queues, and hash tables, or when efficient insertions and deletions are crucial.
By grasping the differences between arrays and linked lists, you will have a solid foundation for understanding their respective strengths and determining the appropriate use cases.
Here's an example code snippet that demonstrates the difference between an array and a linked list in Java:
This code demonstrates creating an array (
When executed, the code will output:
This example highlights the differing characteristics of arrays and linked lists, showcasing how they are declared, initialized, and used in practice.
Keep up the great work, and let's continue exploring the fascinating world of Java programming together! 💪💻
#JavaProgramming #DataStructures #ArrayAndLinkedList
In today's session, we delved into the concepts of Array and Linked List in Java. Here are the key takeaways:
1️⃣ Array and Iteration:
We explored the fundamentals of arrays and how to iterate over them. Arrays are fixed in size and store elements of the same type in contiguous memory locations.
2️⃣ The Difference between an Array and a Linked List:
We discussed the distinctions between arrays and linked lists. While arrays offer fast random access and efficient memory utilization, linked lists provide flexibility in dynamic memory allocation and efficient insertion/deletion operations.
3️⃣ Advantages of Linked Lists over Arrays:
We examined scenarios where linked lists outperform arrays. One such case is when frequent insertions or deletions are required, as linked lists can dynamically adjust their size without the need for reallocation. To illustrate this, we analyzed a sample scenario that employed both an array and a linked list.
💡 Example:
Consider a scenario where we need to maintain a list of students' names. We could use an array to store the fixed number of names initially. However, if we anticipate frequent additions or removals of names, a linked list would be more suitable. Linked lists allow for easy insertion or deletion of elements without the overhead of resizing the entire structure.
🔑 Key Cases for Using Linked Lists:
We highlighted the primary situations where linked lists are preferred over arrays. These include scenarios involving dynamic data structures, such as implementing stacks, queues, and hash tables, or when efficient insertions and deletions are crucial.
By grasping the differences between arrays and linked lists, you will have a solid foundation for understanding their respective strengths and determining the appropriate use cases.
Here's an example code snippet that demonstrates the difference between an array and a linked list in Java:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
public class ArrayVsLinkedListExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Array Example
String[] namesArray = new String[3];
namesArray[0] = "Alice";
namesArray[1] = "Bob";
namesArray[2] = "Charlie";
System.out.println("Array Example:");
for (String name : namesArray) {
System.out.println(name);
}
// LinkedList Example
List<String> namesLinkedList = new LinkedList<>();
namesLinkedList.add("Alice");
namesLinkedList.add("Bob");
namesLinkedList.add("Charlie");
System.out.println("\nLinkedList Example:");
for (String name : namesLinkedList) {
System.out.println(name);
}
}
}
This code demonstrates creating an array (
namesArray) and a linked list (namesLinkedList) to store and iterate over a list of names. Note that arrays have a fixed size and require explicit indexing, while linked lists can dynamically grow or shrink and provide convenient methods for adding elements.When executed, the code will output:
Array Example:
Alice
Bob
Charlie
LinkedList Example:
Alice
Bob
Charlie
This example highlights the differing characteristics of arrays and linked lists, showcasing how they are declared, initialized, and used in practice.
Keep up the great work, and let's continue exploring the fascinating world of Java programming together! 💪💻
#JavaProgramming #DataStructures #ArrayAndLinkedList
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Greetings, everyone! 👋
In today's session, we will delve into the important concepts of Casting, Static, and Final methods in Java. Through clear and concise explanations accompanied by illustrative examples, we aim to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of these concepts. So let's embark on our learning journey for today.
In today's session, we will delve into the important concepts of Casting, Static, and Final methods in Java. Through clear and concise explanations accompanied by illustrative examples, we aim to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of these concepts. So let's embark on our learning journey for today.
Title: Java Concepts: Casting, Static, and Final Keywords
Introduction:
📌 In Java, understanding key concepts such as casting, static, and final keywords is crucial for effective programming. Let's explore these concepts and their significance in Java development.
1. Casting in Java:
🔹 Casting refers to the process of converting an object of one data type to another.
🔹 It allows you to treat an object as a different type temporarily.
🔹 "Casting" means "promising" the compiler that the object will be of a particular type.
Example:
Example Explanation:
In the given example, we have a superclass called "Animal" and a subclass called "Dog." We create an object of the Dog class and assign it to a variable of type Animal. This is known as upcasting, where we treat the Dog object as an Animal object. When we call the makeSound() method on the Animal variable, it invokes the overridden method in the Dog class, printing "The dog barks."
Later, we perform downcasting by explicitly casting the Animal object back to a Dog object using the (Dog) syntax. This allows us to access the methods and properties specific to the Dog class. When we call the makeSound() method on the Dog variable, it again prints "The dog barks." By casting, we can temporarily change the perceived type of an object and access the appropriate methods and properties.
2. Difference between static and final keywords in Java methods:
🔹 The static keyword is used to define methods or variables that belong to a class rather than instances of the class. These methods can be accessed without creating an object of the class.
🔹 The final keyword is used to declare constants or to prevent a method or variable from being overridden or modified.
Example:
Example Explanation:
In the provided example, we have a class called MathUtils. It contains a static method called add() that takes two integers as parameters and returns their sum. The static keyword indicates that the method belongs to the class itself and can be accessed without creating an instance of the MathUtils class. We call the add() method using the class name, MathUtils.add(5, 3), and it returns the sum, which is 8.
Additionally, the MathUtils class has a final method called printMessage(). The final keyword ensures that this method cannot be overridden by any subclasses. It prints a fixed message, "This message cannot be overridden."
Introduction:
📌 In Java, understanding key concepts such as casting, static, and final keywords is crucial for effective programming. Let's explore these concepts and their significance in Java development.
1. Casting in Java:
🔹 Casting refers to the process of converting an object of one data type to another.
🔹 It allows you to treat an object as a different type temporarily.
🔹 "Casting" means "promising" the compiler that the object will be of a particular type.
Example:
// Superclass Animal
class Animal {
public void makeSound() {
System.out.println("The animal makes a sound");
}
}
// Subclass Dog
class Dog extends Animal {
public void makeSound() {
System.out.println("The dog barks");
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal animal = new Dog(); // Upcasting
animal.makeSound(); // Output: "The dog barks"
Dog dog = (Dog) animal; // Downcasting
dog.makeSound(); // Output: "The dog barks"
}
}
Example Explanation:
In the given example, we have a superclass called "Animal" and a subclass called "Dog." We create an object of the Dog class and assign it to a variable of type Animal. This is known as upcasting, where we treat the Dog object as an Animal object. When we call the makeSound() method on the Animal variable, it invokes the overridden method in the Dog class, printing "The dog barks."
Later, we perform downcasting by explicitly casting the Animal object back to a Dog object using the (Dog) syntax. This allows us to access the methods and properties specific to the Dog class. When we call the makeSound() method on the Dog variable, it again prints "The dog barks." By casting, we can temporarily change the perceived type of an object and access the appropriate methods and properties.
2. Difference between static and final keywords in Java methods:
🔹 The static keyword is used to define methods or variables that belong to a class rather than instances of the class. These methods can be accessed without creating an object of the class.
🔹 The final keyword is used to declare constants or to prevent a method or variable from being overridden or modified.
Example:
class MathUtils {
public static int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
public final void printMessage() {
System.out.println("This message cannot be overridden");
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int sum = MathUtils.add(5, 3); // Calling static method
System.out.println("Sum: " + sum); // Output: 8
MathUtils mathUtils = new MathUtils();
mathUtils.printMessage(); // Output: "This message cannot be overridden"
}
}Example Explanation:
In the provided example, we have a class called MathUtils. It contains a static method called add() that takes two integers as parameters and returns their sum. The static keyword indicates that the method belongs to the class itself and can be accessed without creating an instance of the MathUtils class. We call the add() method using the class name, MathUtils.add(5, 3), and it returns the sum, which is 8.
Additionally, the MathUtils class has a final method called printMessage(). The final keyword ensures that this method cannot be overridden by any subclasses. It prints a fixed message, "This message cannot be overridden."
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3. Choosing between static and non-static methods:
🔹 Use static methods when the method does not require access to instance-specific data and can be called directly on the class.
🔹 Use non-static methods when the method operates on instance-specific data or needs to be overridden by subclasses.
Example:
Example Explanation:
In this example, we have a class called Circle. It has a constructor that takes the radius of the circle as a parameter. The class also contains two methods: calculateArea() and calculateCircumference(). The calculateArea() method calculates and returns the area of the circle based on its radius. Since the method operates on instance-specific data (the radius), it is a non-static method. We create an instance of the Circle class, circle1, and call the calculateArea() method on it to calculate the area.
On the other hand, the calculateCircumference() method is a static method. It takes the radius as a parameter and directly calculates and returns the circumference of the circle. Since it does not require access to instance-specific data, we can call this method using the class name, Circle.calculateCircumference(5.0). The method returns the circumference, which is 31.41592653589793.
Conclusion:
💡 Understanding casting, static, and final keywords in Java is essential for effective programming. Casting enables the conversion of objects between different types, while static and final keywords define class-level behavior and immutability respectively. Choosing between static and non-static methods depends on whether the method requires access to instance-specific data or not.
Feel free to ask any questions or discuss further in our Java Telegram group! Happy coding! 🚀
🔹 Use static methods when the method does not require access to instance-specific data and can be called directly on the class.
🔹 Use non-static methods when the method operates on instance-specific data or needs to be overridden by subclasses.
Example:
class Circle {
private double radius;
public Circle(double radius) {
this.radius = radius;
}
public double calculateArea() {
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}
public static double calculateCircumference(double radius) {
return 2 * Math.PI * radius;
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Circle circle1 = new Circle(5.0);
double area = circle1.calculateArea();
System.out.println("Area: " + area); // Output: Area: 78.53981633974483
double circumference = Circle.calculateCircumference(5.0);
System.out.println("Circumference: " + circumference); // Output: Circumference: 31.41592653589793
}
}Example Explanation:
In this example, we have a class called Circle. It has a constructor that takes the radius of the circle as a parameter. The class also contains two methods: calculateArea() and calculateCircumference(). The calculateArea() method calculates and returns the area of the circle based on its radius. Since the method operates on instance-specific data (the radius), it is a non-static method. We create an instance of the Circle class, circle1, and call the calculateArea() method on it to calculate the area.
On the other hand, the calculateCircumference() method is a static method. It takes the radius as a parameter and directly calculates and returns the circumference of the circle. Since it does not require access to instance-specific data, we can call this method using the class name, Circle.calculateCircumference(5.0). The method returns the circumference, which is 31.41592653589793.
Conclusion:
💡 Understanding casting, static, and final keywords in Java is essential for effective programming. Casting enables the conversion of objects between different types, while static and final keywords define class-level behavior and immutability respectively. Choosing between static and non-static methods depends on whether the method requires access to instance-specific data or not.
Feel free to ask any questions or discuss further in our Java Telegram group! Happy coding! 🚀
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