✍ Gerund

A gerund is the -ing form of a verb that functions as a noun. It can act as a subject, object, complement, or appositive in a sentence.

✅ Subject of a Sentence:
Example: Swimming is my favorite hobby.

✅ Object of a Verb:
Example: She enjoys reading books.

✅ Object of a Preposition:
Example: He is good at playing the guitar.

✅ Subject Complement:
Example: Her favorite activity is hiking.

✅ Appositive:
Example: My hobby, painting, relaxes me.



Passive Gerund (being + past participle)
👉 A passive gerund is the -ing form of a verb that indicates the subject is receiving the action rather than performing it.

Examples:
✔️ She dislikes being interrupted.
✔️ Being respected by others is so crucial for me.


Perfect Gerund (having + past participle)
👉 A perfect gerund is used to indicate that the action of the gerund happened before the action of the main verb.

Examples:
✔️ She regrets having missed the meeting.
✔️ He denied having stolen the money.


Perfect Passive Gerund (having been + past participle)
👉 A perfect passive gerund combines the aspects of both the passive and perfect gerunds. It indicates that the subject received the action before the action of the main verb.

Examples:
✔️ She appreciates having been invited to the event.
✔️ He recalls having been helped by her.

#Grammar

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✍ Expressing Imminent Actions or Feelings:

These phrases indicate that something is going to happen soon.

✅ I'm about to [verb]
Example: I'm about to leave for work.

✅ I'm on the verge of [verb]-ing
Example: I'm on the verge of crying.

✅ I'm just about to [verb]
Example: I'm just about to finish my homework.

✅ I'm on the brink of [verb]-ing
Example: I'm on the brink of giving up.

✅ I'm seconds away from [verb]-ing
Example: I'm seconds away from winning the game.


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Allah knows exactly what He is doing...✨


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Phone Call Phrasal Verbs ☎️📞

1. Call back: To return a phone call.
Ex: I'll call you back in an hour.

2. Hang up: To end a phone call.
Ex: She hang up before I could say goodbye.

3. Pick up: To answer a phone call.
Ex: I called her, but she didn't pick up.

4. Ring up: To call someone on the phone.
Ex: I'll ring you up later to discuss the details.

5. Get through: To successfully connect to someone on the phone.
Ex: I tried calling but couldn't get through.

6. Cut off: To have a phone call interrupted.
Ex: We were talking when we got cut off.

7. Hold on: To wait on the phone.
Ex: Please hold on while I transfer your call.

8. Put through: To connect someone to the person they want to speak to.
Ex: Could you put me through to the manager?

9. Call up: To make a phone call.
Ex: I need to call up the doctor for an appointment.

10. Hang on: To wait for a moment.
Ex: Hang on, I'll check if he's available.


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Idiom

❇️ Caught Between a Rock and a Hard Place

👉 To be in a difficult situation where there are two equally unpleasant or unfavorable options.

در وضعیت دشواری قرار گرفتن که دو گزینه‌ی ناگوار و ناخوشایند وجود دارد.

Examples:

✅ After the argument, he was caught between a rock and a hard place, as he didn't want to upset either of his friends.

✅ The manager was caught between a rock and a hard place when choosing between increasing prices or cutting costs to keep the business profitable.


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✍ Idiom

بجای "I don't agree" اینو بگو:

✅ I beg to differ!
موافق نیستم!


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✍ Practical point ‼️

How come
چی شد که...

Examples:
✅ How come you didn't call me back?
چی شد که به من زنگ نزدی؟

✅ How come you changed your mind?
چی شد که نظرت عوض شد؟

✅ How come you weren't at the party last night?
چی شد که دیشب در مهمانی نبودی؟

✅ How come you're upset?
چی شد که ناراحتی؟

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Practical sentences! 🔥🫰

✅ You are my age!
همسن منی!

✅ We are the same age!
ما هم سنیم!

✅ Act your age!
مطابق سنت رفتار کن!

✅ I'm pushing 30!
در آستانه سی سالگی ام!

✅ You can pass for 30!
بهت میخوره سی سالت باشه!

✅ How old are you turning?
داره چند سالت میشه؟

✅ I'm turning 30!
داره سی سالم میشه!

✅ You haven't aged a day!
خیلی خوب موندی!

✅ You don't look your age!
اصلا این سن بهت نمیاد!



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🔴 Replace these basic words with advanced alternatives!!!


🌺 Please → I'd appreciate if...
Ex: (please) I'd appreciate if you could send me the email by tomorrow morning.

🌺 Small → Minute
Ex: The font is so (small) minute to read.

🌺 Big → Massive
Ex: We witnessed a (big) massive tree being uprooted by the strong winds.

🌺 Nice → Amiable
Ex: She was always very (nice) amiable to everyone she met.

🌺 Smart → Astute
Ex: She always comes up with (smart) astute solutions to complex problems.

🌺 Happy → Elated
Ex: She was (happy) elated when she heard the good news.

🌺 Sad → Melancholy
Ex: He felt a deep sense of (sadness) melancholy after the loss of his pet.

🌺 Scared → Petrified
Ex: She was (scared) petrified of the dark alley.

🌺 Boring → Mundane
Ex: He found the repetitive tasks at work (boring) mundane.

🌺 Angry → Irked
Ex: He was (angry) irked by the constant noise from the construction site.

🌺 Brave → Courageous
Ex: The firefighter was (brave) courageous in rescuing the child from the fire.

🌺 Easy → Effortless
Ex: She made the complex task look (easy) effortless.

🌺 Old → Antiquated
Ex: The technology they were using was (old) antiquated and needed an upgrade.

🌺 New → Novel
Ex: The scientist proposed a (new) novel approach to solving the problem.

🌺 Cheap → Inexpensive
Ex: They found an (cheap) inexpensive place to stay during their trip.

🌺 Expensive → Costly
Ex: The repairs turned out to be more (expensive) costly than anticipated.

#Vocab
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