Some facts that everyone must know!
⚛ If you hold a grain of sand in the length of your arm, towards the sky, the area of vision that grain of sand covers, can expand to show you millions of stars behind.
⚛ The biggest number mankind knows is Graham's number. It is as big, that if you try to imagine that number, you will have to spend your whole life just to think about 1% of that number. This number, if written down, covers all the surface area in our universe with it's digits.
⚛ Sun is believed to take up around 99% of our solar system's mass. This is because, our solar system is a system of particles (that follow elliptical orbits), which has sun at one of it's Focii. As sun is at the center of mass, it is theoretically considered that all mass of solar system is concentrated at sun.
⚛ Sunset at Mars would be blue. By the means of calculations like refraction on Mars, density of atmosphere, thinness of air, distance from earth, curvature, etc., it is statistically believed that Sunset on Mars would appear blue. This fact is supported by NASA's researchers.
⚛ A day on Venus is longer than on earth, but a year is shorter. A day on Venus is 225 earthen days and a year on Venus is 243 earthen days. This is due to the slow rotation of Venus on its axis and consistent revolution around sun.
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⚛ If you hold a grain of sand in the length of your arm, towards the sky, the area of vision that grain of sand covers, can expand to show you millions of stars behind.
⚛ The biggest number mankind knows is Graham's number. It is as big, that if you try to imagine that number, you will have to spend your whole life just to think about 1% of that number. This number, if written down, covers all the surface area in our universe with it's digits.
⚛ Sun is believed to take up around 99% of our solar system's mass. This is because, our solar system is a system of particles (that follow elliptical orbits), which has sun at one of it's Focii. As sun is at the center of mass, it is theoretically considered that all mass of solar system is concentrated at sun.
⚛ Sunset at Mars would be blue. By the means of calculations like refraction on Mars, density of atmosphere, thinness of air, distance from earth, curvature, etc., it is statistically believed that Sunset on Mars would appear blue. This fact is supported by NASA's researchers.
⚛ A day on Venus is longer than on earth, but a year is shorter. A day on Venus is 225 earthen days and a year on Venus is 243 earthen days. This is due to the slow rotation of Venus on its axis and consistent revolution around sun.
For more facts, join
👌 @sciencehub4
👍4
Ꭺʟʙᴇʀᴛ Ꭼɪɴꜱᴛᴇɪɴ Ͳʜᴇᴏʀʏ ᴏꜰ Ꭱᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴠɪᴛʏ( Տᴘᴇᴄɪᴀʟ & Ꮐᴇɴᴇʀᴀʟ Ꭱᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴠɪᴛʏ)
📄ᴘᴀʀᴛ–1
✍Albert Einstein theory of Relativity is based on two principle
1st : if you have two objects and nothing else ,it is not possible to tell which object is moving and which object is standing still .
Take Adam and Sarah that Adam is in spaceship and Sarah is on Earth.
From Adam perspective of view : the spaceship is standing still and it is the planet that is moving. There is no experiment for Adam to let him know that if he is moving. For example if he throws a ball up in the air it will go straight up and down,just as if he was standing still .
For Sarah perspective of view: the ball is already moving with the spaceship, and ball keeps its forward momentum when Adam throws it up in the air. this is why from Sarah's perspective of view the ball looks to Adam as if it is moving straight up and down .
For Adam spaceship is standing still is just as valid as Sarah's view that it is the planet which standing still.
From perspective of third observer it is the sun which is standing still while both spaceship and Earth is moving.
From another fourth perspective of view the sun is moving at great speed through galaxy ,along planet and spaceship.
✍In general any observer can believe that they are standing still ,and that the rest of universe is moving around them .
Part 2 coming sooner
@sciencehub4
#theoryofRelativity
📄ᴘᴀʀᴛ–1
✍Albert Einstein theory of Relativity is based on two principle
1st : if you have two objects and nothing else ,it is not possible to tell which object is moving and which object is standing still .
Take Adam and Sarah that Adam is in spaceship and Sarah is on Earth.
From Adam perspective of view : the spaceship is standing still and it is the planet that is moving. There is no experiment for Adam to let him know that if he is moving. For example if he throws a ball up in the air it will go straight up and down,just as if he was standing still .
For Sarah perspective of view: the ball is already moving with the spaceship, and ball keeps its forward momentum when Adam throws it up in the air. this is why from Sarah's perspective of view the ball looks to Adam as if it is moving straight up and down .
For Adam spaceship is standing still is just as valid as Sarah's view that it is the planet which standing still.
From perspective of third observer it is the sun which is standing still while both spaceship and Earth is moving.
From another fourth perspective of view the sun is moving at great speed through galaxy ,along planet and spaceship.
✍In general any observer can believe that they are standing still ,and that the rest of universe is moving around them .
Part 2 coming sooner
@sciencehub4
#theoryofRelativity
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PART-2
✍it is not possible to tell which object is moving because in absence of a force ,all objects will continue moving in the same direction with the same speed forever. objects slow down here on earth because of force from friction and air resistance.
Einstein theory of Relativity is based on two principle
1st: is not possible to tell which object is moving and which object is standing still.
2nd:the speed of light is the same for all observers.
🙎♂suppose that Adam fires a laser at ground which bounces of a mirror, and Adam measures the time it takes for the light to return to the spaceship. From Adam's perspective of view the laser goes straight up and down. From Sarah's perspective of view the laser light follows V shape path. Since the speed of light is the same for all observers from Sarah's perspective it takes a longer amount of time for laser light to return to the spaceship. If Sarah looks at Adam's clock she will see that Adam's clock read less time in between when he fired the laser ,and when he received the reflect light back. This means Sarah will see Adam's clock running slower than her own clock.
✍The closer spaceship approaches the speed of light ,the slower the time inside the ship will flow. If speed of spaceship was equal to the speed of light ,then the time time inside the ship would stop altogether. No matter how fast spaceship travels,Adam will never notice that time for him is going slower. Everything is slower by the exact the same amount, including speed of his thought,so time for Adam appears to be flowing normally.
#theoryofRelativity #share
@sciencehub4
Part 3 coming soon..
✍it is not possible to tell which object is moving because in absence of a force ,all objects will continue moving in the same direction with the same speed forever. objects slow down here on earth because of force from friction and air resistance.
Einstein theory of Relativity is based on two principle
1st: is not possible to tell which object is moving and which object is standing still.
2nd:the speed of light is the same for all observers.
🙎♂suppose that Adam fires a laser at ground which bounces of a mirror, and Adam measures the time it takes for the light to return to the spaceship. From Adam's perspective of view the laser goes straight up and down. From Sarah's perspective of view the laser light follows V shape path. Since the speed of light is the same for all observers from Sarah's perspective it takes a longer amount of time for laser light to return to the spaceship. If Sarah looks at Adam's clock she will see that Adam's clock read less time in between when he fired the laser ,and when he received the reflect light back. This means Sarah will see Adam's clock running slower than her own clock.
✍The closer spaceship approaches the speed of light ,the slower the time inside the ship will flow. If speed of spaceship was equal to the speed of light ,then the time time inside the ship would stop altogether. No matter how fast spaceship travels,Adam will never notice that time for him is going slower. Everything is slower by the exact the same amount, including speed of his thought,so time for Adam appears to be flowing normally.
#theoryofRelativity #share
@sciencehub4
Part 3 coming soon..
PART-3
✍From Adam point of view his ship is standing still ,and it is the rest of Universe that is moving therefore Adam will think that everyone else's clock are moving slowly.
✍Suppose there are three ships moving together 🚀🚀🚀(Adam's Ship is in middle ) and Adam fires the laser to the to other ships. As Adam perspective all ships are standing still ,and the two other ships will receive the laser light at the same time. Sarah must see the light from both laser moves at the same speed. Therefore Sarah will see the left ship receive the laser before the right ship. But we know that clocks on the two ships read the same amount when they each receive the laser light . This means Sarah must see the clock on the left spaceship running ahead of the clock on the right spaceship.
✍Suppose that Adam sends command for all ships to fire their engines at the same time. From Adam's point of view ,all the ships accelerate together, and the distance between them stays the time. Sarah Will see the left ship accelerate last,and the distance between ships will shrink. 🚀 each spaceship can be thought of as being made up of smaller spaceships,with distance between them shrinking as they move faster.
{🚀 🚀 🚀 } say this is one spaceship that made up from Three smaller spaceships with some distance between them
The closer a spaceship approaches the speed of light,the shorter it becomes. No matter how fast the spaceship travels, Adam will never notice that his spaceship has gotten shorter. Everything inside spaceship has gotten shorter by the same amount including Adam's ruler ,clocks and Adam himself, so everything inside spaceship will look normal to Adam. From Adam's point of view his ship is standing still it is the rest universe that is moving therefore, Adam will think that it is the rest of universe that has gotten shorter
@sciencehub4
#theoryofrelativity
✍From Adam point of view his ship is standing still ,and it is the rest of Universe that is moving therefore Adam will think that everyone else's clock are moving slowly.
✍Suppose there are three ships moving together 🚀🚀🚀(Adam's Ship is in middle ) and Adam fires the laser to the to other ships. As Adam perspective all ships are standing still ,and the two other ships will receive the laser light at the same time. Sarah must see the light from both laser moves at the same speed. Therefore Sarah will see the left ship receive the laser before the right ship. But we know that clocks on the two ships read the same amount when they each receive the laser light . This means Sarah must see the clock on the left spaceship running ahead of the clock on the right spaceship.
✍Suppose that Adam sends command for all ships to fire their engines at the same time. From Adam's point of view ,all the ships accelerate together, and the distance between them stays the time. Sarah Will see the left ship accelerate last,and the distance between ships will shrink. 🚀 each spaceship can be thought of as being made up of smaller spaceships,with distance between them shrinking as they move faster.
{🚀 🚀 🚀 } say this is one spaceship that made up from Three smaller spaceships with some distance between them
The closer a spaceship approaches the speed of light,the shorter it becomes. No matter how fast the spaceship travels, Adam will never notice that his spaceship has gotten shorter. Everything inside spaceship has gotten shorter by the same amount including Adam's ruler ,clocks and Adam himself, so everything inside spaceship will look normal to Adam. From Adam's point of view his ship is standing still it is the rest universe that is moving therefore, Adam will think that it is the rest of universe that has gotten shorter
@sciencehub4
#theoryofrelativity
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PART-4
✍If Adam is moving at almost speed of light then from Sarah point of view, time inside Adam's ship will almost stop completely. Also from Sarah's view ,Adam will travel the length of Universe while Adam's clock moves forward by only a few seconds. From Adam's point of view ,time inside his ship is running normally. To Adam lengths of Universe passes in few seconds, because the length of entire universe has shrunk almost to zero. Suppose that two spaceship throws identical ball to each other
🤽♀🚀
🏀
🚀
The ball bounces off each other ,and returns to each ships. From Sarah's view, time on Adam's ship is moving slowly also from her view Adam throws his ball much more slowly also from her view Adam's ball and everything inside Adam's ship must have more mass . otherwise Adam's ball would not have had enough momentum to cause her ball to bounce back. This is the meaning of E=mc² the more mass the more energy ! this is why nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. As an object approaches speed of light ,its mass becomes so big that an infinite amount of energy would be required to move it faster .
🛑 We are Just talking About Case where Adam's ship moves WITHOUT CHANGING SPEED
❓What happen when Adam tries to change speed ?
Part - 5 coming soon...
@sciencehub4
#theoryofrelativity
✍If Adam is moving at almost speed of light then from Sarah point of view, time inside Adam's ship will almost stop completely. Also from Sarah's view ,Adam will travel the length of Universe while Adam's clock moves forward by only a few seconds. From Adam's point of view ,time inside his ship is running normally. To Adam lengths of Universe passes in few seconds, because the length of entire universe has shrunk almost to zero. Suppose that two spaceship throws identical ball to each other
🤽♀🚀
🏀
🚀
The ball bounces off each other ,and returns to each ships. From Sarah's view, time on Adam's ship is moving slowly also from her view Adam throws his ball much more slowly also from her view Adam's ball and everything inside Adam's ship must have more mass . otherwise Adam's ball would not have had enough momentum to cause her ball to bounce back. This is the meaning of E=mc² the more mass the more energy ! this is why nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. As an object approaches speed of light ,its mass becomes so big that an infinite amount of energy would be required to move it faster .
🛑 We are Just talking About Case where Adam's ship moves WITHOUT CHANGING SPEED
❓What happen when Adam tries to change speed ?
Part - 5 coming soon...
@sciencehub4
#theoryofrelativity
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👍4👎2
4.6 billion to 3.5 billion years
ago. This time was characterized by large meteoric impacts, flooding and seas. (Mars )
ago. This time was characterized by large meteoric impacts, flooding and seas. (Mars )
Anonymous Quiz
31%
Noachian era
46%
Amazonian era
22%
Hesperian era
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Speed of light
the speed of light in a vaccuum is an accurate result in seconds: 299 792 458 m/s. But who discovered the speed of light, and how did they do it?
Galileo Galilei was the first person to attempt to measure the speed of light, in the early 1600s. Galileo and an assistant each stood on a different hilltop with a known distance between them, the plan was for Galileo to open the shutter of a lamp and then for his assistant to open the shutter of a lamp as soon as he saw the light from Galileo's.
Using the distance between the hilltops and his pulse as a timer, Galileo planned to measure the speed of light. He and his assistant tried this with different distances between them, but no matter how far apart they were, he could measure no difference in the amount of time it took the light to travel.
Galileo concluded that the speed of light was too fast to be measured by this method, and he was correct. We now know the speed of light very precisely, and if Galileo and his assistant were on hilltops one mile apart, light would take 0.0000054 seconds to travel from one person to the other. It is understandable that Galileo was unable to measure this with his pulse!
In 1676 a Danish astronomer named Ole Rømer was studying the orbits of the moons of Jupiter and making tables to predict when eclipses of the moons would occur. He noticed that when Jupiter and Earth are far apart (near conjunction), the eclipses of the moons occurred several minutes later than when Jupiter and the Earth are closer (near opposition.) He reasoned that this could be because of the time light takes to travel from Jupiter to Earth.
Rømer found the maximum variation in timing of these eclipses to be 16.6 minutes. He interpreted this to be the amount of time it takes light to travel across the diameter of Earth's orbit. He didn't actually calculate the speed of light as the diameter of Earth's orbit was not well known in his day. But using his method with the knowledge of distances we have today, we get a value of approximately 301,204.8 km/s for the speed of light. This is only about 0.5% off the modern known value of the speed of light.
In the 1850s, French physicist Jean Foucault measured the speed of light in a laboratory using a light source, a rapidly rotating mirror and a stationary mirror. This method was based on a similar apparatus built by Armand-Hippolyte Fizeau. For the first time the speed of light could be measured on Earth, and the speed of light was measured to very great accuracy.
In the 1970s, interferometry was used to get the most accurate value for the speed of light that had been measured yet: 299,792.4562±0.0011 km/s. Then, in 1983, the meter was redefined in the International System of Units (SI) as the distance traveled by light in vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second. As a result, the numerical value of the speed of light (c) in meters per second is now fixed exactly by the definition of the meter. It is always slower in other materials such as water or glass. For most calculations the value 3.00 x 10^5 km/s is used.
#speedoflight
@sciencehub4
the speed of light in a vaccuum is an accurate result in seconds: 299 792 458 m/s. But who discovered the speed of light, and how did they do it?
Galileo Galilei was the first person to attempt to measure the speed of light, in the early 1600s. Galileo and an assistant each stood on a different hilltop with a known distance between them, the plan was for Galileo to open the shutter of a lamp and then for his assistant to open the shutter of a lamp as soon as he saw the light from Galileo's.
Using the distance between the hilltops and his pulse as a timer, Galileo planned to measure the speed of light. He and his assistant tried this with different distances between them, but no matter how far apart they were, he could measure no difference in the amount of time it took the light to travel.
Galileo concluded that the speed of light was too fast to be measured by this method, and he was correct. We now know the speed of light very precisely, and if Galileo and his assistant were on hilltops one mile apart, light would take 0.0000054 seconds to travel from one person to the other. It is understandable that Galileo was unable to measure this with his pulse!
In 1676 a Danish astronomer named Ole Rømer was studying the orbits of the moons of Jupiter and making tables to predict when eclipses of the moons would occur. He noticed that when Jupiter and Earth are far apart (near conjunction), the eclipses of the moons occurred several minutes later than when Jupiter and the Earth are closer (near opposition.) He reasoned that this could be because of the time light takes to travel from Jupiter to Earth.
Rømer found the maximum variation in timing of these eclipses to be 16.6 minutes. He interpreted this to be the amount of time it takes light to travel across the diameter of Earth's orbit. He didn't actually calculate the speed of light as the diameter of Earth's orbit was not well known in his day. But using his method with the knowledge of distances we have today, we get a value of approximately 301,204.8 km/s for the speed of light. This is only about 0.5% off the modern known value of the speed of light.
In the 1850s, French physicist Jean Foucault measured the speed of light in a laboratory using a light source, a rapidly rotating mirror and a stationary mirror. This method was based on a similar apparatus built by Armand-Hippolyte Fizeau. For the first time the speed of light could be measured on Earth, and the speed of light was measured to very great accuracy.
In the 1970s, interferometry was used to get the most accurate value for the speed of light that had been measured yet: 299,792.4562±0.0011 km/s. Then, in 1983, the meter was redefined in the International System of Units (SI) as the distance traveled by light in vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second. As a result, the numerical value of the speed of light (c) in meters per second is now fixed exactly by the definition of the meter. It is always slower in other materials such as water or glass. For most calculations the value 3.00 x 10^5 km/s is used.
#speedoflight
@sciencehub4
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Proofs for existence of God by priests and their counter response from Scientists
1. Cosmological proof. Things move because they are pushed—that is, something sets them into motion. But what is the First Mover or First Cause that set the universe into motion? This
must be God.
2. Teleological proof. Everywhere around us we see objects of
great complexity and sophistication. But every design
eventually requires a designer. The First Designer was God.
3. Ontological proof. God, by definition, is the most perfect being
imaginable. But one can imagine a God that does not exist. But
if God did not exist, he would not be perfect. Therefore he must
exist.
The three of the above proofs showed a flawless in their content in the later scientific experimentation and reasoning .
The cosmological proof decline because when we have a clear shot of gaseous substances they collide with walls in the absence of any external force application.They continue collision through their life time.Conversation law of mass and energy is enough and persuasive reason behind the unimportance of first mover.
The teleological proof have a counter response from the evolution of complexity from simpler life forms through a natural selection and chance ; theory of evolution ......the survival of the fittest.
The ontological argument will collapse up on the amazing reasoning of difference between existence and perfection by Immanuel Kant .
What's your point of view about these ideas .....add your comment on the comment section below
@sciencehub4
1. Cosmological proof. Things move because they are pushed—that is, something sets them into motion. But what is the First Mover or First Cause that set the universe into motion? This
must be God.
2. Teleological proof. Everywhere around us we see objects of
great complexity and sophistication. But every design
eventually requires a designer. The First Designer was God.
3. Ontological proof. God, by definition, is the most perfect being
imaginable. But one can imagine a God that does not exist. But
if God did not exist, he would not be perfect. Therefore he must
exist.
The three of the above proofs showed a flawless in their content in the later scientific experimentation and reasoning .
The cosmological proof decline because when we have a clear shot of gaseous substances they collide with walls in the absence of any external force application.They continue collision through their life time.Conversation law of mass and energy is enough and persuasive reason behind the unimportance of first mover.
The teleological proof have a counter response from the evolution of complexity from simpler life forms through a natural selection and chance ; theory of evolution ......the survival of the fittest.
The ontological argument will collapse up on the amazing reasoning of difference between existence and perfection by Immanuel Kant .
What's your point of view about these ideas .....add your comment on the comment section below
@sciencehub4
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Photoelectric effect
✨photoelectric effect, phenomenon in which electrically charged particles are released from or within a material when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation. The effect is often defined as the ejection of electrons from a metal plate when light falls on it.
✨ In a broader definition, the radiant energy may be infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light, X-rays, or gamma rays; the material may be a solid, liquid, or gas; and the released particles may be ions (electrically charged atoms or molecules) as well as electrons.
✨The phenomenon was fundamentally significant in the development of modern physics because of the puzzling questions it raised about the nature of light—particle versus wavelike behaviour—that were finally resolved by Albert Einstein in 1905.
✨The effect remains important for research in areas from materials science to astrophysics, as well as forming the basis for a variety of useful devices
@sciencehub4
#photoelectric_effect
✨photoelectric effect, phenomenon in which electrically charged particles are released from or within a material when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation. The effect is often defined as the ejection of electrons from a metal plate when light falls on it.
✨ In a broader definition, the radiant energy may be infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light, X-rays, or gamma rays; the material may be a solid, liquid, or gas; and the released particles may be ions (electrically charged atoms or molecules) as well as electrons.
✨The phenomenon was fundamentally significant in the development of modern physics because of the puzzling questions it raised about the nature of light—particle versus wavelike behaviour—that were finally resolved by Albert Einstein in 1905.
✨The effect remains important for research in areas from materials science to astrophysics, as well as forming the basis for a variety of useful devices
@sciencehub4
#photoelectric_effect
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