CO2 emissions from China, the United States, India, Russia, Japan, Germany, Iran, South Korea, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia have grown from 13,000 Mt to 23,200 Mt over the past 20 years (Figure 1).

Japan’s CO2 emissions increased from 430 Mt in 1965 to 1300 Mt in 2008, then decreased to 1200 Mt. CO2 in Germany, reached a maximum of 1120 Mt in 1973, and then slowly declined to 680 Mt in 2019. Iran, South Korea, and Indonesia have similar trajectories of CO2 emission changes, growing from 200 Mt to about 650 Mt. Saudi Arabia’s CO2 emissions increased from 60 Mt in 1965 to 580 Mt in 2019.

The United States had the highest values with its CO2 emission per capita declining from a peak of 22.5 t in 1973 to 15.1 t in 2019. Saudi Arabia has replaced the United States as the country with the highest CO2 emissions per capita since 2011, and its value now stands at 17 t.

CO2 emission per capita in Russia decreased from 15 t in the 1990s to 10 t in 2019. CO2 emissions per capita in Iran and China grew rapidly to 8 t and 7 t, respectively.

The cumulative values of Saudi Arabia, Russia, Germany, Japan, and South Korea were 739 t, 707 t, 635 t, 476 t, and 369 t, respectively.

The CO2 emissions show decreasing trends in the United States, Japan, and Germany, and will reach 4510 Mt, 1078 Mt, and 673 Mt, respectively (Figure 6).

For South Korea and Saudi Arabia, the CO2 emissions are expected to continue to increase, reaching 755 Mt and 753 Mt, respectively, in 2030. The CO2 emissions trends in middle and low-income countries are also di erent (Figure 7). For Russian Federation, the CO2 emissions will remain at around 1500 Mt. China’s CO2 emissions will grow at a slower rate due to its improvement in energy effciency and deployment of renewable energy. The estimation of China’s CO2 emissions will reach a maximum of around 12,500 Mt in 2030.

The CO2 emissions of India, Iran, and Indonesia will continue to grow rapidly, reaching 4294, 969, and 874 Mt, respectively, in 2030.

We repost that, because of low quality with Telegram ...

Gaza conflict's environmental toll: A surge in carbon emissions

The new research calculates that the carbon cost of rebuilding Gaza’s 100,000 damaged buildings using contemporary construction techniques will generate at least 30m metric tonnes of warming gases. This is on a par with New Zealand’s annual CO2 emissions and higher than 135 other countries and territories including Sri Lanka, Lebanon and Uruguay.

Climate consequences including sea level rise, drought and extreme heat were already threatening water supplies and food security in Palestine. The environmental situation in Gaza is now catastrophic, as much of the farmland, energy and water infrastructure has been destroyed or polluted, with devastating health implications probably for decades to come, experts have warned. Between 36% and 45% of Gaza’s buildings – homes, schools, mosques, hospitals, shops – have so far been destroyed or damaged, and construction is a major driver of global heating.

Building Israel’s iron wall, which runs 65km along most of its border with Gaza and features surveillance cameras, underground sensors, razor wire, a 20ft high metal fence and large concrete barriers, contributed almost 274,000 tonnes of CO2. This is almost on par with the entire 2022 emissions by Central African Republic, one of the most climate vulnerable countries in the world.

By 4 December, at least 200 American cargo flights were reported to have delivered 10,000 tonnes of military equipment to Israel. The study found that the flights guzzled around 50m litres of aviation fuel, spewing an estimated 133,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere – more than the entire island of Grenada last year https://perma.cc/UKE9-M7RP