Per Capita CO2 emissions Israel
בשנים האחרונות, גילוים של מאגרי גז חדשים הפך את הים התיכון לזירה חמה של התרחשות פוליטית, כלכלית וצבאית: חיפושי גז ונפט הורחבו ותשתיות אנרגיה חדשות הוקמו, דוגמת מתקני הנזלה או תשתיות לצינורות גז. אלה הובילו לעלייה דרסטית בהוצאות הצבאיות במדינות המזרח-התיכון. הפיתוח הצבאי, ובמיוחד של חילות הים, הגביר את האיומים על החיים והשלום באזור הרגיש גם כך. פרויקט ה״איסט-מד״ לדוגמה, המיועד לשנע גז טבעי מישראל וקפריסין לשוק הגז האירופי, מסוכן לא רק בשל פליטות גזי החממה הצפויות שלו, אלא גם בשל השפעותיו הצבאיות האפשריות והחרפת המתחים האזוריים.
In recent years, the discovery of new gas reserves has turned the Mediterranean Sea into a hot scene of political, economic and military activity: gas and oil exploration has been expanded and new energy infrastructures have been established, such as liquefaction facilities or gas pipeline infrastructures. These led to a drastic increase in military spending in the Middle Eastern countries. The military development, and especially of the naval forces, increased the threats to life and peace in the sensitive region as well. For example, the "East Med" project, designed to transport natural gas from Israel and Cyprus to the European gas market, is dangerous not only due to its expected greenhouse gas emissions, but also due to its possible military effects and the worsening of regional tensions.
לפי ניתוח חמש מתוך שתיים-עשרה גופות הלוויתנים, סיבת המוות היא ככל הנראה תסחיף אוויר (gas embolism) שנגרם כתוצאה מטראומה אקוסטית. כל הלוויתנים היו במצב כללי טוב ועם קיבות מלאות, ולכן סיבת המוות לא יכולה להיות בעיה כרונית, מחלה או רעב. עם זאת, האיברים שנבחנו נראו מדממים ונמצאו בהם בועות של גזים, שנוצרו לדעת כותבי הדוח בשל שינוי בהרגלי הצלילה כתוצאה מניסיונם של הלוויתנים לברוח ממקור הרעש. עדות נוספת לטראומה אקוסטית היא דימום באזור הראש ותעלת האוזן. האיברים נלקחו לבדיקה מעמיקה יותר ותוצאותיה יפורסמו בנפרד.
According to the analysis of five of the twelve whale bodies, the cause of death is most likely a gas embolism caused by acoustic trauma https://perma.cc/PL2M-P25M
בשנים האחרונות, גילוים של מאגרי גז חדשים הפך את הים התיכון לזירה חמה של התרחשות פוליטית, כלכלית וצבאית: חיפושי גז ונפט הורחבו ותשתיות אנרגיה חדשות הוקמו, דוגמת מתקני הנזלה או תשתיות לצינורות גז. אלה הובילו לעלייה דרסטית בהוצאות הצבאיות במדינות המזרח-התיכון. הפיתוח הצבאי, ובמיוחד של חילות הים, הגביר את האיומים על החיים והשלום באזור הרגיש גם כך. פרויקט ה״איסט-מד״ לדוגמה, המיועד לשנע גז טבעי מישראל וקפריסין לשוק הגז האירופי, מסוכן לא רק בשל פליטות גזי החממה הצפויות שלו, אלא גם בשל השפעותיו הצבאיות האפשריות והחרפת המתחים האזוריים.
In recent years, the discovery of new gas reserves has turned the Mediterranean Sea into a hot scene of political, economic and military activity: gas and oil exploration has been expanded and new energy infrastructures have been established, such as liquefaction facilities or gas pipeline infrastructures. These led to a drastic increase in military spending in the Middle Eastern countries. The military development, and especially of the naval forces, increased the threats to life and peace in the sensitive region as well. For example, the "East Med" project, designed to transport natural gas from Israel and Cyprus to the European gas market, is dangerous not only due to its expected greenhouse gas emissions, but also due to its possible military effects and the worsening of regional tensions.
לפי ניתוח חמש מתוך שתיים-עשרה גופות הלוויתנים, סיבת המוות היא ככל הנראה תסחיף אוויר (gas embolism) שנגרם כתוצאה מטראומה אקוסטית. כל הלוויתנים היו במצב כללי טוב ועם קיבות מלאות, ולכן סיבת המוות לא יכולה להיות בעיה כרונית, מחלה או רעב. עם זאת, האיברים שנבחנו נראו מדממים ונמצאו בהם בועות של גזים, שנוצרו לדעת כותבי הדוח בשל שינוי בהרגלי הצלילה כתוצאה מניסיונם של הלוויתנים לברוח ממקור הרעש. עדות נוספת לטראומה אקוסטית היא דימום באזור הראש ותעלת האוזן. האיברים נלקחו לבדיקה מעמיקה יותר ותוצאותיה יפורסמו בנפרד.
According to the analysis of five of the twelve whale bodies, the cause of death is most likely a gas embolism caused by acoustic trauma https://perma.cc/PL2M-P25M
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Our comment to this video
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/661
obviously this channel / project has been created as reaction to this bullshit too, even if we shared things related to climate change already before we saw such video ...
Backup by @IsraelPollution
A @grttme project - Other backups: https://swiy.co/tgme
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/661
obviously this channel / project has been created as reaction to this bullshit too, even if we shared things related to climate change already before we saw such video ...
Backup by @IsraelPollution
A @grttme project - Other backups: https://swiy.co/tgme
This media is not supported in your browser
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
"You don't understand, why ...?"
Well, if a mother is saying that ... how can a kid learn properly from a mother, if the mother still hasn't understand the basic way to act by terrorists ... even if she has 🇮🇱 in her blood! so she know exactly the situation in 🇮🇱🇵🇸!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TerrorismTelegram/248
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/675
Ricarda Louk, you are old enough, so you have experienced all terroristic attacks after 2000 for sure! saying such things in 2023 make no sense anymore ... or you are 🧑🦯🙈 like most people or ...
No matter what, near probably this bullshit about "she is alive"
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/675
she is even discriminating animals, like we shared previously about newspapers
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/676
Terrorists ARE NOT half men or animals, they are simply TERRORISTS!
Conclusion: this death is really sad, but the whole story behind is pretty dirty and fake, probably full of propaganda ... but no newspaper is sharing such things, acting like "she is a poor innocent". Near the discrimination for all other people at festival, that get ignored by most people.
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TerrorismTelegram/248
There is no doubt, how she died is tragic and done by terrorists, but this is another point.
This is our last post about Shani, but it's important to understand and learn from this example.
Probably people will learn 0 and in few years same things will happens again. Like all people happy by saying "i will go to Morocco next week ..."
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TerrorismTelegram/237
Keep in mind that no just because something doesn't happen now, means this cannot happen tomorrow. If you ignore travel suggestions
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TravelAdviceTelegram
https://news.1rj.ru/str/SafeTravelTelegram
then it's your fault, like if you take 1g of potassium cyanide but then you complain "why i'm death????" or you continue to keep your blood glucose to high, even if you know exactly, that you have diabetes! Same for 🚬 and other things ...
Well, if a mother is saying that ... how can a kid learn properly from a mother, if the mother still hasn't understand the basic way to act by terrorists ... even if she has 🇮🇱 in her blood! so she know exactly the situation in 🇮🇱🇵🇸!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TerrorismTelegram/248
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/675
Ricarda Louk, you are old enough, so you have experienced all terroristic attacks after 2000 for sure! saying such things in 2023 make no sense anymore ... or you are 🧑🦯🙈 like most people or ...
No matter what, near probably this bullshit about "she is alive"
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/675
she is even discriminating animals, like we shared previously about newspapers
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/676
Terrorists ARE NOT half men or animals, they are simply TERRORISTS!
Conclusion: this death is really sad, but the whole story behind is pretty dirty and fake, probably full of propaganda ... but no newspaper is sharing such things, acting like "she is a poor innocent". Near the discrimination for all other people at festival, that get ignored by most people.
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TerrorismTelegram/248
There is no doubt, how she died is tragic and done by terrorists, but this is another point.
This is our last post about Shani, but it's important to understand and learn from this example.
Probably people will learn 0 and in few years same things will happens again. Like all people happy by saying "i will go to Morocco next week ..."
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TerrorismTelegram/237
Keep in mind that no just because something doesn't happen now, means this cannot happen tomorrow. If you ignore travel suggestions
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TravelAdviceTelegram
https://news.1rj.ru/str/SafeTravelTelegram
then it's your fault, like if you take 1g of potassium cyanide but then you complain "why i'm death????" or you continue to keep your blood glucose to high, even if you know exactly, that you have diabetes! Same for 🚬 and other things ...
רעלים נמכרים ללא פיקוח וללא אכיפה, ובעלי חיים נדירים משלמים בחייהם
= Poisons are sold without supervision and without enforcement, and rare animals pay with their lives https://perma.cc/4VFN-6B6C
בכל שנה מורעלות מאות חיות בר בשל ניסיונות של חקלאים להרחיק חיות הפוגעות בגידולים או טורפות בקר. אכיפה לקויה מאפשרת לכל אדם להיכנס לחנות ולקנות רעלים, וכך אוכלוסיית הנשרים בישראל מתקרבת לסף הכחדה
Every year, hundreds of wild animals are poisoned due to attempts by farmers to keep away animals that damage crops or prey on cattle. Poor enforcement allows anyone to enter a store and buy poisons, and thus the population of eagles in Israel is approaching the brink of extinction
עוצרים את ההרעלות: עצומה לתיקון לחוק הגנת חיות הבר.
= Stopping the poisonings: a petition to amend the law on the protection of wild animals https://perma.cc/2KDC-LHCH
THIS IS ISRAEL! but no body is telling you that ... because everyone is giving a shit to animals
אלפי חיות בר מורעלות בזדון בידי חקלאים
= Thousands of wild animals are maliciously poisoned by farmers https://perma.cc/2PPH-QNEB
"מאות מליוני בעלי חיים מנוצלים, משועבדים ונרצחים על ידי בני אדם בישראל מדי שנה", אומרת אתי אלטמן מעמותת "תנו לחיות לחיות". "הזוועות שמבוצעות בבעלי חיים אלו מתרחשות על פי רוב הרחק מהעין הציבורית, אבל ממומנות על ידי הציבור הרחב, או נעשות בשמו ובשם ההתעלמות והאדישות מהמתרחש לבעלי החיים. מטרתו של המיצג היא להמחיש, במרכז המרחב הציבורי, כי כל בעל חיים שמעונה ונרצח על ידי החברה בישראל, הוא אינדיבידואל בפני עצמו, והמוות שלו מזעזע כל אדם בעל מצפון".
= "Hundreds of millions of animals are exploited, enslaved and murdered by humans in Israel every year," says Etty Altman from the "Let Live Live" association. "The atrocities committed on these animals mostly take place away from the public eye, but are financed by the general public, or are done in the name and in the name of ignoring and indifference to what is happening to the animals ... https://perma.cc/C87G-RVN7
= Poisons are sold without supervision and without enforcement, and rare animals pay with their lives https://perma.cc/4VFN-6B6C
בכל שנה מורעלות מאות חיות בר בשל ניסיונות של חקלאים להרחיק חיות הפוגעות בגידולים או טורפות בקר. אכיפה לקויה מאפשרת לכל אדם להיכנס לחנות ולקנות רעלים, וכך אוכלוסיית הנשרים בישראל מתקרבת לסף הכחדה
Every year, hundreds of wild animals are poisoned due to attempts by farmers to keep away animals that damage crops or prey on cattle. Poor enforcement allows anyone to enter a store and buy poisons, and thus the population of eagles in Israel is approaching the brink of extinction
עוצרים את ההרעלות: עצומה לתיקון לחוק הגנת חיות הבר.
= Stopping the poisonings: a petition to amend the law on the protection of wild animals https://perma.cc/2KDC-LHCH
THIS IS ISRAEL! but no body is telling you that ... because everyone is giving a shit to animals
אלפי חיות בר מורעלות בזדון בידי חקלאים
= Thousands of wild animals are maliciously poisoned by farmers https://perma.cc/2PPH-QNEB
"מאות מליוני בעלי חיים מנוצלים, משועבדים ונרצחים על ידי בני אדם בישראל מדי שנה", אומרת אתי אלטמן מעמותת "תנו לחיות לחיות". "הזוועות שמבוצעות בבעלי חיים אלו מתרחשות על פי רוב הרחק מהעין הציבורית, אבל ממומנות על ידי הציבור הרחב, או נעשות בשמו ובשם ההתעלמות והאדישות מהמתרחש לבעלי החיים. מטרתו של המיצג היא להמחיש, במרכז המרחב הציבורי, כי כל בעל חיים שמעונה ונרצח על ידי החברה בישראל, הוא אינדיבידואל בפני עצמו, והמוות שלו מזעזע כל אדם בעל מצפון".
= "Hundreds of millions of animals are exploited, enslaved and murdered by humans in Israel every year," says Etty Altman from the "Let Live Live" association. "The atrocities committed on these animals mostly take place away from the public eye, but are financed by the general public, or are done in the name and in the name of ignoring and indifference to what is happening to the animals ... https://perma.cc/C87G-RVN7
Billions of animals still suffer, 25 years after Israel passed welfare law https://perma.cc/UX6S-PJVD
Can war crimes be committed against animals? https://perma.cc/7SSF-TW9H
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature, based near Geneva, urges sanctions against those who commit “war crimes against the environment” and suggests some possible mechanisms.
Begehen wir Kriegsverbrechen gegen Tiere? https://perma.cc/83K9-F8FN
Die IUCN drängt auf Sanktionen gegen diejenigen, die "Kriegsverbrechen gegen die Umwelt" begehen und schlägt mögliche Vorgehensarten vor.
Sommes-nous coupables de crimes de guerre contre la faune? https://perma.cc/CR5C-XSDY
L’UICN exige des sanctions contre les auteurs de «crimes de guerre contre l’environnement» et envisage plusieurs approches.
More about Israel crimes against animals
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution/149
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution/147
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution/139
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution/3
etc.
without considering all killed animals during this war, that no one is talking about! because they just talk about babies and kids ...
Can war crimes be committed against animals? https://perma.cc/7SSF-TW9H
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature, based near Geneva, urges sanctions against those who commit “war crimes against the environment” and suggests some possible mechanisms.
Begehen wir Kriegsverbrechen gegen Tiere? https://perma.cc/83K9-F8FN
Die IUCN drängt auf Sanktionen gegen diejenigen, die "Kriegsverbrechen gegen die Umwelt" begehen und schlägt mögliche Vorgehensarten vor.
Sommes-nous coupables de crimes de guerre contre la faune? https://perma.cc/CR5C-XSDY
L’UICN exige des sanctions contre les auteurs de «crimes de guerre contre l’environnement» et envisage plusieurs approches.
More about Israel crimes against animals
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution/149
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution/147
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution/139
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution/3
etc.
without considering all killed animals during this war, that no one is talking about! because they just talk about babies and kids ...
Facts behind Israel Part 1
Despite the financial crisis and the repercussions of the Arab Spring, the military expenditures of Greece, Turkey, Israel and Egypt have basically remained constant and in the case of Israel practically doubled (see Table 1).
The third country participating in EastMed, Israel, brings a different set of security risks to the table. While there has been some rapprochement between Israel and its neighbouring states, it remains locked in con ict with regional military powers, such as Iran and Syria. Of cially, Israel is still at war with neighbouring Lebanon, where the armed group Hezbollah, backed by Iran, is a declared enemy of the state of Israel.
In addition, Israel faces armed opposition from Hamas, operating mainly from the Palestine territories (Gaza and West Bank). While it is difficult to assess their actual military capabilities, both armed groups have demonstrated their willingness and ability to target critical infrastructure.
Hezbollah, in particular, is assumed to have acquired weapons capable of targeting offshore platforms. During the Israel- Lebanon war in 2006, Hezbollah already successfully red a Chinese C-802 anti-ship missile, damaging an Israeli Sa’ar 5 corvette.
Israel claims that Hezbollah is even developing new supersonic land-to-sea missiles itself and possesses unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). According to Israel, Hamas has set up a naval commando unit in preparation for attacking targets at sea.
While a considerable distance away from the shore, there have been several attempted attacks by Hamas on the Tamar drilling platform since 2019 according to Israel.
The last missile attacks were reported in May 2021, leading to a temporary shut-down of the drilling rig.
Despite the financial crisis and the repercussions of the Arab Spring, the military expenditures of Greece, Turkey, Israel and Egypt have basically remained constant and in the case of Israel practically doubled (see Table 1).
The third country participating in EastMed, Israel, brings a different set of security risks to the table. While there has been some rapprochement between Israel and its neighbouring states, it remains locked in con ict with regional military powers, such as Iran and Syria. Of cially, Israel is still at war with neighbouring Lebanon, where the armed group Hezbollah, backed by Iran, is a declared enemy of the state of Israel.
In addition, Israel faces armed opposition from Hamas, operating mainly from the Palestine territories (Gaza and West Bank). While it is difficult to assess their actual military capabilities, both armed groups have demonstrated their willingness and ability to target critical infrastructure.
Hezbollah, in particular, is assumed to have acquired weapons capable of targeting offshore platforms. During the Israel- Lebanon war in 2006, Hezbollah already successfully red a Chinese C-802 anti-ship missile, damaging an Israeli Sa’ar 5 corvette.
Israel claims that Hezbollah is even developing new supersonic land-to-sea missiles itself and possesses unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). According to Israel, Hamas has set up a naval commando unit in preparation for attacking targets at sea.
While a considerable distance away from the shore, there have been several attempted attacks by Hamas on the Tamar drilling platform since 2019 according to Israel.
The last missile attacks were reported in May 2021, leading to a temporary shut-down of the drilling rig.
Facts behind Israel Part 2
Part 1 https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/702
The last missile attacks were reported in May 2021...
In June 2022, Hezbollah released video footage showing an Israeli drilling platform in its targeting sights. According to the Israeli Navy, three unarmed drones, presumably launched by Hezbollah, were shot down as they approached the drilling platform of the Greek Energean company at the Karish gas field in July 2022.
Currently, though, the situation seems to have deescalated. On 27.10.2022, both Israel and Lebanon agreed to set their dispute aside and permit exploration and extraction at the Karish/Qana gas field.
The fundamental differences between Israel on the one side and Hamas and Hezbollah on the other are likely to outweigh shares in the pro ts from gas production. Even if both are connected in some way to the respective parties now cooperating with Israel on fossil gas exploitation, they will pursue their own agendas aiming for higher stakes than shares in gas extraction.64 Drilling platforms remain potential targets for these groups to threaten Israel. An offshore gas drilling platform can be severely damaged even by an unarmed commercial marine vessel ramming into it.
Specifically, oil and gas exploration and development causes disruption of migratory pathways, degradation of important animal habitats, and oil spills—which can be devastating to the animals and humans who depend on these ecosystems.
Oil and gas operations could release many tons of harmful pollutants into the air and discharge dangerous chemicals into the water, thereby degrading the clean air and water that polar bears, whales, walrus—and humans—depend on for survival.
Excessive ocean noise from oil and gas exploration and drilling could cause injury, confusion, and even death.
AND THIS EXACTLY HAPPENED!!!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution/139
More https://perma.cc/7EQ2-LSXW
How would offshore oil and gas drilling in the Arctic impact wildlife? https://perma.cc/26S9-PE69
Part 1 https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/702
The last missile attacks were reported in May 2021...
In June 2022, Hezbollah released video footage showing an Israeli drilling platform in its targeting sights. According to the Israeli Navy, three unarmed drones, presumably launched by Hezbollah, were shot down as they approached the drilling platform of the Greek Energean company at the Karish gas field in July 2022.
Currently, though, the situation seems to have deescalated. On 27.10.2022, both Israel and Lebanon agreed to set their dispute aside and permit exploration and extraction at the Karish/Qana gas field.
The fundamental differences between Israel on the one side and Hamas and Hezbollah on the other are likely to outweigh shares in the pro ts from gas production. Even if both are connected in some way to the respective parties now cooperating with Israel on fossil gas exploitation, they will pursue their own agendas aiming for higher stakes than shares in gas extraction.64 Drilling platforms remain potential targets for these groups to threaten Israel. An offshore gas drilling platform can be severely damaged even by an unarmed commercial marine vessel ramming into it.
Specifically, oil and gas exploration and development causes disruption of migratory pathways, degradation of important animal habitats, and oil spills—which can be devastating to the animals and humans who depend on these ecosystems.
Oil and gas operations could release many tons of harmful pollutants into the air and discharge dangerous chemicals into the water, thereby degrading the clean air and water that polar bears, whales, walrus—and humans—depend on for survival.
Excessive ocean noise from oil and gas exploration and drilling could cause injury, confusion, and even death.
AND THIS EXACTLY HAPPENED!!!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution/139
More https://perma.cc/7EQ2-LSXW
How would offshore oil and gas drilling in the Arctic impact wildlife? https://perma.cc/26S9-PE69
Well, do you know what?
Israel is not just violating human rights, responding a terroristic attack with a massacre, but even violating and doing tons of crimes against animals and the nature.
Such crimes are sanctionable, exactly like
IUCN https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution/151
is saying: Explicit protections for protected area staff, and sanctions against those who commit environmental war crimes must be established.
For international agreements and law, urgent implications of the relationships between conflict and nature include the establishment of explicit protections for protected area staff and other conservationists, and sanctions against those who commit environmental war crimes. Mechanisms to establish such sanctions could include enhancing the United Nations Compensation Commission and ensuring prosecution of environmental war crimes through the International
Criminal Court, strengthened by the
ongoing deliberations by the International Law Commission
The impacts of conflict on nature are overwhelmingly negative, but vary widely in detail, as evidenced both by the published literature and by analyses of data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, as well as by biodiversity and conservation data mobilised according to IUCN standards. Variation includes differences in impact across levels of ecological organisation (e.g. on species relative to ecosystems), spatial scales (where there appears to be high spatial congruence between warfare and nature at coarse scales, and lower congruence at ne scales), and mode of impact (from direct and intentional use of environmental degradation as a tactic; to direct but unintentional consequences of war for nature; to indirect impacts such as the loss of human conservation capacity and the persecution of environmental defenders). In a few cases, conflict has also been observed to yield some positive impacts on nature, but these are often short-lived and overwhelmed by the waves of unconstrained development that can follow conflict.
Israel is not just violating human rights, responding a terroristic attack with a massacre, but even violating and doing tons of crimes against animals and the nature.
Such crimes are sanctionable, exactly like
IUCN https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution/151
is saying: Explicit protections for protected area staff, and sanctions against those who commit environmental war crimes must be established.
For international agreements and law, urgent implications of the relationships between conflict and nature include the establishment of explicit protections for protected area staff and other conservationists, and sanctions against those who commit environmental war crimes. Mechanisms to establish such sanctions could include enhancing the United Nations Compensation Commission and ensuring prosecution of environmental war crimes through the International
Criminal Court, strengthened by the
ongoing deliberations by the International Law Commission
The impacts of conflict on nature are overwhelmingly negative, but vary widely in detail, as evidenced both by the published literature and by analyses of data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program, as well as by biodiversity and conservation data mobilised according to IUCN standards. Variation includes differences in impact across levels of ecological organisation (e.g. on species relative to ecosystems), spatial scales (where there appears to be high spatial congruence between warfare and nature at coarse scales, and lower congruence at ne scales), and mode of impact (from direct and intentional use of environmental degradation as a tactic; to direct but unintentional consequences of war for nature; to indirect impacts such as the loss of human conservation capacity and the persecution of environmental defenders). In a few cases, conflict has also been observed to yield some positive impacts on nature, but these are often short-lived and overwhelmed by the waves of unconstrained development that can follow conflict.