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🔘All📌

🔗1. All refers to three or more items. It is used mostly before plural and uncountable nouns.
◇All children need love.
◇I love all music.
◇All the invitees turned up.

■When all is followed by a plural noun, the verb is normally plural. After an uncountable noun, we use a singular verb.
◇All cheese contains fat.
◇All the lights were out.

■All + noun is not normally used as the subject of a negative verb. We more often use the structure not all + noun + affirmative verb.
◇Not all birds can sing. (NOT All birds cannot sing.)

🔗2. All and All of

■Before a noun with no determiner (possessives, articles and demonstratives) we use all.
◇All children need love.
◇All cheese contains fat.
◇All lights were out.

■Before a noun with a determiner (the, my, this etc.), all and all of are both possible.
◇All the lights were out.
◇All of the lights were out.
◇I have invited all my friends to my birthday party.
◇I have invited all of my friends to my birthday party.

■Before a personal pronoun (us, them etc.) we useall of + object form.
◇All of us love music. (NOT All us love music)
◇I have invited all of them. (NOT I have invited all them.)

🔗3. All with nouns and pronouns

■All can modify nouns and pronouns. We normally place it before the noun/pronoun.
◇I have invited all (of) my friends.
◇All of us love music.
◇I love all of you.
◇All of us are going to the movies.

■We can put all after pronouns used as objects.
◇I love you all. (= I love all of you.)
◇Give my love to them all. (= Give my love to all of them.)
◇I have made you all something to eat. (= I have made all of you something to eat.)

○Note that all cannot be put after pronouns used as subject complements.
◇Is that all of them? (NOT Is that them all?)

🔗4. All with verbs

■When all refers to the subject of a clause, it can go with the verb.
When the verb consists of just one word, and that word is not a form of be (is, am, are, was, were), all is placed before the verb.
◇They all came. (All + other verb)
◇We all love music. (All + other verb)

■When the verb is a form of be, all is placed after it.
◇You are all welcome. (be + all)
◇We were all invited. (be + all)

■When there are two auxiliary verbs, all goes after the first.
◇They have all gone home. (Auxiliary verb + all + other verb)
◇They have all been told. (Auxiliary verb + all + auxiliary verb + other verb)

○Note that these meanings can also be expressed by using all (of) + noun/pronoun.
♧All of them came.
♧All of us love music.
♧All of you are welcome.
♧All of us have been invited.
♧All of them have gone home.
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