نشرت منظمة الصحة العالمية مؤخرا قائمة البكتيريا التي بحاجة ماسة إلى المضادات الحيوية الجديدة

وتم تقسيم هذة القائمة حسب الدراسات والأبحاث إلى ثلاثة أولويات

الأولية الأولى الهامة أو الخطيرة
Priority 1: CRITICAL
Acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenem-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant, ESBL-producing

الأولية الثانية اقل خطورة لكن تعتبر عالية الأهمية
Priority 2: HIGH
Enterococcus faecium, vancomycin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-intermediate and resistant
Helicobacter pylori, clarithromycin-resistant
Campylobacter spp., fluoroquinolone-resistant
Salmonellae, fluoroquinolone-resistant
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, cephalosporin-resistant, fluoroquinolone-resistant

الأولية الثالثة متوسطة خطورة
Priority 3: MEDIUM
Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin-non-susceptible
Haemophilus influenzae, ampicillin-resistant
Shigella spp., fluoroquinolone-resistant

رابط الخبر وهناك الكثير من التفاصيل والخبر بتاريخ ٢٧ فبراير ٢٠١٧

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/bacteria-antibiotics-needed/en/

نقله لكم
@trqziz

Kisameet Clay Exhibits Potent Antibacterial Activity against the ESKAPE Pathogens
الطين القاتل البكتيريا القاتلة
وقد أظهرت باحثون من جامعة كولومبيا البريطانية أن الطين الطبيعي يمكن أن يكون حلا واعدا لعلاج العدوى التي تهدد الحياة.

وفقا للأبحاث أن التربة الطينية ما هو معروف جيدا قبل قرون عديدة من قبل كولومبيا البريطانية وايضا بكندا لعلاج أمراض مثل الأمراض الجلدية أو التهابات. في 1940s الأطباء لعلاج مجموعة متنوعة من الظروف في فانكوفر تحرق لالتهاب القولون التقرحي المستخدمة، ولكن مع ظهور المضادات الحيوية، وقد نسي العلاج بالطين.

تركز الأبحاث على اختيار من البكتيريا التي تشمل مسببات الأمراض مثل هذه الجرثومة، والمعروفة باسم ESKAPE المجموعة والبكتيريا مثل الالتهاب الرئوي وتسمم الدم هي أمراض خطيرة. الآن تحديد سبل جديدة لمكافحة البكتيريا مهمة جدا لأنها صعبة جدا لعلاج ومقاومة لمعظم المضادات الحيوية.

بعد العلاج من السلالات المقاومة للمضادات الحيوية، ووجد الباحثون أن الطين يمكن أن تدمر بنجاح جميع السلالات، والتي تعكس قدرات مثيرة للإعجاب في مجال مكافحة الأمراض البكتيرية.

على الرغم من أن هذه النتائج الأولية واعدة جدا، ولكن العلماء لازالوا يفقدون الآلية الدقيقة التي تستخدم الطين والتي تقتل البكتيريا من خاالها.
Kisameet طين به مزيج معقد من العديد من المعادن . ومن الممكن جمع بين التربة الكيميائية والفيزيائية، وذلك بسبب يمكن استخدامه لوقف نشاط للميكروبات واستخدامه بديل للمضادات الحيوية .

البكتيريا المعروفة باسم ESKAPE ما يلي:
Enterococcus fascism
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumonia
Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter species
رابط الخبر
http://mbio.asm.org/content/7/1/e01842-15
نقله لكم
@trqziz

‍ كتاب في علم الطفيليات والفطريات 📙
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Foundations of Microbiology
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Questions 14–21 🔻🔻⤵️🔻🔻
& Answers Tomorrow

14. Plate 14 is a fecal specimen unstained seen under 400× using brightfield microscopy.
The plate shows the ovum of which parasite?
💚. N. americanus
💙. T. trichiura
💜. A. lumbricoides
❤. E. vermicularis
#Parasitology
@LabMed2016

15. Plate 15 is an iodine-stained fecal specimen seen under 400× using brightfield microscopy.
The plate shows the ovum of which parasite?
💚. Pinworm
💙. Threadworm
💜. Hookworm
❤. Whipworm
#Parasitology
@LabMed2016

16. Plate 16 is an unstained fecal specimen seen under 400× using brightfield microscopy.
The plate shows the ovum of which parasite?
💚. Clonorchis sinensis
💙. Fasciola hepatica
💜. Paragonimus westermani
❤. Fasciolopsis buski
#Parasitology
@MicroMLS

17. Plate 17 is an unstained fecal specimen seen under 400× using brightfield microscopy.
The plate shows the ovum of which parasite?
💚. Fasciola hepatica
💙. Paragonimus westermani
💜. Metagonimus yokogawai
❤. Opisthorchis viverrini
#Parasitology
@MicroMLS

18. Plate 18 is a peripheral blood film stained with Giemsa’s stain, 1,000×.
What condition is suspected from this field?
💚. Macrocytic anemia
💙. Agranulocytosis
💜. Relapsing fever
❤. Lead poisoning
#Hematology
@Hematologys

19. Plate 19 shows an organism isolated from an eye wash of
a patient with a cornea infection who had been wearing contact lenses for the past 2 years.
What is the name of the causative agent?
💚. Naegleria spp.
💙. Acanthamoeba spp.
💜. Entamoeba histolytica
❤. Trichomonas vaginalis
#Parasitology
@MicroMLS

20. Plate 20 is a Wright’s-stained peripheral blood film, 1,000×.
Which malarial stage is present in
the RBC in the center of the plate?
💚. Ring trophozoite of Plasmodium vivax
💙. Mature trophozoite of Plasmodium malariae
💜. Macrogametocyte stage of Plasmodium
falciparum
❤. Mature gametocyte stage of Plasmodium ovale
#Parasitology
@LabMed2016

21. Plate 21 is a modified acid-fast stain with malachite green counterstain of a stool specimen,
1,000× magnification.
The oocysts seen in this field are approximately 5 μ in diameter. Which organism is present?
💚. Isospora belli
💙. Cryptosporidium parvum
💜. Cyclospora spp.
❤. Sarcocystis spp.
#Parasitology
@MicroMLS

🔴Answers to Questions 14━21

14. 💜 Ascaris ova are large and oval, usually measuring
50–75 μ long by 35–50 μ wide. They are often bile stained and may have a thick shell with a coarse covering (corticated).
This egg demonstrates a
contracted embryo, leaving space between the shell and the embryo at the opposing poles.
This indicates that the egg is fertilized.
http://bit.ly/2mRa3re
•◎●━━━🌱📖🌱━━━●◎•

15. 💜 Hookworm ova are approximately 60–75 μ in length and 35–40 μ in width.
They have a thin outer shell usually containing an unembryonated or partly embryonated egg within.
The ova of Necator and Ancylostoma cannot be differentiated from one another.
Threadworm (Strongyloides) produces similar ova, but these hatch in the intestine, releasing
the rhabditoid larvae that are found in the feces.
Pinworm (Enterobius) ova are approximately the same size but are more elongated and flat on one side.
Whipworm (Trichuris) ova are smaller and thick walled with mucus plugs at both ends.
http://bit.ly/2mpJ0Y9
•◎●━━━🌱📖🌱━━━●◎•

16. ☞💚 C. sinensis produces small, bile-stained ova approximately 25–35 μ in length and 10–20 μ in width.
Ova have a collar (shoulder) on both sides of the operculum and a knob at the end opposite the operculum.
Fasciola, Paragonimus, and Fasciolopsis all produce large, yellow-brown operculated ova.
http://bit.ly/2mpolTQ
•◎●━━━🌱📖🌱━━━●◎•

17. ☞💙 P. westermani produces large, operculated ova measuring approximately 80–100 μ in length
and 50–70 μ in width.
They are yellow-brown and nonembryonated.
Metagonimus and Opisthorchis ova are small ova resembling
Clonorchis.
Fasciola produces ova that are also yellow-brown, operculated, and unembryonated.
The ova are larger than Paragonimus and lack the small shoulders adjacent to the operculum of Paragonimus ova.
http://bit.ly/2mR7RAd
•◎●━━━🌱📖🌱━━━●◎•

18. ☞💜 This field shows long helical bacteria between red blood cells (RBCs) of normal size and color.
These spirochetes are sometimes seen in the blood of patients suffering from the febrile septic phase of infection with Borrelia or Leptospira spp.
The former are more commonly encountered in differential
exams, especially in patients infected with Borrelia recurrentis and other species that cause relapsing fever.
Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is rarely seen in Wright’s-stained blood
films and is usually diagnosed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and other serological methods.

19. ☞💙 This is a large trophozoite with spiculated cytoplasm characteristic of Acanthamoeba.
Eye infections caused by this organism have been documented in contact lens wearers who do not
properly disinfect lenses. Acanthamoeba spp.
are large trophozoites measuring 25–50 μ.
They may also cause primary amoebic meningoencephalitis,
although they are isolated less often than Naegleria in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with this disease.

•◎●━━━🌱📖🌱━━━●◎•

20. ☞💚 The infected RBC demonstrates enlarged
amoeba-like cytoplasm and Schüffner’s dots, which are characteristic of P. vivax and ovale.
The parasite is at the ring-form trophozoite stage.

•◎●━━━🌱📖🌱━━━●◎•

21. ☞💙 All of the organisms listed are coccidian parasites that cause diarrhea, especially in immunodeficient patients such as those with AIDS.
Cryptosporidium produces the smallest oocysts (half the size of Cyclospora, which is the next smallest) and is visible in stools using either the acid-fast or immunofluorescent stainingtechniques.
The oocysts are round, about 5 μ in diameter, and deep pink.

#Parasitology
@MicroMLS

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