Arnold Toynbee(British Historian/Philosopher) on the emergence of the Divine right of kings into Western understanding. Without it the Roman/Medieval age was impossible.

Monarchy once served as a prevention against oligarchy & the corrupting power of money. A lesson from 17th c. England:

The parliamentarian Cromwell did more damage to Ireland in a few years than did centuries of English monarchy. One ought to remember that.

The '8 Pillars for the just king', composed by Sedulius Scotus for Charles the Bald, focused on the spiritual formation of Christian rulers.

"I go from a corruptible, to an incorruptible crown." Charles I died for his vision of sacred kingship at the hands of jealous oligarchs.

'Kingly rule alone can keep alive in a scoffing and licentious age the spirit of ancient loyalty..' - Archbishop of Tuam, 1909 Brian Boru - Former High King of Ireland pictured.

O'Connell Street, Dublin, circa 1960. #Dublin

College Green, early 1960's. #Dublin #Ireland

College Green, Dublin, 1890-1900. #Dublin

Statue of William III on College Green, May 1890. It was one of Dublin's finest equestrian staues until bombed in 1928. #Dublin