Bitte, weniger BULLSHIT! 🥶 != ☠️ und es hängt ab "wer?", "warum?", etc.

Although cold waves are more frequently reported in EM-DAT, heat waves were the major cause of temperature-related deaths in Europe and the Russian Federation.

Human mortality from extreme heat and cold https://perma.cc/9NKA-VYCN
With 3°C global warming in 2100, 90,000 Europeans could die from extreme heat annually. With 1.5°C global warming this is reduced to 30,000 deaths annually.

Please note that the vertical scale for reported fatalities for heatwaves and cold wave is different.

Die Übersterblichkeit im Frühling 2020 sowie im Herbst/Winter 2020/2021 als auch im Win- ter 2021/2022 ist zweifelsfrei auf die Covid-19-Pandemie zurückzuführen.

Sommer 2019 z.B. 146 - 918 (= -29 und -455)
Winter 2018 z.B. 175 - 1373

In Übereinstimmung mit zahlreichen in der Literatur beschriebenen Untersuchungen findet sich bei der Gesamtgruppe der Rostocker Suizidenten eine jahreszeitliche Verteilung mit einem Suizidhoch im Frühling.

Bei den Frauen liegt im Frühling das Häufigkeitstief der Suizidverteilung vor, die höchste Suizidrate zeigt sich im Sommer gefolgt von einem zweiten Hoch im Herbst.

Bei den Männern korrelieren niedrige Temperaturen am Ereignistag mit einer
höheren Suizidrate.

In der Altersgruppe der unter 20Jährigen ergeben sich die meisten Suizide bei wenig
Sonnenschein.

Starker Niederschlag über die letzten fünf Tage senkt die Suizidrate.

Altersgruppe der über 60 Jährigen: Die meisten Suizide ereigneten sich bei einer mittleren täglichen Sonnenscheindauer
von ca. 1,5- 4h in den letzten fünf Tagen.

aus der Doktorarbeit von Lutz Liese

Warum im Winter mehr Menschen sterben https://perma.cc/9WLL-RK9C

In welchem Monat sterben die meisten Menschen? https://perma.cc/9B6J-E2YV

Todesfälle https://perma.cc/LE87-RALH

Sterblichkeit https://perma.cc/9AW8-BWXA

Lebenserwartung https://perma.cc/GEW8-68JT

Sterblichkeit, Todesursachen https://perma.cc/Q2UQ-9JXH

Spezifische Todesursachen https://perma.cc/7HYG-YHQQ

Cold-related deaths have been noted for centuries.

The results show that the percentage increases in all-cause and RD mortality with fall in temperature were greater, and that protective measures against a given degree of cold were fewer, in regions with mild winters.

Although we know that the middle-aged and elderly should wear protective clothing and keep active in cold weather outdoors, our surveys show that in relatively warm countries they often fail to do so.

As recently described by Fowler et al.,22 the EWD index (EWDi) is calculated by comparing the number of deaths that occur in:
† the 4 months of winter (these are pre-designated as December–March in the Northern hemisphere);
† the four autumn months preceding that winter (August– November)
† the four spring months following on from that winter (April – July)

Several known effects of cold on the body could account for cold-related deaths. Arterial thrombosis is promoted by the haemoconcentration3,4 induced by cold, and rapid coronary deaths could result from rupture of atheromatous plaques during hypertension and cold- induced coronary spasm.5–8,22

Suppression of immune responses by stress hormones during cold exposure is likely to reduce resistance to respiratory infection, as will direct effects of cold on the respiratory tract;23,24 these direct effects could also cause bronchoconstriction.25

Acute-phase reactions to such respiratory infection13,14 can then be expected to increase further the risk of arterial thrombosis. The results do not rule out other factors such as previous temperature experience, or low vitamin C intake in winter.26,27

However, the associations shown in the results between mortality and protection against cold stress strongly suggest that excess winter mortality could be reduced substantially by improved protection from cold—particularly in countries with warm winters where the need for cold-avoidance was less obvious, and measures taken against it less effective.

(index) Heating degree days (HDDs)