19. Why is cross-entropy preferred over accuracy as a training objective?
A. Accuracy is non-differentiable
B. Accuracy requires larger datasets
C. Cross-entropy reduces model size
D. Cross-entropy prevents overfitting
Correct answer: A.
20. What is the core assumption behind convolutional neural networks?
A. Features are independent
B. Data is linearly separable
C. Local patterns are spatially correlated
D. Labels are mutually exclusive
Correct answer: C.
https://news.1rj.ru/str/DataScienceM
A. Accuracy is non-differentiable
B. Accuracy requires larger datasets
C. Cross-entropy reduces model size
D. Cross-entropy prevents overfitting
Correct answer: A.
20. What is the core assumption behind convolutional neural networks?
A. Features are independent
B. Data is linearly separable
C. Local patterns are spatially correlated
D. Labels are mutually exclusive
Correct answer: C.
https://news.1rj.ru/str/DataScienceM
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Machine Learning
Machine learning insights, practical tutorials, and clear explanations for beginners and aspiring data scientists. Follow the channel for models, algorithms, coding guides, and real-world ML applications.
Admin: @HusseinSheikho || @Hussein_Sheikho
Admin: @HusseinSheikho || @Hussein_Sheikho
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100+ LLM Interview Questions and Answers (GitHub Repo)
Anyone preparing for #AI/#ML Interviews, it is mandatory to have good knowledge related to #LLM topics.
This# repo includes 100+ LLM interview questions (with answers) spanning over LLM topics like
LLM Inference
LLM Fine-Tuning
LLM Architectures
LLM Pretraining
Prompt Engineering
etc.
🖕 Github Repo - https://github.com/KalyanKS-NLP/LLM-Interview-Questions-and-Answers-Hub
https://news.1rj.ru/str/DataScienceM✅
Anyone preparing for #AI/#ML Interviews, it is mandatory to have good knowledge related to #LLM topics.
This# repo includes 100+ LLM interview questions (with answers) spanning over LLM topics like
LLM Inference
LLM Fine-Tuning
LLM Architectures
LLM Pretraining
Prompt Engineering
etc.
https://news.1rj.ru/str/DataScienceM
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🚀 Top 9 Predictive Models Every Data Scientist Should Know in 2025
In the world of Machine Learning, selecting the right predictive model is crucial for solving real-world problems effectively.
Here’s a deep dive into the top 9 models and when to use them :-
1️⃣ Regularized Linear/Logistic Regression
• Best for: Tabular data with mostly linear effects
• Why: Fast, interpretable, strong baseline
• Watch out: Multicollinearity, feature scaling
• Key knobs: L1/L2/Elastic Net strength
2️⃣ Decision Trees
• Best for: Simple rules and quick interpretability
• Why: Captures nonlinearity and feature interactions
• Watch out: Overfitting
• Key knobs: max_depth, min_samples_leaf
3️⃣ Random Forest
• Best for: Mixed-type tabular data
• Why: Robust, handles missingness, low tuning effort
• Watch out: Slower inference for large models
• Key knobs: n_estimators, max_features
4️⃣ Gradient Boosting Trees
• Best for: Structured data requiring top performance
• Why: Handles complex patterns and interactions
• Watch out: Overfitting if not tuned carefully
• Key knobs: learning_rate, n_estimators, max_depth, regularization
5️⃣ Support Vector Machines (linear/RBF)
• Best for: Medium-sized datasets with clear margins
• Why: Strong performance after scaling
• Watch out: Kernel choice and cost at scale
• Key knobs: C, kernel, gamma
6️⃣ k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN)
• Best for: Small datasets with local structure
• Why: Simple, non-parametric
• Watch out: Poor scaling, sensitive to feature scaling
• Key knobs: k, distance metric, weighting
7️⃣ Naive Bayes
• Best for: High-dimensional sparse features (like text)
• Why: Very fast, competitive for many applications
• Watch out: Independence assumption
• Key knobs: smoothing (alpha)
8️⃣ Multilayer Perceptrons (Feedforward Neural Networks)
• Best for: Nonlinear relationships with sufficient data & compute
• Why: Flexible universal approximators
• Watch out: Tuning, overfitting without regularization
• Key knobs: layers/neurons, dropout, learning rate
9️⃣ Classical Time-Series Models
• Best for: Univariate or small-multivariate forecasting with seasonality
• Why: Transparent baselines, good for limited data
• Watch out: Stationarity, careful feature engineering
• Key knobs: (p, d, q), seasonal terms, exogenous variables
💡 Pro Tip: Each model has its strengths and trade-offs. Understanding when to use which model and how to tune its hyperparameters is key to building robust and interpretable predictive systems.
https://news.1rj.ru/str/DataScienceM✅
In the world of Machine Learning, selecting the right predictive model is crucial for solving real-world problems effectively.
Here’s a deep dive into the top 9 models and when to use them :-
1️⃣ Regularized Linear/Logistic Regression
• Best for: Tabular data with mostly linear effects
• Why: Fast, interpretable, strong baseline
• Watch out: Multicollinearity, feature scaling
• Key knobs: L1/L2/Elastic Net strength
2️⃣ Decision Trees
• Best for: Simple rules and quick interpretability
• Why: Captures nonlinearity and feature interactions
• Watch out: Overfitting
• Key knobs: max_depth, min_samples_leaf
3️⃣ Random Forest
• Best for: Mixed-type tabular data
• Why: Robust, handles missingness, low tuning effort
• Watch out: Slower inference for large models
• Key knobs: n_estimators, max_features
4️⃣ Gradient Boosting Trees
• Best for: Structured data requiring top performance
• Why: Handles complex patterns and interactions
• Watch out: Overfitting if not tuned carefully
• Key knobs: learning_rate, n_estimators, max_depth, regularization
5️⃣ Support Vector Machines (linear/RBF)
• Best for: Medium-sized datasets with clear margins
• Why: Strong performance after scaling
• Watch out: Kernel choice and cost at scale
• Key knobs: C, kernel, gamma
6️⃣ k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN)
• Best for: Small datasets with local structure
• Why: Simple, non-parametric
• Watch out: Poor scaling, sensitive to feature scaling
• Key knobs: k, distance metric, weighting
7️⃣ Naive Bayes
• Best for: High-dimensional sparse features (like text)
• Why: Very fast, competitive for many applications
• Watch out: Independence assumption
• Key knobs: smoothing (alpha)
8️⃣ Multilayer Perceptrons (Feedforward Neural Networks)
• Best for: Nonlinear relationships with sufficient data & compute
• Why: Flexible universal approximators
• Watch out: Tuning, overfitting without regularization
• Key knobs: layers/neurons, dropout, learning rate
9️⃣ Classical Time-Series Models
• Best for: Univariate or small-multivariate forecasting with seasonality
• Why: Transparent baselines, good for limited data
• Watch out: Stationarity, careful feature engineering
• Key knobs: (p, d, q), seasonal terms, exogenous variables
💡 Pro Tip: Each model has its strengths and trade-offs. Understanding when to use which model and how to tune its hyperparameters is key to building robust and interpretable predictive systems.
https://news.1rj.ru/str/DataScienceM
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📌 4 Ways to Supercharge Your Data Science Workflow with Google AI Studio
🗂 Category: LLM APPLICATIONS
🕒 Date: 2025-12-18 | ⏱️ Read time: 11 min read
With concrete examples of using AI Studio Build mode to learn faster, prototype smarter, communicate…
#DataScience #AI #Python
🗂 Category: LLM APPLICATIONS
🕒 Date: 2025-12-18 | ⏱️ Read time: 11 min read
With concrete examples of using AI Studio Build mode to learn faster, prototype smarter, communicate…
#DataScience #AI #Python
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📌 The Subset Sum Problem Solved in Linear Time for Dense Enough Inputs
🗂 Category: ALGORITHMS
🕒 Date: 2025-12-18 | ⏱️ Read time: 31 min read
An optimal solution to the well-known NP-complete problem, when the input values are close enough…
#DataScience #AI #Python
🗂 Category: ALGORITHMS
🕒 Date: 2025-12-18 | ⏱️ Read time: 31 min read
An optimal solution to the well-known NP-complete problem, when the input values are close enough…
#DataScience #AI #Python
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📌 Generating Artwork in Python Inspired by Hirst’s Million-Dollar Spots Painting
🗂 Category: PROGRAMMING
🕒 Date: 2025-12-18 | ⏱️ Read time: 6 min read
Using Python to generate art
#DataScience #AI #Python
🗂 Category: PROGRAMMING
🕒 Date: 2025-12-18 | ⏱️ Read time: 6 min read
Using Python to generate art
#DataScience #AI #Python
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📌 The Machine Learning “Advent Calendar” Day 18: Neural Network Classifier in Excel
🗂 Category: MACHINE LEARNING
🕒 Date: 2025-12-18 | ⏱️ Read time: 12 min read
Understanding forward propagation and backpropagation through explicit formulas
#DataScience #AI #Python
🗂 Category: MACHINE LEARNING
🕒 Date: 2025-12-18 | ⏱️ Read time: 12 min read
Understanding forward propagation and backpropagation through explicit formulas
#DataScience #AI #Python
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📌 The Machine Learning “Advent Calendar” Day 19: Bagging in Excel
🗂 Category: MACHINE LEARNING
🕒 Date: 2025-12-19 | ⏱️ Read time: 11 min read
Understanding ensemble learning from first principles in Excel
#DataScience #AI #Python
🗂 Category: MACHINE LEARNING
🕒 Date: 2025-12-19 | ⏱️ Read time: 11 min read
Understanding ensemble learning from first principles in Excel
#DataScience #AI #Python
📌 Agentic AI Swarm Optimization using Artificial Bee Colonization (ABC)
🗂 Category: AGENTIC AI
🕒 Date: 2025-12-19 | ⏱️ Read time: 27 min read
Using Agentic AI prompts with the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm to enhance unsupervised clustering and…
#DataScience #AI #Python
🗂 Category: AGENTIC AI
🕒 Date: 2025-12-19 | ⏱️ Read time: 27 min read
Using Agentic AI prompts with the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm to enhance unsupervised clustering and…
#DataScience #AI #Python
📌 How I Optimized My Leaf Raking Strategy Using Linear Programming
🗂 Category: DATA SCIENCE
🕒 Date: 2025-12-19 | ⏱️ Read time: 13 min read
From a weekend chore to a fun application of valuable operations research principles
#DataScience #AI #Python
🗂 Category: DATA SCIENCE
🕒 Date: 2025-12-19 | ⏱️ Read time: 13 min read
From a weekend chore to a fun application of valuable operations research principles
#DataScience #AI #Python
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📌 Six Lessons Learned Building RAG Systems in Production
🗂 Category: LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS
🕒 Date: 2025-12-19 | ⏱️ Read time: 10 min read
Best practices for data quality, retrieval design, and evaluation in production RAG systems
#DataScience #AI #Python
🗂 Category: LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS
🕒 Date: 2025-12-19 | ⏱️ Read time: 10 min read
Best practices for data quality, retrieval design, and evaluation in production RAG systems
#DataScience #AI #Python
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Forwarded from Machine Learning with Python
🚀Stanford just completed a must-watch for anyone serious about AI:
🎓 “𝗖𝗠𝗘 𝟮𝟵𝟱: 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗲𝗿𝘀 & 𝗟𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀” is now live entirely on YouTube and it’s pure gold.
If you’re building your AI career, stop scrolling.
This isn’t another surface-level overview. It’s the clearest, most structured intro to LLMs you could follow, straight from the Stanford Autumn 2025 curriculum.
📚 𝗧𝗼𝗽𝗶𝗰𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗲:
• How Transformers actually work (tokenization, attention, embeddings)
• Decoding strategies & MoEs
• LLM finetuning (LoRA, RLHF, supervised)
• Evaluation techniques (LLM-as-a-judge)
• Optimization tricks (RoPE, quantization, approximations)
• Reasoning & scaling
• Agentic workflows (RAG, tool calling)
🧠 My workflow: I usually take the trannoscripts, feed them into NotebookLM, and once I’ve done the lectures, I replay them during walks or commutes. That combo works wonders for retention.
🎥 Watch these now:
- Lecture 1: https://lnkd.in/dDER-qyp
- Lecture 2: https://lnkd.in/dk-tGUDm
- Lecture 3: https://lnkd.in/drAPdjJY
- Lecture 4: https://lnkd.in/e_RSgMz7
- Lecture 5: https://lnkd.in/eivMA9pe
- Lecture 6: https://lnkd.in/eYwwwMXn
- Lecture 7: https://lnkd.in/eKwkEDXV
- Lecture 8: https://lnkd.in/eEWvyfyK
- Lecture 9: https://lnkd.in/euiKRGaQ
🗓 Do yourself a favor for this 2026: block 2-3 hours per week / llectue and go through them.
If you’re in AI — whether building infra, agents, or apps — this is the foundational course you don’t want to miss.
Let’s level up.
https://news.1rj.ru/str/CodeProgrammer😅
🎓 “𝗖𝗠𝗘 𝟮𝟵𝟱: 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗲𝗿𝘀 & 𝗟𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀” is now live entirely on YouTube and it’s pure gold.
If you’re building your AI career, stop scrolling.
This isn’t another surface-level overview. It’s the clearest, most structured intro to LLMs you could follow, straight from the Stanford Autumn 2025 curriculum.
📚 𝗧𝗼𝗽𝗶𝗰𝘀 𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗲:
• How Transformers actually work (tokenization, attention, embeddings)
• Decoding strategies & MoEs
• LLM finetuning (LoRA, RLHF, supervised)
• Evaluation techniques (LLM-as-a-judge)
• Optimization tricks (RoPE, quantization, approximations)
• Reasoning & scaling
• Agentic workflows (RAG, tool calling)
🧠 My workflow: I usually take the trannoscripts, feed them into NotebookLM, and once I’ve done the lectures, I replay them during walks or commutes. That combo works wonders for retention.
🎥 Watch these now:
- Lecture 1: https://lnkd.in/dDER-qyp
- Lecture 2: https://lnkd.in/dk-tGUDm
- Lecture 3: https://lnkd.in/drAPdjJY
- Lecture 4: https://lnkd.in/e_RSgMz7
- Lecture 5: https://lnkd.in/eivMA9pe
- Lecture 6: https://lnkd.in/eYwwwMXn
- Lecture 7: https://lnkd.in/eKwkEDXV
- Lecture 8: https://lnkd.in/eEWvyfyK
- Lecture 9: https://lnkd.in/euiKRGaQ
🗓 Do yourself a favor for this 2026: block 2-3 hours per week / llectue and go through them.
If you’re in AI — whether building infra, agents, or apps — this is the foundational course you don’t want to miss.
Let’s level up.
https://news.1rj.ru/str/CodeProgrammer
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