Botulism is a rare but serious condition caused by toxins from bacteria called Clostridium botulinum.
Three common forms of botulism are:
Foodborne botulism. The harmful bacteria thrive and produce the toxin in environments with little oxygen, such as in canned food.
Wound botulism. If these bacteria get into a cut, they can cause a dangerous infection that produces the toxin.
Infant botulism. This most common form of botulism begins after Clostridium botulinum bacterial spores grow in a baby's intestinal tract. It typically occurs between the ages of 2 months and 8 months.
All types of botulism can be fatal and are considered medical emergencies.
SYMPTOMS
Foodborne botulism
Signs and symptoms of foodborne botulism typically begin between 12 and 36 hours after the toxin gets into your body. But, the start of symptoms can range from a few hours to several days, depending on the amount of toxin ingested. Signs and symptoms of foodborne botulism include:
Difficulty swallowing or speaking
Dry mouth
Facial weakness on both sides of the face
Blurred or double vision
Drooping eyelids
Trouble breathing
Nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps
Paralysis
Wound botulism
Most people who develop wound botulism inject drugs several times a day, so it's difficult to know for sure how long it takes for signs and symptoms to develop after the toxin enters the body. Wound botulism signs and symptoms include:
Difficulty swallowing or speaking
Facial weakness on both sides of the face
Blurred or double vision
Drooping eyelids
Trouble breathing
Paralysis
Infant botulism
If infant botulism is related to food, such as honey, problems generally begin within 18 to 36 hours after the toxin enters the baby's body. Signs and symptoms include:
Constipation (often the first sign)
Floppy movements due to muscle weakness and trouble controlling the head
Weak cry
Irritability
Drooling
Drooping eyelids
Tiredness
Difficulty sucking or feeding
Paralysis
Certain signs and symptoms usually don't occur with botulism. For example, botulism doesn't generally increase blood pressure or heart rate, or cause Fever or confusion. However, sometimes, wound botulism may cause Fever.
When to see a doctor
Seek urgent medical care if you suspect that you have botulism. Early treatment increases your chances of survival, and lessens your risk of complications.
Seeking medical care promptly may also alert public health authorities. They may then be able to keep other people from eating contaminated food.
CAUSES
Infant botulism
Babies get infant botulism after consuming spores of the bacteria, which then grow and multiply in their intestinal tracts and make toxins. The source of infant botulism may be honey, but it's more likely to be exposure to soil contaminated with the bacteria.
Foodborne botulism
The source of foodborne botulism is often home-canned foods that are low in acid, such as green beans, corn and beets. A common source of the illness in Alaska is fermented seafood. However, the disease has also occurred from chili peppers, foil-wrapped baked potatoes and oil infused with garlic.
When you eat food containing the toxin, it disrupts nerve function, causing paralysis.
Wound botulism
When C. botulinum bacteria get into a wound — possibly caused by an injury you might not notice — they can multiply and produce toxin. Wound botulism has increased in recent decades in people who inject heroin, which can contain spores of the bacteria. In fact, this type of botulism is most common in people who inject black tar heroin.
Are there benefits to botulinum toxin?
You might wonder how something so toxic could ever be beneficial, but scientists have found that the paralyzing effect of botulinum toxin makes it useful in certain circumstances.
Botulinum toxin has been used to reduce facial Wrinkles by preventing contraction of muscles beneath the skin and for medical conditions, such as eyelid spasms and severe underarm sweating. However, there have been rare occurrences of serious side effects, such as muscle paralysis ext
Three common forms of botulism are:
Foodborne botulism. The harmful bacteria thrive and produce the toxin in environments with little oxygen, such as in canned food.
Wound botulism. If these bacteria get into a cut, they can cause a dangerous infection that produces the toxin.
Infant botulism. This most common form of botulism begins after Clostridium botulinum bacterial spores grow in a baby's intestinal tract. It typically occurs between the ages of 2 months and 8 months.
All types of botulism can be fatal and are considered medical emergencies.
SYMPTOMS
Foodborne botulism
Signs and symptoms of foodborne botulism typically begin between 12 and 36 hours after the toxin gets into your body. But, the start of symptoms can range from a few hours to several days, depending on the amount of toxin ingested. Signs and symptoms of foodborne botulism include:
Difficulty swallowing or speaking
Dry mouth
Facial weakness on both sides of the face
Blurred or double vision
Drooping eyelids
Trouble breathing
Nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps
Paralysis
Wound botulism
Most people who develop wound botulism inject drugs several times a day, so it's difficult to know for sure how long it takes for signs and symptoms to develop after the toxin enters the body. Wound botulism signs and symptoms include:
Difficulty swallowing or speaking
Facial weakness on both sides of the face
Blurred or double vision
Drooping eyelids
Trouble breathing
Paralysis
Infant botulism
If infant botulism is related to food, such as honey, problems generally begin within 18 to 36 hours after the toxin enters the baby's body. Signs and symptoms include:
Constipation (often the first sign)
Floppy movements due to muscle weakness and trouble controlling the head
Weak cry
Irritability
Drooling
Drooping eyelids
Tiredness
Difficulty sucking or feeding
Paralysis
Certain signs and symptoms usually don't occur with botulism. For example, botulism doesn't generally increase blood pressure or heart rate, or cause Fever or confusion. However, sometimes, wound botulism may cause Fever.
When to see a doctor
Seek urgent medical care if you suspect that you have botulism. Early treatment increases your chances of survival, and lessens your risk of complications.
Seeking medical care promptly may also alert public health authorities. They may then be able to keep other people from eating contaminated food.
CAUSES
Infant botulism
Babies get infant botulism after consuming spores of the bacteria, which then grow and multiply in their intestinal tracts and make toxins. The source of infant botulism may be honey, but it's more likely to be exposure to soil contaminated with the bacteria.
Foodborne botulism
The source of foodborne botulism is often home-canned foods that are low in acid, such as green beans, corn and beets. A common source of the illness in Alaska is fermented seafood. However, the disease has also occurred from chili peppers, foil-wrapped baked potatoes and oil infused with garlic.
When you eat food containing the toxin, it disrupts nerve function, causing paralysis.
Wound botulism
When C. botulinum bacteria get into a wound — possibly caused by an injury you might not notice — they can multiply and produce toxin. Wound botulism has increased in recent decades in people who inject heroin, which can contain spores of the bacteria. In fact, this type of botulism is most common in people who inject black tar heroin.
Are there benefits to botulinum toxin?
You might wonder how something so toxic could ever be beneficial, but scientists have found that the paralyzing effect of botulinum toxin makes it useful in certain circumstances.
Botulinum toxin has been used to reduce facial Wrinkles by preventing contraction of muscles beneath the skin and for medical conditions, such as eyelid spasms and severe underarm sweating. However, there have been rare occurrences of serious side effects, such as muscle paralysis ext
ending beyond the treated area, with the use of botulinum toxin for medical reasons.
COMPLICATIONS
Because it affects muscle control throughout your body, botulinum toxin can cause many complications. The most immediate danger is that you won't be able to breathe, which is the most common cause of death in botulism. Other complications, which may require rehabilitation, may include:
Difficulty speaking
Trouble swallowing
Long-lasting weakness
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
PREPARING FOR YOUR APPOINTMENT
You may first see your primary care doctor. However, you'll likely be sent to the hospital for immediate treatment. At the hospital, you'll probably also see a doctor who specializes in neurology (neurologist) or Infectious diseases.
What you can do
Bring any medications you take with you, and let your doctor know about any vitamins or supplements you're taking.
Write down questions to ask your doctor.Although you may not have time to write down questions before your first appointment, write down any questions you want to ask at your follow-up appointments.
For botulism, some basic questions to ask your doctor include:
How did I get botulism?
Will I have any lasting problems?
What side effects can I expect from treatment?
Are there dietary restrictions I need to follow?
How can I prevent this from happening again?
Don't hesitate to ask your doctor any other appropriate questions.
What to expect from your doctor
Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions, such as:
When did you begin having symptoms?
Have your symptoms been continuous or occasional?
Have you or your child eaten any canned food recently?
If your infant is ill, has he or she consumed honey?
Did anyone else eat the food suspected of making you ill?
TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS
To diagnose botulism, your doctor will check you for signs of muscle weakness or paralysis, such as drooping eyelids and a weak voice. Your doctor will also ask about the foods you've eaten in the past few days, and ask if you may have been exposed to the bacteria through a wound.
In cases of possible infant botulism, the doctor may ask if the child has eaten honey recently and has had Constipation or sluggishness.
Analysis of blood, stool or vomit for evidence of the toxin may help confirm an infant or foodborne botulism diagnosis, but because these tests may take days, your doctor's clinical examination is the primary means of diagnosis.
TREATMENTS AND DRUGS
For cases of foodborne botulism, doctors sometimes clear out the digestive system by inducing vomiting and giving medications to induce bowel movements. If you have botulism in a wound, a doctor may need to remove infected tissue surgically.
Antitoxin
If you're diagnosed early with foodborne or wound botulism, injected antitoxin reduces the risk of complications. The antitoxin attaches itself to toxin that's still circulating in your bloodstream and keeps it from harming your nerves.
The antitoxin cannot, however, reverse the damage that's been done. Fortunately, nerves do regenerate. Many people recover fully, but it may take months and extended rehabilitation therapy.
A different type of antitoxin, known as botulism immune globulin, is used to treat infants.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are recommended for the treatment of wound botulism. However, these medications are not advised for other types of botulism because they can hasten the release of the toxins.
Breathing assistance
If you're having trouble breathing, you will probably need a mechanical ventilator for up to several weeks as the effects of the toxin gradually lessen. The ventilator forces air into your lungs through a tube inserted in your airway through your nose or mouth.
Rehabilitation
As you recover, you may also need therapy to improve your speech, swallowing and other functions affected by the disease.
LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES
Use proper canning techniques
Be sure to use proper techniques when canning foods at home to ensure that any botulism germs in the food are destroyed:
Pressure cook these foods at 250 F (121 C) for 20
COMPLICATIONS
Because it affects muscle control throughout your body, botulinum toxin can cause many complications. The most immediate danger is that you won't be able to breathe, which is the most common cause of death in botulism. Other complications, which may require rehabilitation, may include:
Difficulty speaking
Trouble swallowing
Long-lasting weakness
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
PREPARING FOR YOUR APPOINTMENT
You may first see your primary care doctor. However, you'll likely be sent to the hospital for immediate treatment. At the hospital, you'll probably also see a doctor who specializes in neurology (neurologist) or Infectious diseases.
What you can do
Bring any medications you take with you, and let your doctor know about any vitamins or supplements you're taking.
Write down questions to ask your doctor.Although you may not have time to write down questions before your first appointment, write down any questions you want to ask at your follow-up appointments.
For botulism, some basic questions to ask your doctor include:
How did I get botulism?
Will I have any lasting problems?
What side effects can I expect from treatment?
Are there dietary restrictions I need to follow?
How can I prevent this from happening again?
Don't hesitate to ask your doctor any other appropriate questions.
What to expect from your doctor
Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions, such as:
When did you begin having symptoms?
Have your symptoms been continuous or occasional?
Have you or your child eaten any canned food recently?
If your infant is ill, has he or she consumed honey?
Did anyone else eat the food suspected of making you ill?
TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS
To diagnose botulism, your doctor will check you for signs of muscle weakness or paralysis, such as drooping eyelids and a weak voice. Your doctor will also ask about the foods you've eaten in the past few days, and ask if you may have been exposed to the bacteria through a wound.
In cases of possible infant botulism, the doctor may ask if the child has eaten honey recently and has had Constipation or sluggishness.
Analysis of blood, stool or vomit for evidence of the toxin may help confirm an infant or foodborne botulism diagnosis, but because these tests may take days, your doctor's clinical examination is the primary means of diagnosis.
TREATMENTS AND DRUGS
For cases of foodborne botulism, doctors sometimes clear out the digestive system by inducing vomiting and giving medications to induce bowel movements. If you have botulism in a wound, a doctor may need to remove infected tissue surgically.
Antitoxin
If you're diagnosed early with foodborne or wound botulism, injected antitoxin reduces the risk of complications. The antitoxin attaches itself to toxin that's still circulating in your bloodstream and keeps it from harming your nerves.
The antitoxin cannot, however, reverse the damage that's been done. Fortunately, nerves do regenerate. Many people recover fully, but it may take months and extended rehabilitation therapy.
A different type of antitoxin, known as botulism immune globulin, is used to treat infants.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are recommended for the treatment of wound botulism. However, these medications are not advised for other types of botulism because they can hasten the release of the toxins.
Breathing assistance
If you're having trouble breathing, you will probably need a mechanical ventilator for up to several weeks as the effects of the toxin gradually lessen. The ventilator forces air into your lungs through a tube inserted in your airway through your nose or mouth.
Rehabilitation
As you recover, you may also need therapy to improve your speech, swallowing and other functions affected by the disease.
LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES
Use proper canning techniques
Be sure to use proper techniques when canning foods at home to ensure that any botulism germs in the food are destroyed:
Pressure cook these foods at 250 F (121 C) for 20
to 100 minutes, depending on the food.
Consider boiling these foods for 10 minutes before serving them.
Prepare and store food safely
Don't eat preserved food if its container is bulging or if the food smells spoiled. However, taste and smell won't always give away the presence of C. botulinum. Some strains don't make food smell bad or taste unusual.
If you wrap potatoes in foil before baking them, eat them hot or store them in the refrigerator — not at room temperature.
Store oils infused with garlic or herbs in the refrigerator.
Infant botulism
To reduce the risk of infant botulism, avoid giving honey — even a tiny taste — to babies under the age of 1 year.
Wound botulism
To prevent wound botulism and other serious bloodborne diseases, never inject or inhale street drugs.
Consider boiling these foods for 10 minutes before serving them.
Prepare and store food safely
Don't eat preserved food if its container is bulging or if the food smells spoiled. However, taste and smell won't always give away the presence of C. botulinum. Some strains don't make food smell bad or taste unusual.
If you wrap potatoes in foil before baking them, eat them hot or store them in the refrigerator — not at room temperature.
Store oils infused with garlic or herbs in the refrigerator.
Infant botulism
To reduce the risk of infant botulism, avoid giving honey — even a tiny taste — to babies under the age of 1 year.
Wound botulism
To prevent wound botulism and other serious bloodborne diseases, never inject or inhale street drugs.
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Botulism is a rare but serious condition caused by toxins from bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. Three common forms of botulism are: Foodborne botulism. The harmful bacteria thrive and produce the toxin in environments with little oxygen, such as in…
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🔬عالم المختبراتْ الطَِــ💉ـبِية💉
Botulism is a rare but serious condition caused by toxins from bacteria called Clostridium botulinum.
Three common forms of botulism are:
Foodborne botulism. The harmful bacteria thrive and produce the toxin in environments with little oxygen, such as in…
Three common forms of botulism are:
Foodborne botulism. The harmful bacteria thrive and produce the toxin in environments with little oxygen, such as in…
فيروس كورونا الجديد ( كورونا COVID-19 )
24/07/1441
مقدمة:
في 31 ديسمبر من عام 2019م تم إبلاغ المكتب الإقليمي لمنظمة الصحة العالمية في الصين بحالات الالتهاب الرئوي المسبب لمرض غير معروف تم اكتشافه في مدينة ووهان بمقاطعة هوبي الصينية، وتم إعلان فيروس (كورونا الجديد) على أنه الفيروس المسبب لتلك الحالات من قِبَل السلطات الصينية يوم 7 يناير 2020م.
الأسئلةالشائعة
•┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈•
@LabMed2017
ما هي فصائل فيروسات (كورونا) التي تم اكتشافها حتى الآن والتي يمكن أن يُصاب البشر بالعدوى بها من مصدر حيواني؟
انتقل فيروس (كورونا) المسبب لمتلازمة الالتهاب الرئوي الحاد الوخيم (السارس) من قطط الزباد إلى البشر في الصين عام 2002م، وقد انتقل فيروس (كورونا) المسبب لمتلازمة الشرق الأوسط التنفسية (Mers) من الإبل إلى البشر في المملكة العربية السعودية عام 2012م. كذلك انتقل فيروس (كورونا) الأخير COVID-19 من فصيلة فيروسات (كورونا)، و كان له ارتباط بسوق للبحريات والحيوانات في مدينة ووهان الصينية. وهناك العديد من سلالات فيروس (كورونا) الأخرى المعروفة التي تسري بين الحيوانات دون أن تنتقل العدوى منها إلى البشر حتى الآن.
•┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈•
@LabMed2017
ما هو فيروس (كورونا) COVID-19؟
فيروس (كورونا) من فصيلة فيروسات (كورونا) الجديد؛ حيث ظهرت أغلب حالات الإصابة به في مدينة ووهان الصينية نهاية ديسمبر ٢٠١٩م على صورة التهاب رئوي حاد.
كيف تم تحديد نوع الفيروس؟
تم التعرف على الفيروس عن طريق التسلسل الجيني.
ما أصل هذا الفيروس؟
يُعتقد أن فيروس (كورونا) الجديد مرتبط بالحيوان؛ حيث إن أغلب الحالات الأولية كان لها ارتباط بسوق للبحريات والحيوانات في مدينة ووهان.
•┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈•
@LabMed2017
هل ينتقل الفيروس بين البشر؟
نعم، ينتقل الفيروس بين البشر من الشخص المصاب بالعدوى إلى شخص آخر عن طريق المخالطة
القريبة دون حماية.
•┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈•
@LabMed2017
أنا قادم من الصين وأشكو ارتفاعًا في الحرارة وضيقًا في التنفس.. ماذا أفعل؟
يمكنك التوجه إلى أقرب منشأة صحية. ولمزيد من الاستفسارات يمكنك الاتصال بمركز (937).
هل ينتقل فيروس (كورونا) COVID-19 عبر الشحنات القادمة من الصين؟
بناءً على المعلومات المتوافرة حاليًا، لا يوجد خطر في البضائع المستوردة من الصين.
•┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈•
@LabMed2017
ما أعراض الإصابة بفيروس (كورونا) COVID-19؟
تشمل الأعراض النمطية لفيروس (كورونا): الحمى - السعال - ضيق التنفس - وأحيانًا تتطور الإصابة إلى التهاب رئوي. وقد يتسبب في مضاعفات حادة لدى الأشخاص ذوي الجهاز المناعي الضعيف، والمسنين والأشخاص المصابين بأمراض مزمنة مثل: السرطان، والسكري، وأمراض الرئة المزمنة. وعند الشعور بأي من الأعراض السابقة يجب الاتصال بمركز (937).
•┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈•
@LabMed2017
خطوات رئيسة للوقاية من (كورونا) COVID-19:
النظافة الشخصية.
اتباع آداب العطس والسعال.
تجنب المخالطة اللصيقة بشخص لديه أعراض نزلة برد أو أنفلونزا.
تجنب التعامل غير الآمن مع الحيوانات، سواء كانت برية أو في المزرعة.
•┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈•
@LabMed2017
آداب العطاس لتقليل العدوى:
استخدم المناديل الورقية للعطاس أو السعال، والتخلص منها بأسرع وقت ممكن.
غسل اليدين بالماء الدافئ والصابون.
استخدم المرفق عن طريق ثني الذراع.
•┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈•
@LabMed2017
توصيات للمسافرين خلال السفر:
تجنب الاقتراب من الأشخاص الذين تظهر عليهم علامات الرشح أو الأنفلونزا، أو السعال.
غسل الأيدي باستمرار.
تجنب ملامسة العين، أو الأنف، أو الفم قبل غسل الأيدي.
تجنب التعرض للحيوانات البرية أو في المزرعة.
عند الشعور بالتعب يجب التوجه أقرب منشأة صحية، والتأكد من الحالة الصحية
•┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈•
@LabMed2017
24/07/1441
مقدمة:
في 31 ديسمبر من عام 2019م تم إبلاغ المكتب الإقليمي لمنظمة الصحة العالمية في الصين بحالات الالتهاب الرئوي المسبب لمرض غير معروف تم اكتشافه في مدينة ووهان بمقاطعة هوبي الصينية، وتم إعلان فيروس (كورونا الجديد) على أنه الفيروس المسبب لتلك الحالات من قِبَل السلطات الصينية يوم 7 يناير 2020م.
الأسئلةالشائعة
•┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈•
@LabMed2017
ما هي فصائل فيروسات (كورونا) التي تم اكتشافها حتى الآن والتي يمكن أن يُصاب البشر بالعدوى بها من مصدر حيواني؟
انتقل فيروس (كورونا) المسبب لمتلازمة الالتهاب الرئوي الحاد الوخيم (السارس) من قطط الزباد إلى البشر في الصين عام 2002م، وقد انتقل فيروس (كورونا) المسبب لمتلازمة الشرق الأوسط التنفسية (Mers) من الإبل إلى البشر في المملكة العربية السعودية عام 2012م. كذلك انتقل فيروس (كورونا) الأخير COVID-19 من فصيلة فيروسات (كورونا)، و كان له ارتباط بسوق للبحريات والحيوانات في مدينة ووهان الصينية. وهناك العديد من سلالات فيروس (كورونا) الأخرى المعروفة التي تسري بين الحيوانات دون أن تنتقل العدوى منها إلى البشر حتى الآن.
•┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈•
@LabMed2017
ما هو فيروس (كورونا) COVID-19؟
فيروس (كورونا) من فصيلة فيروسات (كورونا) الجديد؛ حيث ظهرت أغلب حالات الإصابة به في مدينة ووهان الصينية نهاية ديسمبر ٢٠١٩م على صورة التهاب رئوي حاد.
كيف تم تحديد نوع الفيروس؟
تم التعرف على الفيروس عن طريق التسلسل الجيني.
ما أصل هذا الفيروس؟
يُعتقد أن فيروس (كورونا) الجديد مرتبط بالحيوان؛ حيث إن أغلب الحالات الأولية كان لها ارتباط بسوق للبحريات والحيوانات في مدينة ووهان.
•┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈•
@LabMed2017
هل ينتقل الفيروس بين البشر؟
نعم، ينتقل الفيروس بين البشر من الشخص المصاب بالعدوى إلى شخص آخر عن طريق المخالطة
القريبة دون حماية.
•┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈•
@LabMed2017
أنا قادم من الصين وأشكو ارتفاعًا في الحرارة وضيقًا في التنفس.. ماذا أفعل؟
يمكنك التوجه إلى أقرب منشأة صحية. ولمزيد من الاستفسارات يمكنك الاتصال بمركز (937).
هل ينتقل فيروس (كورونا) COVID-19 عبر الشحنات القادمة من الصين؟
بناءً على المعلومات المتوافرة حاليًا، لا يوجد خطر في البضائع المستوردة من الصين.
•┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈•
@LabMed2017
ما أعراض الإصابة بفيروس (كورونا) COVID-19؟
تشمل الأعراض النمطية لفيروس (كورونا): الحمى - السعال - ضيق التنفس - وأحيانًا تتطور الإصابة إلى التهاب رئوي. وقد يتسبب في مضاعفات حادة لدى الأشخاص ذوي الجهاز المناعي الضعيف، والمسنين والأشخاص المصابين بأمراض مزمنة مثل: السرطان، والسكري، وأمراض الرئة المزمنة. وعند الشعور بأي من الأعراض السابقة يجب الاتصال بمركز (937).
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@LabMed2017
خطوات رئيسة للوقاية من (كورونا) COVID-19:
النظافة الشخصية.
اتباع آداب العطس والسعال.
تجنب المخالطة اللصيقة بشخص لديه أعراض نزلة برد أو أنفلونزا.
تجنب التعامل غير الآمن مع الحيوانات، سواء كانت برية أو في المزرعة.
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@LabMed2017
آداب العطاس لتقليل العدوى:
استخدم المناديل الورقية للعطاس أو السعال، والتخلص منها بأسرع وقت ممكن.
غسل اليدين بالماء الدافئ والصابون.
استخدم المرفق عن طريق ثني الذراع.
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@LabMed2017
توصيات للمسافرين خلال السفر:
تجنب الاقتراب من الأشخاص الذين تظهر عليهم علامات الرشح أو الأنفلونزا، أو السعال.
غسل الأيدي باستمرار.
تجنب ملامسة العين، أو الأنف، أو الفم قبل غسل الأيدي.
تجنب التعرض للحيوانات البرية أو في المزرعة.
عند الشعور بالتعب يجب التوجه أقرب منشأة صحية، والتأكد من الحالة الصحية
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@LabMed2017
🔍Anemia
DEFINITION
🔖Anemia is a condition in which you don't have enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your tissues. Having Anemia may make you feel tired and weak.
🦋There are many forms of Anemia, each with its own cause.
Loss of blood is the most common cause of Anemia.
Anemia can be temporary or long term, and it can range from mild to severe.
Treatments for Anemia range from taking supplements to undergoing medical procedures.
You may be able to prevent some types of Anemia by eating a healthy, varied diet.
See your doctor if you suspect you have Anemia because Anemia can be a sign of serious illnesses.
SYMPTOMS
🦋Anemia symptoms vary depending on the cause of your Anemia but may include:
❇️Fatigue
❇️Weakness
❇️Pale skin
❇️A fast or irregular heartbeat
❇️Shortness of breath
❇️Chest pain
❇️Dizziness
❇️Cognitive problems
❇️Cold hands and feet
❇️Headache
🌐Initially, Anemia can be so mild it goes unnoticed. But symptoms increase as Anemia worsens.
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@LabMed2017
DEFINITION
🔖Anemia is a condition in which you don't have enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your tissues. Having Anemia may make you feel tired and weak.
🦋There are many forms of Anemia, each with its own cause.
Loss of blood is the most common cause of Anemia.
Anemia can be temporary or long term, and it can range from mild to severe.
Treatments for Anemia range from taking supplements to undergoing medical procedures.
You may be able to prevent some types of Anemia by eating a healthy, varied diet.
See your doctor if you suspect you have Anemia because Anemia can be a sign of serious illnesses.
SYMPTOMS
🦋Anemia symptoms vary depending on the cause of your Anemia but may include:
❇️Fatigue
❇️Weakness
❇️Pale skin
❇️A fast or irregular heartbeat
❇️Shortness of breath
❇️Chest pain
❇️Dizziness
❇️Cognitive problems
❇️Cold hands and feet
❇️Headache
🌐Initially, Anemia can be so mild it goes unnoticed. But symptoms increase as Anemia worsens.
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@LabMed2017
When to see a doctor
Make an appointment with your doctor if you're feeling fatigued for unexplained reasons.
Some Anemias, such as Iron deficiency anemia or vitamin B-12 deficiency, are common.
Fatigue has many causes besides Anemia, so don't assume that if you're tired you must be anemic.
Some people learn that their hemoglobin is low, which indicates Anemia, when they go to donate blood.
Low hemoglobin may be a temporary problem remedied by eating more iron-rich foods or taking a multivitamin containing iron.
It may also be a warning sign of bleeding in your body that may be causing you to be deficient in iron.
If you're told that you can't donate blood because of low hemoglobin, make an appointment with your doctor.
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@LabMed2017
Make an appointment with your doctor if you're feeling fatigued for unexplained reasons.
Some Anemias, such as Iron deficiency anemia or vitamin B-12 deficiency, are common.
Fatigue has many causes besides Anemia, so don't assume that if you're tired you must be anemic.
Some people learn that their hemoglobin is low, which indicates Anemia, when they go to donate blood.
Low hemoglobin may be a temporary problem remedied by eating more iron-rich foods or taking a multivitamin containing iron.
It may also be a warning sign of bleeding in your body that may be causing you to be deficient in iron.
If you're told that you can't donate blood because of low hemoglobin, make an appointment with your doctor.
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@LabMed2017
CAUSES
Anemia occurs when your blood doesn't have enough red blood cells. This can happen if:
❇️Your body doesn't make enough red blood cells
❇️Bleeding causes you to lose red blood cells more quickly than they can be replaced
❇️Your body destroys red blood cells
What red blood cells do
Your body makes three types of blood cells — white blood cells to fight infection, platelets to help your blood clot and red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout your body.
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin — a red, iron-rich protein that gives blood its red color.
Hemoglobin enables red blood cells to carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body and to carry carbon dioxide from other parts of the body to your lungs so that it can be exhaled.
Most blood cells, including red blood cells, are produced regularly in your bone marrow — a red, spongy material found within the cavities of many of your large bones.
To produce hemoglobin and red blood cells, your body needs iron, vitamin B-12, folate and other nutrients from the foods you eat.
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@LabMed2017
Anemia occurs when your blood doesn't have enough red blood cells. This can happen if:
❇️Your body doesn't make enough red blood cells
❇️Bleeding causes you to lose red blood cells more quickly than they can be replaced
❇️Your body destroys red blood cells
What red blood cells do
Your body makes three types of blood cells — white blood cells to fight infection, platelets to help your blood clot and red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout your body.
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin — a red, iron-rich protein that gives blood its red color.
Hemoglobin enables red blood cells to carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body and to carry carbon dioxide from other parts of the body to your lungs so that it can be exhaled.
Most blood cells, including red blood cells, are produced regularly in your bone marrow — a red, spongy material found within the cavities of many of your large bones.
To produce hemoglobin and red blood cells, your body needs iron, vitamin B-12, folate and other nutrients from the foods you eat.
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@LabMed2017
Causes of common types of Anemia
Common types of Anemia and their causes include:
❇️Iron deficiency anemia.
Iron deficiency anemia is caused by a shortage of the element iron in your body.
Your bone marrow needs iron to make hemoglobin.
Without adequate iron, your body can't produce enough hemoglobin for red blood cells.
This type of Anemia is often caused by blood loss, such as from heavy menstrual bleeding, an ulcer, Cancer, a polyp somewhere in your digestive system, and prolonged use of aspirin or drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
❇️Vitamin deficiency anemias.
in addition to iron, your body needs folate and vitamin B-12 to produce sufficient numbers of healthy red blood cells.
A diet lacking in these and other key nutrients can cause decreased red blood cell production.
Additionally, some people may eat enough B-12, but their bodies aren't able to process the vitamin.
This can lead to Vitamin deficiency anemia, also known as pernicious Anemia.
❇️Anemia of chronic disease.
Certain chronic diseases — such as Cancer, HIV/AIDS, Rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and other chronic inflammatory diseases — can interfere with the production of red blood cells, resulting in chronic Anemia.
Kidney failure also can cause Anemia.
❇️Aplastic anemia.
This very rare life-threatening Anemia is caused by a decrease in the bone marrow's ability to produce red blood cells.
Causes of Aplastic anemiainclude infections, drugs and autoimmune diseases.
❇️Anemias associated with bone marrow disease.
A variety of diseases, such as Leukemia, myelodysplasia or Myelofibrosis, can cause Anemia by affecting blood production in your bone marrow.
The effects of these types of Cancer and Cancer-like disorders vary from a mild alteration in blood production to a complete life-threatening shutdown of the blood-making process.
Other Cancers of the blood or bone marrow — such as Multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative disorders and Lymphoma — also can cause Anemia.
❇️Hemolytic Anemias.
This group of Anemias develops when red blood cells are destroyed faster than bone marrow can replace them.
Certain blood diseases can cause increased red blood cell destruction.
You can inherit a hemolytic Anemia, or you can develop it later in life.
❇️Sickle cell anemia.
This inherited and sometimes serious Anemia is caused by a defective form of hemoglobin that forces red blood cells to assume an abnormal crescent (sickle) shape. These irregular-shaped red blood cells die prematurely, resulting in a chronic shortage of red blood cells.
❇️Other Anemias. There are several other rarer forms of Anemia, such as Thalassemia and Anemias caused by defective hemoglobin.
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@LabMed2017
Common types of Anemia and their causes include:
❇️Iron deficiency anemia.
Iron deficiency anemia is caused by a shortage of the element iron in your body.
Your bone marrow needs iron to make hemoglobin.
Without adequate iron, your body can't produce enough hemoglobin for red blood cells.
This type of Anemia is often caused by blood loss, such as from heavy menstrual bleeding, an ulcer, Cancer, a polyp somewhere in your digestive system, and prolonged use of aspirin or drugs known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
❇️Vitamin deficiency anemias.
in addition to iron, your body needs folate and vitamin B-12 to produce sufficient numbers of healthy red blood cells.
A diet lacking in these and other key nutrients can cause decreased red blood cell production.
Additionally, some people may eat enough B-12, but their bodies aren't able to process the vitamin.
This can lead to Vitamin deficiency anemia, also known as pernicious Anemia.
❇️Anemia of chronic disease.
Certain chronic diseases — such as Cancer, HIV/AIDS, Rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and other chronic inflammatory diseases — can interfere with the production of red blood cells, resulting in chronic Anemia.
Kidney failure also can cause Anemia.
❇️Aplastic anemia.
This very rare life-threatening Anemia is caused by a decrease in the bone marrow's ability to produce red blood cells.
Causes of Aplastic anemiainclude infections, drugs and autoimmune diseases.
❇️Anemias associated with bone marrow disease.
A variety of diseases, such as Leukemia, myelodysplasia or Myelofibrosis, can cause Anemia by affecting blood production in your bone marrow.
The effects of these types of Cancer and Cancer-like disorders vary from a mild alteration in blood production to a complete life-threatening shutdown of the blood-making process.
Other Cancers of the blood or bone marrow — such as Multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative disorders and Lymphoma — also can cause Anemia.
❇️Hemolytic Anemias.
This group of Anemias develops when red blood cells are destroyed faster than bone marrow can replace them.
Certain blood diseases can cause increased red blood cell destruction.
You can inherit a hemolytic Anemia, or you can develop it later in life.
❇️Sickle cell anemia.
This inherited and sometimes serious Anemia is caused by a defective form of hemoglobin that forces red blood cells to assume an abnormal crescent (sickle) shape. These irregular-shaped red blood cells die prematurely, resulting in a chronic shortage of red blood cells.
❇️Other Anemias. There are several other rarer forms of Anemia, such as Thalassemia and Anemias caused by defective hemoglobin.
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@LabMed2017
🔍لاتنسونا من دعائكم
غدا باذن الله نكمل معاكم موضوع
RISK FACTORS of anemia
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@LabMed2017
غدا باذن الله نكمل معاكم موضوع
RISK FACTORS of anemia
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@LabMed2017
🔬نادي التحاليل الطبية 💉
🔍لاتنسونا من دعائكم غدا باذن الله نكمل معاكم موضوع RISK FACTORS of anemia •┈┈┈❈••✦✾✦••❈•┈┈┈• @LabMed2017
RISK FACTORS
🎓These factors place you at increased risk of Anemia:
🦋A diet lacking in certain vitamins.
Choosing a diet that is consistently low in iron, vitamin B-12 and folate increases your risk of Anemia.
🦋Intestinal disorders.
Having an intestinal disorder that affects the absorption of nutrients in your small intestine — such as Crohn's disease and Celiac disease — puts you at risk of Anemia. Surgical removal of or surgery to the parts of your small intestine where nutrients are absorbed can lead to nutrient deficiencies and Anemia.
🦋Menstruation.
In general, women who haven't experienced Menopause have a greater risk of Iron deficiency anemia than do men and postmenopausal women.
That's because menstruation causes the loss of red blood cells.
🦋Pregnancy.
If you're pregnant, you're at an increased risk of Iron deficiency anemiabecause your iron stores have to serve your increased blood volume as well as be a source of hemoglobin for your growing baby.
🦋Chronic conditions.
For example, if you have Cancer, kidney or liver failure, or another chronic condition, you may be at risk of Anemia of chronic disease.
These conditions can lead to a shortage of red blood cells.
Slow, chronic blood loss from an ulcer or other source within your body can deplete your body's store of iron, leading to Iron deficiency anemia.
🦋Family history.
If your family has a history of an inherited Anemia, such as Sickle cell anemia, you also may be at increased risk of the condition.
🦋Other factors.
A history of certain infections, blood diseases and autoimmune disorders, alcoholism, exposure to toxic chemicals, and the use of some medications can affect red blood cell production and lead to Anemia.
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@LabMed2017
🎓These factors place you at increased risk of Anemia:
🦋A diet lacking in certain vitamins.
Choosing a diet that is consistently low in iron, vitamin B-12 and folate increases your risk of Anemia.
🦋Intestinal disorders.
Having an intestinal disorder that affects the absorption of nutrients in your small intestine — such as Crohn's disease and Celiac disease — puts you at risk of Anemia. Surgical removal of or surgery to the parts of your small intestine where nutrients are absorbed can lead to nutrient deficiencies and Anemia.
🦋Menstruation.
In general, women who haven't experienced Menopause have a greater risk of Iron deficiency anemia than do men and postmenopausal women.
That's because menstruation causes the loss of red blood cells.
🦋Pregnancy.
If you're pregnant, you're at an increased risk of Iron deficiency anemiabecause your iron stores have to serve your increased blood volume as well as be a source of hemoglobin for your growing baby.
🦋Chronic conditions.
For example, if you have Cancer, kidney or liver failure, or another chronic condition, you may be at risk of Anemia of chronic disease.
These conditions can lead to a shortage of red blood cells.
Slow, chronic blood loss from an ulcer or other source within your body can deplete your body's store of iron, leading to Iron deficiency anemia.
🦋Family history.
If your family has a history of an inherited Anemia, such as Sickle cell anemia, you also may be at increased risk of the condition.
🦋Other factors.
A history of certain infections, blood diseases and autoimmune disorders, alcoholism, exposure to toxic chemicals, and the use of some medications can affect red blood cell production and lead to Anemia.
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@LabMed2017
COMPLICATIONS
Left untreated, Anemia can cause numerous complications, such as:
❇️Severe fatigue.
When Anemia is severe enough, you may be so tired that you can't complete everyday tasks.
You may be too exhausted to work or play.
❇️Heart problems.
Anemia can lead to a rapid or irregular heartbeat — an arrhythmia.
Your heart must pump more blood to compensate for the lack of oxygen in the blood when you're anemic.
This can even lead to congestive Heart failure.
❇️Death.
Some inherited Anemias, such as Sickle cell anemia, can be serious and lead to life-threatening complications.
Losing a lot of blood quickly results in acute, severe Anemia and can be fatal.
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@LabMed2017
Left untreated, Anemia can cause numerous complications, such as:
❇️Severe fatigue.
When Anemia is severe enough, you may be so tired that you can't complete everyday tasks.
You may be too exhausted to work or play.
❇️Heart problems.
Anemia can lead to a rapid or irregular heartbeat — an arrhythmia.
Your heart must pump more blood to compensate for the lack of oxygen in the blood when you're anemic.
This can even lead to congestive Heart failure.
❇️Death.
Some inherited Anemias, such as Sickle cell anemia, can be serious and lead to life-threatening complications.
Losing a lot of blood quickly results in acute, severe Anemia and can be fatal.
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@LabMed2017
PREPARING FOR YOUR APPOINTMENT
Make an appointment with your primary care doctor if you have prolonged fatigue or other signs or symptoms that worry you.
If you're diagnosed with a type of Anemia that requires more complex treatment, such as Aplastic anemia or Anemia caused by other diseases, you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in blood disorders (hematologist).
Because appointments can be brief and there's often a lot of ground to cover, it's a good idea to be well-prepared. Here's some information to help you get ready.
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@LabMed2017
Make an appointment with your primary care doctor if you have prolonged fatigue or other signs or symptoms that worry you.
If you're diagnosed with a type of Anemia that requires more complex treatment, such as Aplastic anemia or Anemia caused by other diseases, you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in blood disorders (hematologist).
Because appointments can be brief and there's often a lot of ground to cover, it's a good idea to be well-prepared. Here's some information to help you get ready.
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@LabMed2017
What you can do?
❇️List any symptoms you're experiencing,
including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for which you scheduled the appointment.
❇️List key personal information,
including any major stresses or recent life changes.
❇️Make a list of all medications,
vitamins or supplements that you're taking to show your doctor.
❇️List questions to ask
your doctor.
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@LabMed2017
❇️List any symptoms you're experiencing,
including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for which you scheduled the appointment.
❇️List key personal information,
including any major stresses or recent life changes.
❇️Make a list of all medications,
vitamins or supplements that you're taking to show your doctor.
❇️List questions to ask
your doctor.
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@LabMed2017
Your time with your doctor is limited, so preparing a list of questions can help you make the most of your appointment.
List your questions from most important to least important in case time runs out.
List your questions from most important to least important in case time runs out.
For Anemia, some basic questions to ask your doctor include:
❇️What's the most likely cause of my symptoms?
❇️Are there other possible causes for my symptoms?
❇️What kinds of tests do I need?
❇️What caused my Anemia?
❇️Is my Anemia likely temporary, or will I always have it?
❇️What treatments are available? What are the possible side effects of each?
❇️What treatment do you recommend for me?
❇️I have these other health conditions. How can I best manage these conditions together?
❇️Do I need to follow any dietary restrictions?
❇️Are there foods I need to add to my diet? How often do I need to eat these foods?
❇️Do you have any brochures or other printed material that I can take with me? What websites do you recommend?
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In addition to the questions that you've prepared to ask your doctor, don't hesitate to ask additional questions during your appointment.
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@LabMed2017
❇️What's the most likely cause of my symptoms?
❇️Are there other possible causes for my symptoms?
❇️What kinds of tests do I need?
❇️What caused my Anemia?
❇️Is my Anemia likely temporary, or will I always have it?
❇️What treatments are available? What are the possible side effects of each?
❇️What treatment do you recommend for me?
❇️I have these other health conditions. How can I best manage these conditions together?
❇️Do I need to follow any dietary restrictions?
❇️Are there foods I need to add to my diet? How often do I need to eat these foods?
❇️Do you have any brochures or other printed material that I can take with me? What websites do you recommend?
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In addition to the questions that you've prepared to ask your doctor, don't hesitate to ask additional questions during your appointment.
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@LabMed2017