🖥 Cybersecurity Roadmap 2024

🖥 100 Web Vulnerabilities, categorized into various types : 😀

⚡️ Injection Vulnerabilities:
1. SQL Injection (SQLi)
2. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
3. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
4. Remote Code Execution (RCE)
5. Command Injection
6. XML Injection
7. LDAP Injection
8. XPath Injection
9. HTML Injection
10. Server-Side Includes (SSI) Injection
11. OS Command Injection
12. Blind SQL Injection
13. Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI)

⚡️ Broken Authentication and Session Management:
14. Session Fixation
15. Brute Force Attack
16. Session Hijacking
17. Password Cracking
18. Weak Password Storage
19. Insecure Authentication
20. Cookie Theft
21. Credential Reuse

⚡️ Sensitive Data Exposure:
22. Inadequate Encryption
23. Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR)
24. Data Leakage
25. Unencrypted Data Storage
26. Missing Security Headers
27. Insecure File Handling

⚡️ Security Misconfiguration:
28. Default Passwords
29. Directory Listing
30. Unprotected API Endpoints
31. Open Ports and Services
32. Improper Access Controls
33. Information Disclosure
34. Unpatched Software
35. Misconfigured CORS
36. HTTP Security Headers Misconfiguration

⚡️ XML-Related Vulnerabilities:
37. XML External Entity (XXE) Injection
38. XML Entity Expansion (XEE)
39. XML Bomb

⚡️ Broken Access Control:
40. Inadequate Authorization
41. Privilege Escalation
42. Insecure Direct Object References
43. Forceful Browsing
44. Missing Function-Level Access Control

⚡️ Insecure Deserialization:
45. Remote Code Execution via Deserialization
46. Data Tampering
47. Object Injection

⚡️ API Security Issues:
48. Insecure API Endpoints
49. API Key Exposure
50. Lack of Rate Limiting
51. Inadequate Input Validation

⚡️ Insecure Communication:
52. Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attack
53. Insufficient Transport Layer Security
54. Insecure SSL/TLS Configuration
55. Insecure Communication Protocols

⚡️ Client-Side Vulnerabilities:
56. DOM-based XSS
57. Insecure Cross-Origin Communication
58. Browser Cache Poisoning
59. Clickjacking
60. HTML5 Security Issues

⚡️ Denial of Service (DoS):
61. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
62. Application Layer DoS
63. Resource Exhaustion
64. Slowloris Attack
65. XML Denial of Service

⚡️ Other Web Vulnerabilities:
66. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
67. HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP)
68. Insecure Redirects and Forwards
69. File Inclusion Vulnerabilities
70. Security Header Bypass
71. Clickjacking
72. Inadequate Session Timeout
73. Insufficient Logging and Monitoring
74. Business Logic Vulnerabilities
75. API Abuse

⚡️ Mobile Web Vulnerabilities:
76. Insecure Data Storage on Mobile Devices
77. Insecure Data Transmission on Mobile Devices
78. Insecure Mobile API Endpoints
79. Mobile App Reverse Engineering

⚡️ IoT Web Vulnerabilities:
80. Insecure IoT Device Management
81. Weak Authentication on IoT Devices
82. IoT Device Vulnerabilities

⚡️ Web of Things (WoT) Vulnerabilities:
83. Unauthorized Access to Smart Homes
84. IoT Data Privacy Issues

⚡️ Authentication Bypass:
85. Insecure "Remember Me" Functionality
86. CAPTCHA Bypass

⚡️ Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF):
87. Blind SSR
88. Time-Based Blind SSRF

⚡️ Content Spoofing:
89. MIME Sniffing
90. X-Content-Type-Options Bypass
91. Content Security Policy (CSP) Bypass

⚡️ Business Logic Flaws:
92. Inconsistent Validation
93. Race Conditions
94. Order Processing Vulnerabilities
95. Price Manipulation
96. Account Enumeration
97. User-Based Flaws

⚡️ Zero-Day Vulnerabilities:
98. Unknown Vulnerabilities
99. Unpatched Vulnerabilities
100. Day-Zero Exploits

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7. Linux Journey
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10. Linux Command
11. Ryan’s Tutorials
12. Linux Handbook
13. Linux FoundationX
14. LabEx Linux For Noobs
15. Guru99 Linux Tutorial Summary
16. Conquering the command line
17. Intellipat Linux Tutorial for Beginners
18. The Debian Administrators Handbook

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What is a Birthday Attack? 🎂🔓

In cryptography, a birthday collision attack is a phenomenon where two different pieces of data end up with the same hash value. Here's a simple analogy to make it clear:

Imagine you’re in a room with 23 people. You might think it’s unlikely for two people to have the same birthday, but in reality, there's about a 50% chance! This surprising result is known as the birthday paradox. 🍰

Similarly, in the world of cryptography, a birthday collision happens when two different messages produce the same hash value much sooner than you'd expect. 🔓

This can be a vulnerability because it allows attackers to find two distinct inputs that hash to the same output, potentially causing security breaches. ⚠

To safeguard against such attacks, it's important to use cryptographic algorithms with a large hash size, making collisions extremely rare and difficult to achieve.

COMPLETE BUG BOUNTY TOOL LIST

dnscan https://github.com/rbsec/dnscan

Knockpy https://github.com/guelfoweb/knock

Sublist3r https://github.com/aboul3la/Sublist3r

massdns https://github.com/blechschmidt/massdns

nmap https://nmap.org

masscan https://github.com/robertdavidgraham/masscan

EyeWitness https://github.com/ChrisTruncer/EyeWitness

DirBuster https://sourceforge.net/projects/dirbuster/

dirsearch https://github.com/maurosoria/dirsearch

Gitrob https://github.com/michenriksen/gitrob

git-secrets https://github.com/awslabs/git-secrets

sandcastle https://github.com/yasinS/sandcastle

bucketfinder https://digi.ninja/projects/bucket\finder.php

GoogD0rker https://github.com/ZephrFish/GoogD0rker/

Wayback Machine https://web.archive.org

waybackurls https://gist.github.com/mhmdiaa/adf6bff70142e5091792841d4b372050

Sn1per https://github.com/1N3/Sn1per/

XRay https://github.com/evilsocket/xray

wfuzz https://github.com/xmendez/wfuzz/

patator https://github.com/lanjelot/patator

datasploit https://github.com/DataSploit/datasploit

hydra https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra

changeme https://github.com/ztgrace/changeme

MobSF https://github.com/MobSF/Mobile-Security-Framework-MobSF/

Apktool https://github.com/iBotPeaches/Apktool

dex2jar https://sourceforge.net/projects/dex2jar/

sqlmap http://sqlmap.org/

oxmlxxe https://github.com/BuffaloWill/oxml\xxe/

XXE Injector https://github.com/enjoiz/XXEinjector

The JSON Web Token Toolkit https://github.com/ticarpi/jwt_tool

ground-control https://github.com/jobertabma/ground-control

ssrfDetector https://github.com/JacobReynolds/ssrfDetector

LFISuit https://github.com/D35m0nd142/LFISuite

GitTools https://github.com/internetwache/GitTools

dvcs-ripper https://github.com/kost/dvcs-ripper

tko-subs https://github.com/anshumanbh/tko-subs

HostileSubBruteforcer https://github.com/nahamsec/HostileSubBruteforcer

Race the Web https://github.com/insp3ctre/race-the-web

ysoserial https://github.com/GoSecure/ysoserial

PHPGGC https://github.com/ambionics/phpggc

CORStest https://github.com/RUB-NDS/CORStest

retire-js https://github.com/RetireJS/retire.js

getsploit https://github.com/vulnersCom/getsploit

Findsploit https://github.com/1N3/Findsploit

bfac https://github.com/mazen160/bfac

WPScan https://wpscan.org/

CMSMap https://github.com/Dionach/CMSmap

Amass https://github.com/OWASP/Amass

Extra Tools
http://projectdiscovery.io

Useful Run Commands Every Windows User Should Know

Press Win + R on your ⌨️ to open the Run dialog box and enter any of 👇 commands to access the respective tool.

🔹 "." -  the user's folder.
🔹 ".." - user folder.
🔹 "control" - control panel.
🔹 "msconfig" - system configuration parameters.
🔹 "appwiz.cpl" - programs and components.
🔹 "cleanmgr" - a disk cleaning utility.
🔹 "resmon" - resource monitor.
🔹 "calc", "notepad", "mspaint" - calculator, notepad and paint.
🔹 "main.cpl" - mouse parameters.
🔹 "mstsc" - remote desktop.
🔹 "msinfo32" - system information.
🔹 wab  - Contacts.
🔹 dccw - Display Color Calibration.
🔹 desk.cpl - Display Settings.

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✨ The answer is: 042

Roadmap to learn Network Engineering

Here's a comprehensive guide to mastering the essential skills and knowledge areas:

1. Networking Fundamentals: OSI model, TCP/IP model, and networking devices (routers, switches, hubs, bridges).

2. Network Protocols: Core protocols (TCP, UDP, IP), application layer protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, DNS, DHCP), and additional protocols (SNMP, ICMP, ARP).

3. Routing and Switching: Routing protocols (OSPF, EIGRP, BGP), switching concepts (VLANs, STP, trunking), and routing techniques.

4. Network Design and Architecture: Network topologies (star, mesh, bus, ring), design principles (redundancy, scalability, reliability), and network types (LAN,
WAN, MAN, WLAN, VLAN).

5. Network Security: Firewalls, VPNs, ACLs, security protocols (SSL/TLS, IPSec), and best practices.

6. Wireless Networking: Wireless standards (IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax), wireless security (WPA2, WPA3), and network design.

7. Cloud Networking: Cloud services (VPC, Direct Connect, VPN), hybrid cloud Networking, and cloud providers (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud).

8. Network Automation and Scripting: Network programmability, automation techniques, and noscripting (Python, Bash, PowerShell).

9. Monitoring and Troubleshooting: Network monitoring, troubleshooting techniques (ping, traceroute, network diagrams), and performance monitoring (NetFlow, SNMP).

10. Virtualization and Container Networking: Virtual network functions (NFV), software-defined networking (SDN), and container networking (Docker, Kubernetes).

11. Certifications: Entry-level (CompTIA Network+, Cisco CCNA), professional-level (Cisco CCNP, Juniper JNCIP), advanced-level (Cisco CCIE, VMware VCP-NV).

18 web-application hacking tools:

1. Burp Suite - Framework.
2. ZAP Proxy - Framework.
3. Dirsearch - HTTP bruteforcing.
4. Nmap - Port scanning.
5. Sublist3r - Subdomain discovery.
6. Amass - Subdomain discovery.
7. SQLmap - SQLi exploitation.
8. Metasploit - Framework.
9. WPscan - WordPress exploitation.
10. Nikto - Webserver scanning.
11. HTTPX - HTTP probing.
12. Nuclei - YAML based template scanning.
13. FFUF - HTTP probing.
14. Subfinder - Subdomain discovery.
15. Masscan - Mass IP and port scanner.
16. Lazy Recon - Subdomain discovery.
17. XSS Hunter - Blind XSS discovery.
18. Aquatone - HTTP based recon.

30 Tips how to use OSINT for bug hunting:

1. Use Google Dorks to find vulnerabilities in web applications.
2. Use Shodan to find vulnerable IoT devices.
3. Use Whois to find information about domain names.
4. Use Maltego to visualize relationships between entities.
5. Use the Wayback Machine to find old versions of websites.
6. Use social media to gather information about targets.
7. Use LinkedIn to gather information about employees.
8. Use GitHub to find sensitive information in code repositories.
9. Use Google Alerts to monitor for mentions of your target.
10. Use DNSDumpster to map out a target's infrastructure.
11. Use Recon-ng to automate OSINT tasks.
12. Use theHarvester to gather email addresses and other information.
13. Use SpiderFoot to automate OSINT tasks and gather intelligence.
14. Use FOCA (Fingerprinting Organizations with Collected Archives) to gather metadata from documents.
15. Use VirusTotal to scan files for malware.
16. Use Censys to find vulnerable systems on the internet.
17. Use Foca Pro to extract metadata from documents and analyze it.
18. Use FOCA Online to extract metadata from documents and analyze it in the cloud.
19. Use FOCA Free Edition for basic metadata extraction from documents.
20. Use Metagoofil to extract metadata from documents and analyze it.
21. Use Datasploit for automated OSINT tasks and data mining.
22. Use Google Hacking Database (GHDB) for advanced Google searches.
23. Use Google Custom Search Engine (CSE) for targeted searches on specific websites or domains.
24. Use Google Advanced Search for advanced searches on Google.
25. Use Google Trends to monitor trends related to your target or industry.
26. Use Google Analytics to gather information about website traffic and user behavior.
27. Use Google AdWords Keyword Planner for keyword research related to your target or industry.
28. Use Google PageSpeed Insights to analyze website performance and identify vulnerabilities.
29. Use Google Search Console (formerly Webmaster Tools) for website analytics and vulnerability identification.
30. Use Google My Business for local SEO optimization.

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1. Think Before Clicking: Be careful with links, especially in emails and messages, as they could be traps set by hackers.

2. Strong and Unique Passwords: Use different passwords for each account and make them strong by mixing uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and symbols.

3. Password Manager: Use a password manager to keep track of all your passwords securely.

4. Two-factor Authentication (2FA): Add extra layers of security, like codes or fingerprints, to your login process.

5. Stay Updated with CERT-In: Keep an eye on CERT-In updates to stay informed about cybersecurity threats.

6. Keep Software Updated: Regularly update your software, browsers, and operating systems to patch vulnerabilities.

7. Use Firewalls and Anti-viruses: Protect your systems from various cyber threats like malware and viruses by using updated anti-virus software and firewalls.

8. Avoid Online Debit Card Use: When making online transactions, avoid using cards directly linked to your bank account for added security. Opt for safer payment methods like PayPal or credit cards.

9. Learn About Phishing Attacks: Be wary of phishing emails or messages that trick you into giving away personal information. Avoid clicking on suspicious links or opening attachments from unknown senders.

10. Avoid Unfamiliar Websites: Be cautious when visiting new websites, especially those shared by unknown sources, as they could contain harmful malware.

11. Avoid Useless Downloads: Limit downloads to essential software and browser extensions. Always opt for custom installations and decline any additional add-ons during the process.

12. Stay Cautious on Social Media: Limit the amount of personal information shared on social media platforms to prevent hackers from accessing sensitive data.

13. Regularly Backup Your Data: Create backups of your files and network data to mitigate loss from cyber attacks or data breaches.

14. Use VPN on Public WiFi: When using public WiFi, use a Virtual Private Network (VPN) to encrypt your device's traffic and enhance security against hackers.

15. Secure Your Data: Stay vigilant and educated about cybersecurity threats to safeguard your personal data and systems. Consider enrolling in a cybersecurity program to deepen your understanding of this field.

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Starting a career in ethical hacking is a thrilling journey into the world of cybersecurity. As you grow in this field, you may find yourself drawn to various specialized areas:

• Penetration Testing: If you enjoy simulating cyberattacks to uncover vulnerabilities, focusing on penetration testing could be your next step, helping organizations strengthen their defenses.

• Red Teaming: If you’re excited about playing the role of an adversary to test an organization's security, diving into red teaming might be your calling, where you’ll use advanced techniques to challenge security systems.

• Cybersecurity Consultancy: If you’re passionate about advising companies on how to protect their assets, transitioning to a cybersecurity consultant role could be a great fit, providing expert guidance on best practices and risk management.

• Incident Response: If you're interested in detecting and responding to security breaches, specializing in incident response could be the path for you, helping organizations mitigate damage during and after cyberattacks.

• Forensics: If you're intrigued by investigating cybercrimes, digital forensics might be the right specialization, where you'll gather and analyze digital evidence to solve security incidents.

Even if you stick with ethical hacking, there’s always something new to learn, especially with the ever-evolving tactics and tools used by cybercriminals.

The key is to stay curious and keep honing your skills. Every step you take in ethical hacking opens up new avenues to protect and secure the digital world.

Here are 30 cybersecurity search engines:

1. Dehashed—View leaked credentials.
2. SecurityTrails—Extensive DNS data.
3. DorkSearch—Really fast Google dorking.
4. ExploitDB—Archive of various exploits.
5. ZoomEye—Gather information about targets.
6. Pulsedive—Search for threat intelligence.
7. GrayHatWarefare—Search public S3 buckets.
8. PolySwarm—Scan files and URLs for threats.
9. Fofa—Search for various threat intelligence.
10. LeakIX—Search publicly indexed information.
11. DNSDumpster—Search for DNS records quickly.
13. FullHunt—Search and discovery attack surfaces.
14. AlienVault—Extensive threat intelligence feed.
12. ONYPHE—Collects cyber-threat intelligence data.
15. Grep App—Search across a half million git repos.
17. URL Scan—Free service to scan and analyse websites.
18. Vulners—Search vulnerabilities in a large database.
19. WayBackMachine—View content from deleted websites.
16. Shodan—Search for devices connected to the internet.
21. Netlas—Search and monitor internet connected assets.
22. CRT sh—Search for certs that have been logged by CT.
20. Wigle—Database of wireless networks, with statistics.
23. PublicWWW—Marketing and affiliate marketing research.
24. Binary Edge—Scans the internet for threat intelligence.
25. GreyNoise—Search for devices connected to the internet.
26. Hunter—Search for email addresses belonging to a website.
27. Censys—Assessing attack surface for internet connected devices.
28. IntelligenceX—Search Tor, I2P, data leaks, domains, and emails.
29. Packet Storm Security—Browse latest vulnerabilities and exploits.
30. SearchCode—Search 75 billion lines of code from 40 million projects.

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