University of New Hampshire: In both the West Bank and Gaza Strip, we have found that Israeli control over infrastructure, construction, land use and movement undermines civilian welfare even as these effects are ‘walled o ’—literally and in public discourse—from the Israeli public and, increasingly, from the international community. Our findings show how the systematic targeting of the water, energy and agriculture sectors is an important feature of the evolving ‘occupation regime’ that directly undermines the ability of Palestinians to stay in place. Direct and indirect forms of targeting have persisted and intensi ed in the time period under consideration, helping to create a humanitarian crisis in Gaza and a fragmented, donor-dependent series of encircled enclaves in the West Bank. Targeting infrastructures that support water and energy supplies, and agricultural and fishing livelihoods, has made Palestinian places increasingly less habitable and Palestinian civilian life increasingly precarious.
Limits on imports of fuel to Gaza led to court cases between human rights organizations and the Israeli government. The Israeli HCJ ruled in three decisions between 2007 and 2008 that Israel could cut fuel supplies from previously estab- lished levels to those meeting only ‘essential humanitarian needs’.93 Human rights organizations argued that such decisions amounted to an illegal collective punishment, violating IHL, and also overlooked the fact that energy is essential to a functioning economy and ordinary civilian livelihoods
The relationship between Hamas and Israel, especially under Prime Minister Netanyahu, has remained fraught, with recurrent periods of violent conflict in 2008–2009, 2012, 2014 and 2018.
Limits on imports of fuel to Gaza led to court cases between human rights organizations and the Israeli government. The Israeli HCJ ruled in three decisions between 2007 and 2008 that Israel could cut fuel supplies from previously estab- lished levels to those meeting only ‘essential humanitarian needs’.93 Human rights organizations argued that such decisions amounted to an illegal collective punishment, violating IHL, and also overlooked the fact that energy is essential to a functioning economy and ordinary civilian livelihoods
The relationship between Hamas and Israel, especially under Prime Minister Netanyahu, has remained fraught, with recurrent periods of violent conflict in 2008–2009, 2012, 2014 and 2018.
The Israeli government designated Gaza as ‘hostile territory’ on 9 September 2007 and announced that it would follow only the laws of armed con ict, not those of occupation, vis-à-vis the Gaza Strip.80 As a result of the extensive targeting of civilian infrastructures during these periods of conflict, we argue, the civilian population of the Gaza Strip has increasingly been treated as a collective casualty of armed conflict.
The UN Human Rights Council (HRC) reported that in July and August 2014, 63 water facilities in Gaza were damaged and 23 completely destroyed, resulting in a significant loss of access to water for the population.84 Likewise, the HRC found that the war had damaged sewage facilities, including 60 per cent of the treatment plants, 27 per cent of the pumping stations and 33,000 metres of water and wastewater networks, affecting nearly one million people
Consequently, the UN found that ‘access to safe drinking water in Gaza through the public water network plummeted from 98.3 per cent in 2000 to a mere 10.5 per cent in 2014, compared to almost 97 per cent in the West Bank’
Since then, Gazans have relied on purchasing water from tankers, and in containers and bottles. Dependence on these sources, all of which are more expensive, increased from 1.4 per cent to 89.6 per cent in 2017, the burden falling disproportionately on the most vulnerable and poor; moreover, the quality of water is unregulated and of questionable standard
Humanitarian efforts to augment water supply are hampered by restrictions imposed by Israel and Egypt on the import of materials to support the construction of desalination plants, as discussed in more detail below
In efforts to halt the sustained targeting of agriculture, water and energy infrastructures, Israeli and Palestinian human rights and civil rights groups have frequently invoked provisions of IHL and international human rights law that apply to occupying powers regarding the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure
The UN Human Rights Council (HRC) reported that in July and August 2014, 63 water facilities in Gaza were damaged and 23 completely destroyed, resulting in a significant loss of access to water for the population.84 Likewise, the HRC found that the war had damaged sewage facilities, including 60 per cent of the treatment plants, 27 per cent of the pumping stations and 33,000 metres of water and wastewater networks, affecting nearly one million people
Consequently, the UN found that ‘access to safe drinking water in Gaza through the public water network plummeted from 98.3 per cent in 2000 to a mere 10.5 per cent in 2014, compared to almost 97 per cent in the West Bank’
Since then, Gazans have relied on purchasing water from tankers, and in containers and bottles. Dependence on these sources, all of which are more expensive, increased from 1.4 per cent to 89.6 per cent in 2017, the burden falling disproportionately on the most vulnerable and poor; moreover, the quality of water is unregulated and of questionable standard
Humanitarian efforts to augment water supply are hampered by restrictions imposed by Israel and Egypt on the import of materials to support the construction of desalination plants, as discussed in more detail below
In efforts to halt the sustained targeting of agriculture, water and energy infrastructures, Israeli and Palestinian human rights and civil rights groups have frequently invoked provisions of IHL and international human rights law that apply to occupying powers regarding the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure
We repost that, because of low quality with Telegram ...
Gaza conflict's environmental toll: A surge in carbon emissions
Gaza conflict's environmental toll: A surge in carbon emissions
The new research calculates that the carbon cost of rebuilding Gaza’s 100,000 damaged buildings using contemporary construction techniques will generate at least 30m metric tonnes of warming gases. This is on a par with New Zealand’s annual CO2 emissions and higher than 135 other countries and territories including Sri Lanka, Lebanon and Uruguay.
Climate consequences including sea level rise, drought and extreme heat were already threatening water supplies and food security in Palestine. The environmental situation in Gaza is now catastrophic, as much of the farmland, energy and water infrastructure has been destroyed or polluted, with devastating health implications probably for decades to come, experts have warned. Between 36% and 45% of Gaza’s buildings – homes, schools, mosques, hospitals, shops – have so far been destroyed or damaged, and construction is a major driver of global heating.
Building Israel’s iron wall, which runs 65km along most of its border with Gaza and features surveillance cameras, underground sensors, razor wire, a 20ft high metal fence and large concrete barriers, contributed almost 274,000 tonnes of CO2. This is almost on par with the entire 2022 emissions by Central African Republic, one of the most climate vulnerable countries in the world.
By 4 December, at least 200 American cargo flights were reported to have delivered 10,000 tonnes of military equipment to Israel. The study found that the flights guzzled around 50m litres of aviation fuel, spewing an estimated 133,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere – more than the entire island of Grenada last year https://perma.cc/UKE9-M7RP
Climate consequences including sea level rise, drought and extreme heat were already threatening water supplies and food security in Palestine. The environmental situation in Gaza is now catastrophic, as much of the farmland, energy and water infrastructure has been destroyed or polluted, with devastating health implications probably for decades to come, experts have warned. Between 36% and 45% of Gaza’s buildings – homes, schools, mosques, hospitals, shops – have so far been destroyed or damaged, and construction is a major driver of global heating.
Building Israel’s iron wall, which runs 65km along most of its border with Gaza and features surveillance cameras, underground sensors, razor wire, a 20ft high metal fence and large concrete barriers, contributed almost 274,000 tonnes of CO2. This is almost on par with the entire 2022 emissions by Central African Republic, one of the most climate vulnerable countries in the world.
By 4 December, at least 200 American cargo flights were reported to have delivered 10,000 tonnes of military equipment to Israel. The study found that the flights guzzled around 50m litres of aviation fuel, spewing an estimated 133,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere – more than the entire island of Grenada last year https://perma.cc/UKE9-M7RP
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Well Israel, near destroying building, YOU ARE GENERATING ECOCIDE AND CO2!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/StopEcocideTelegram
As the largest energy consumer & CO2 emitter, the construction industry consumes 40% of the global energy consumption, while 45% of the worldwide CO2 emissions are generated by the construction industry.
The average CO2e emissions for each artillery round used in this context is ap- proximately 1.4 tonnes resulting in approximately 2.59 million tonnes CO2e.
According to the most recent data available for UNFCCC, 448.03 kilotonnes CO2 is generated by 140 kilotonnes of fuel. Thus, total fuel consumption by Israel’s war on Gaza is estimated at 1.92 million tonnes CO2e, so far.
The vast majority (over 99%) of the 281,000 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2 equivalent) estimated to have been generated in the first 60 days following the 7.10 Hamas attack can be attributed to Israel’s aerial bombardment and ground invasion of Gaza, according to a first-of-its-kind analysis by researchers in the UK & US https://perma.cc/UKE9-M7RP
More than 5% of global emissions are linked to conflict or militaries but countries continue to hide the true scale https://perma.cc/J7AN-YBUA
This study examined the trends of CO2 emitted from traffic vehicles and investigated the current climatic changes in Gaza City. The results show that CO2 levels exceeded the international agreeable limit of 350 ppm at most of the monitoring sites where the CO2 concentrations ranged from 291 to 608 ppm.
The continuous increase of CO2 concentration in Gaza, beyond the international limit of 350 ppm, due to traffic emissions has a great potential for climatic change elements, where the trends of temperature in the last two decades showed an increase of 0.4oC (El-Kadi 2005). Ashour and Al Najar (2012) have found that the temperature increase in Gaza reached up to 1oC. One of the main challenges of the micro-climate change in Gaza is the decrease in rainfall as it was observed that rainfall has decreased by 63.8% in North Gaza since 1995.
https://news.1rj.ru/str/StopEcocideTelegram
As the largest energy consumer & CO2 emitter, the construction industry consumes 40% of the global energy consumption, while 45% of the worldwide CO2 emissions are generated by the construction industry.
The average CO2e emissions for each artillery round used in this context is ap- proximately 1.4 tonnes resulting in approximately 2.59 million tonnes CO2e.
According to the most recent data available for UNFCCC, 448.03 kilotonnes CO2 is generated by 140 kilotonnes of fuel. Thus, total fuel consumption by Israel’s war on Gaza is estimated at 1.92 million tonnes CO2e, so far.
The vast majority (over 99%) of the 281,000 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2 equivalent) estimated to have been generated in the first 60 days following the 7.10 Hamas attack can be attributed to Israel’s aerial bombardment and ground invasion of Gaza, according to a first-of-its-kind analysis by researchers in the UK & US https://perma.cc/UKE9-M7RP
More than 5% of global emissions are linked to conflict or militaries but countries continue to hide the true scale https://perma.cc/J7AN-YBUA
This study examined the trends of CO2 emitted from traffic vehicles and investigated the current climatic changes in Gaza City. The results show that CO2 levels exceeded the international agreeable limit of 350 ppm at most of the monitoring sites where the CO2 concentrations ranged from 291 to 608 ppm.
The continuous increase of CO2 concentration in Gaza, beyond the international limit of 350 ppm, due to traffic emissions has a great potential for climatic change elements, where the trends of temperature in the last two decades showed an increase of 0.4oC (El-Kadi 2005). Ashour and Al Najar (2012) have found that the temperature increase in Gaza reached up to 1oC. One of the main challenges of the micro-climate change in Gaza is the decrease in rainfall as it was observed that rainfall has decreased by 63.8% in North Gaza since 1995.
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Sorry WHAT?! We are doing a war for the entire world?
DO YOU KNOW THAT @MissionArctic @MissionAntartika @MisionFuture GIVE A SHIT TO YOUR WAR! Or better nope, they are interested, because what is happening there has an influence EVERYWHERE!
Other countries give a shit to what happens in your countries too, with the idea in the style "if we drop a nuclear bomb we would fix both issues"
Which obviously make no sense, since near all innocent death (= no those who want the war), there is just pollution and animal deaths ...
They probably prefer to see 10 people death in 🇮🇱 and 🇵🇸, than 200 🐻❄️ death in 🇦🇶 or 🇬🇱!!!!
Plus safe from what? We already said previously that Hamas has only something against you
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/410
Don't forget that even if they attacked 🇨🇭 and other, main goal was 🇮🇱 or to liberate 🇵🇸
https://news.1rj.ru/str/AviationCrimes
So a bit different compared to
https://news.1rj.ru/str/WestIsNext
and we have other terror attack too
https://news.1rj.ru/str/MuslimTerrorists/253
https://news.1rj.ru/str/MuslimTerrorists/101
https://news.1rj.ru/str/MuslimTerrorists/134
DO YOU KNOW THAT @MissionArctic @MissionAntartika @MisionFuture GIVE A SHIT TO YOUR WAR! Or better nope, they are interested, because what is happening there has an influence EVERYWHERE!
Other countries give a shit to what happens in your countries too, with the idea in the style "if we drop a nuclear bomb we would fix both issues"
Which obviously make no sense, since near all innocent death (= no those who want the war), there is just pollution and animal deaths ...
They probably prefer to see 10 people death in 🇮🇱 and 🇵🇸, than 200 🐻❄️ death in 🇦🇶 or 🇬🇱!!!!
Plus safe from what? We already said previously that Hamas has only something against you
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/410
Don't forget that even if they attacked 🇨🇭 and other, main goal was 🇮🇱 or to liberate 🇵🇸
https://news.1rj.ru/str/AviationCrimes
So a bit different compared to
https://news.1rj.ru/str/WestIsNext
and we have other terror attack too
https://news.1rj.ru/str/MuslimTerrorists/253
https://news.1rj.ru/str/MuslimTerrorists/101
https://news.1rj.ru/str/MuslimTerrorists/134
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No to racism ...Nein zu Rassismus...non au racisme...nee tegen racisme...no al razzismo
Backup by @IsraelInnocent
A @grttme project - Other backups: https://swiy.co/tgme
Backup by @IsraelInnocent
A @grttme project - Other backups: https://swiy.co/tgme
Our new update about AfD bullshit against Energiewende and "China is the main problem"
https://news.1rj.ru/str/EnergyFactsTelegram/942
to
https://news.1rj.ru/str/EnergyFactsTelegram/968
Previous related posts
https://news.1rj.ru/str/MissionPlaneta/55
https://news.1rj.ru/str/MissionPlaneta/54
https://news.1rj.ru/str/SciencePoliticalParty/64
https://news.1rj.ru/str/ElonMuskBullshit/174
https://news.1rj.ru/str/MissionPlaneta/43
etc.
More
https://news.1rj.ru/str/WorldWar3Facts
https://news.1rj.ru/str/WarPollution
https://news.1rj.ru/str/EnergiewendeDeuschland
https://news.1rj.ru/str/AmericaChinaWar
BECAUSE WORLD WAR 3 IS ALREADY STARTED YEARS AGO!
🤜🤜 https://news.1rj.ru/str/addlist/Sk-TekVpJhw2MzIx
🤜🤜 (2) https://news.1rj.ru/str/addlist/gLPMUCb5s6IwNTMx
It's time TO STOP TAKING EXCUSES!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/WorldWar3Facts/26
Because our nationality is EARTH!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarRights/1640
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarRights/1650
Not 🇵🇸 Palestine or 🇮🇱 Israel or whatever!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarRights/1607
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarRights/1584
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarAnimalRights/82
https://news.1rj.ru/str/EnergyFactsTelegram/942
to
https://news.1rj.ru/str/EnergyFactsTelegram/968
Previous related posts
https://news.1rj.ru/str/MissionPlaneta/55
https://news.1rj.ru/str/MissionPlaneta/54
https://news.1rj.ru/str/SciencePoliticalParty/64
https://news.1rj.ru/str/ElonMuskBullshit/174
https://news.1rj.ru/str/MissionPlaneta/43
etc.
More
https://news.1rj.ru/str/WorldWar3Facts
https://news.1rj.ru/str/WarPollution
https://news.1rj.ru/str/EnergiewendeDeuschland
https://news.1rj.ru/str/AmericaChinaWar
BECAUSE WORLD WAR 3 IS ALREADY STARTED YEARS AGO!
🤜🤜 https://news.1rj.ru/str/addlist/Sk-TekVpJhw2MzIx
🤜🤜 (2) https://news.1rj.ru/str/addlist/gLPMUCb5s6IwNTMx
It's time TO STOP TAKING EXCUSES!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/WorldWar3Facts/26
Because our nationality is EARTH!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarRights/1640
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarRights/1650
Not 🇵🇸 Palestine or 🇮🇱 Israel or whatever!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarRights/1607
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarRights/1584
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarAnimalRights/82