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DeFi in Ether vol.63
Biweekly update on the Ethereum DeFi ecosystem, 8th November — 22nd November

$38 in DeFi, Uniswap releases Permit2 and a universal router, Aave on Aztec, The 1inch Router v5 is here, Kyber Network partners with Lido, dYdX introduces Swap Mode, Gnosis will undergo the Merge in early December, FTX collapse, and much more!

TL;DR
—$38B in DeFi this week, currently at ~ $38.1B.
—Uniswap released Permit2 and a universal router, to improve ERC20 token approvals and integrate swaps into one router. The team is offering up to $3,000,000 to anyone who finds a bug in the Permit2 or Universal Router smart contracts. On November 16th, Uniswap became the second-largest exchange after Binance for Ethereum trading in the last 24 hours.
—Yearn <> CoW Swap: After months of working on a yearn cowswap solver, the team reached production-ready code. Now you can do complex swaps in CoW Swap like, 3CRV <-> yvSNX. Yearn is committed to settling all strategies trades through CoW Swap and trying to get as many cows as possible to increase users' revenue. yBribe has been introduced: Yearn’s new bribe platform for Curve gauge voting.
—Latest Aave News: Gateway NFT for all grantees to claim, Aave on Aztec, Gauntlet snapshot, Certora renewal, 100K BAL acquisition, and more.
—Compound Proposal 134 ‘CGP 2.0 by Questbook’ has failed. Previously, Proposal 131 ‘Risk Parameter Updates for 1 Collateral Asset’ has passed successfully.
—The 1inch Router v5 is released. The 1inch Wallet for iOS upgrades are out. The iOS version of the 1inch Wallet is back on the App Store, offering a more intuitive user experience and compatibility with other wallets. Aggregation of on-ramp providers and NFT support added to the 1inch Wallet for Android.
— Gnosis Core Devs released dates last week for the much-anticipated merge aiming for December 5th, 2022. The Merge is a significant shift for Gnosis, replacing the legacy PoA consensus with the open and non-permissioned Beacon Chain consensus. This allows Gnosis to transition to a fully decentralized and permissionless PoS network, mirroring Ethereum.
—Introducing Swap Mode: Trade perpetuals with a familiar yet powerful UI. Live on the dYdX iOS app.
—How to use UMA’s optimistic oracle to verify any truth trustlessly: Video workshop.
—Nexus Mutual news: An overview of Hodlnaut claims and payouts, the Slashing Coverage Program announced with Liquid Collective, claims filing information about FTX and BlockFi, and more.
—Highlights from 0xpo and ETHSanFrancisco.
—Balancer Relayers and Pool Migrations explained. Frax Finance is now part of the Balancer ecosystem.
—Kyber Network partners with Lido to bring the best wstETH liquidity to the Ethereum mainnet. Dr. Chan Nam Ngo) from the Kyber Research Team has been published in IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, documenting research on Cryptographic and Financial Fairness.
—LRC Staking is coming to Loopring L2. Staking ETH with Rocket Pool is now live on Loopring.
—Synthetix V3 update by CC Noah.
—Moving on from Alameda: As the Ren 1.0 network will be sunset within 30 days, the team highly recommends users to bridge back their Ren-assets, such as renBTC, to their native chain as soon as possible.
—Maker Teleport: fast DAI withdrawals from Arbitrum/Optimism to mainnet.
—It’s speculated that the FTX collapse will trigger a move away from centralization.
—And more!

#Defi_in_Ether #Ethereum https://medium.com/paradigm-research/defi-in-ether-38-in-defi-uniswap-releases-permit2-and-a-universal-router-aave-on-aztec-the-c78b661a5e8e
𝐒𝐓/ Elusive, dusty inner region of distant galaxy
Space biweekly vol.65, 9th November — 23d November

TL;DR
— An international team of scientists has achieved the milestone of directly observing the long-sought, innermost dusty ring around a supermassive black hole, at a right angle to its emerging jet. Such a structure was thought to exist in the nucleus of galaxies but had been difficult to observe directly because intervening material obscured our line of sight.
— A research team has reconstructed the origin of an unusual gravitational wave signal. The signal GW190521 may result from the merger of two massive black holes that captured each other in their gravitational field and then collided while spinning around each other in a rapid, eccentric motion.
— New data throws out the textbook picture of a spherical stellar halo and reinforces a dynamic origin story of two galaxies that collided billions of years ago.
— When Mars was a young planet, it was bombarded by icy asteroids that delivered water and organic chemistry necessary for life to emerge. According to the professor behind a new study, this means that the first life in our solar system may have been on Mars.
— A team of astronomers has found that planet formation in our young Solar System started much earlier than previously thought, with the building blocks of planets growing at the same time as their parent star.
— First in line to receive data transmissions from the James Webb Space Telescope, a team of astronomers is using unprecedentedly clear observations to reveal the secret inner workings of galaxies.
— An international research team has succeeded in significantly narrowing the scope for the existence of dark matter. The experiment makes an important contribution to the search for these particles.
— Space scientists may need to rethink how gamma-ray bursts are formed after new research shows new-born supermassive stars, not black holes, are sometimes responsible for these huge extragalactic bursts of energy.
— It is still a glimpse into the future: Astronauts could be put into artificial hibernation and in this state be better protected from cosmic radiation. At present, there are already promising approaches to follow up such considerations. An international research team now has found decisive indications of the possible benefits of artificial hibernation for radiation resistance.
— In two connected studies, engineers, astrophysicists, astrobiologists, and astronauts lay out the research that needs to be done to get us closer to answering the old-age question about life beyond Earth, and explore the possibility of extraterrestrial life living in caves.
— Upcoming industry events. And more!

#ST #Space https://medium.com/paradigm-research/st-elusive-dusty-inner-region-of-distant-galaxy-6d25a05fd318
NS/ Nine paralysis patients walk again thanks to newly identified neurons
Neuroscience biweekly vol. 71, 9th November — 23rd November

TL;DR
—A new study has identified nerve cells that are altered in response to a spinal cord stimulation technique proven to restore walking ability in people once thought to be permanently paralyzed. The study involved restoring movement in nine patients with severe spinal cord injury before examining damage at a cellular level in a mouse population. This analysis revealed that two populations of neurons in the lumbar spinal cord were prioritized in response to the stimulation. The research is published in Nature.
—A new approach to stem cell therapy that uses antibodies instead of traditional immunosuppressant drugs robustly preserves cells in mouse brains and has the potential to fast-track trials in humans, a new study suggests. Suppression with monoclonal antibodies enabled the long-term survival of human stem cell transplants in mouse brains for at least six to eight months, while the cell grafts did not survive more than two weeks in most animals when using standard immunosuppressant drugs.
—Rejuvenating the immune cells that live in tissues surrounding the brain improves fluid flow and waste clearance from the brain — and may help treat or even prevent neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, according to a new study.
—The autonomic nervous system is known as the control center for involuntary bodily processes such as the beating of our hearts and our breathing. The fact that this part of the nervous system also has the ability to spontaneously restore muscle function following a nerve injury was recently discovered. Their findings may form the basis for improving and developing interventions to treat nerve lesions.
—A scalpel-free, high-tech form of brain surgery pioneered at UVA Health offers long-term relief for patients with essential tremor, a common movement disorder, a five-year review shows.
—Using an innovative technology that enables imaging of two individuals during live and natural conditions, researchers have identified specific brain areas in the dorsal parietal region of the brain associated with the social symptomatology of autism.
—Researchers have discovered that the neurotransmitter adenosine effectively acts as a brake to dopamine, another well-known neurotransmitter involved in motor control. The discovery could immediately suggest new avenues of drug development to treat symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, a movement disorder where the loss of dopamine-producing cells has been widely implicated as a cause.
—We breathe to survive. But a breath of fresh air does more than fill our lungs. New research indicates that breathing impacts our emotions, attention and how we can process the outside world.
—Beer is one of the oldest and most popular beverages in the world, with some people loving it and others hating the distinct, bitter taste of the hops used to flavor its many varieties. But an especially ‘hoppy’ brew might have unique health benefits. Recent research reports that chemicals extracted from hop flowers can, in lab dishes, inhibit the clumping of amyloid beta proteins, which is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
—By studying the visual system of an octopus, researchers hope to understand how its brain organization compares to that of humans and other vertebrates. Their results could provide insight into the evolution of visual systems across species.
—And more!

#NS #Neuroscience https://medium.com/paradigm-research/ns-nine-paralysis-patients-walk-again-thanks-to-newly-identified-neurons-9c847f3b9ba2
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L2 report vol. 10📚
A biweekly update on Layer2 protocols, 10th November — 24th November

TL;DR
—Arbitrum now has 9 validators. Cross-chain messaging on Arbitrum Nova is now enabled via Celer Network’s Celer IM.
—MakerDAO launches Teleport L2->L1 DAI fast bridge for Optimism, Arbitrum.
—zkSync announced $200M in Series C funding, with the round co-led by Blockchain and Dragonfly Capital. Furthermore, the team decided to go full open source and reserve ⅔ of a potential future token for the ecosystem.
—Metis celebrated 1 year on mainnet with refund campaign.
—Magic Eden comes to Polygon to accelerate blockchain games development. Login with Unstoppable is coming to Polygon with $10,000 prizes pot for DApps.
—Scroll zkEVM, engineer’s point of view — Geometry Research.
—StarkNet token is deployed on Ethereum. Mainnet/testnet forking feature is available on StarkNet devnet. StarkNet passes 1m transactions.
—The Aztec team has deployed a new signup flow for zkmoney. Aave is live on Aztec.
—ZKSwap V2 mainnet (ETH, BSC) plans to cease operations, users advised to migrate assets to ZKSpace.
—The next evolution of Immutable’s developer experience.
—Staking ETH with Rocket Pool is now live on Loopring.
—Coinbase adds support for Optimism deposits & withdrawals.
—Join Justin Drake (Ethereum Foundation), Dankrad Feist (Ethereum Foundation), Protolambor (OP Labs), Seeram Kannan (EigenLayer) and Josh Bowen (Celestia Labs) as they discuss the topic of Building Novel Applications with Rollups.
—The Ethereum Foundation sponsors grants to support layer 2 applications, analytics and education.
—Exploring Blockchain Scaling Solutions — TOKEN2049 London 2022.
—L2 stats. Check out how much it costs to use Layer 2.
—And more!

#Layer2 #L2 https://medium.com/paradigm-research/l2-report-vol-10-5bdf7e731e9d
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DAOs biweekly vol.36
11th November — 25th November

ENS chooses Karpatkey as fund manager, Optimism introduces Grants Council for Season 3, Aragon presents BatRaVot, Cosmos rejects ATOM 2.0, Curve publishes whitepaper and code for stablecoin, Mango hacker fails to exploit Aave, Compound’s CIP-1 approved, and more!

TL;DR
— Aragon ZK team presented their research developing BatRaVot (Batched Ratified Voting), which is a new voting framework for off-chain voting with on-chain execution. Updating Aragon’s DEX Strategy proposal is under discussion
— Aave freezes REN market because of its FTX exposure. Gauntlet <> Aave Renewal proposal failed. Strategy on sunset of Aave v1 proposal active. Furthermore, Mango hacker fails to exploit Aave.
— In response to current market conditions, Maker governance executed several parameter changes. Furthermore, MakerDAO Governance voted to offboard the RENBTC-A vault type
— Compound’s vote to adopt CIP-1 as the foundational process for Compound Improvement Proposals approved. Proposal 134 failed
— Curve publishes whitepaper and code for stablecoin
— GnosisDAO’s GIP-71 (Should GnosisDAO support hosted Blockscout explorer for Chiado testnet?) passed on Snapshot
— Gitcoin expands governance participation to long-term partners
— Balancer’s BIPs 108–110 passed, 111 &112 failed
— Index Coop’s IIP 169: Purchase MVI from Metaportal proposal approved
— PieDAO’s [Gate 1] Auxo Migration proposal passed. Treasury DOUGH burning proposal is live on the forum
— IdleDAO’s [IIP-27] & [IIP-28] approved
— The Nexus Mutual’s members pay 1.04M+ for Hodlnaut claims
— Badger DAO’s BIP 99 approved
— Synthetix SIPs for Perps V2 (279, 280, 281, 285) are being reviewed by the auditors. SIP-288 released, adding 1inch exchange contracts to the Direct Integration Manager
— Uniswap’s [RFC] Community governance process changes. Uniswap Foundation Grants Wish List is out
— Yam’s Redemption Proposal passed option 1: Open redemption forever only
— Yearn’s Activate veYFI proposal is live on the forum
— CFTC pushes back against amicus briefs in Ooki DAO lawsuit
— Cosmos fails to pass ATOM2.0 Whitepaper
— Optimism introduces a Grants Council for Season 3
— Osmosis debates Grant Program renewal
— ENS selects Karpatkey DAO to manage its endowment fund
— Solana liquidity hub Serum forked after possible compromise in FTX hack
— FWB's Update to FWB Mission, Vision, Strategy, and Principles proposal approved
— Krause House: Core Team Funding proposal passed
— SafeDAO has responded to the FTX collapse by voting against enabling transferability of SAFE
— dYdX votes to launch an operations subDAO
— Redacted votes to extend its DAO operations budget
— BanklessDAO’s DAOStewards funding proposal
— GMX <> Redacted partnership proposal
— Polkadot Referendum 86 passed unanimously. Polkadot’s new governance system is live on Kusama
— ApeCoin DAO launches community-driven NFT marketplace
— Decentraland DAO considers pausing grants as FTX collapse spotlights diversification
— Active proposals: Aave, Index Coop, MakerDAO, Synthetix, Uniswap
— New & ongoing discussions: Balancer, GitcoinDAO, PieDAO, Compound, mStable, Yam Finance, Curve, Yearn Finance, Nexus Mutual, LidoDAO, BancorDAO, Akropolis, GnosisDAO, PoolTogether, API3, Idle, KyberDAO, Kleros, Badger DAO
— Podcasts on DAOs
— And more!

#DAO https://medium.com/paradigm-research/daos-ens-chooses-karpatkey-as-fund-manager-optimism-introduces-grants-council-for-season-3-49107acc9d59
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𝗖𝗿𝘆𝗽𝘁𝗼 𝗥𝗲𝗴𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗡𝗲𝘄𝘀 vol. 105
14th November — 28th November

Bank of Japan to run CBDC experiments with country’s megabanks, IMF calls for tighter crypto regulation in Africa, FTX stake in US bank raises concerns about banking loopholes, UK lawmakers support easy seizure of crypto linked to terrorist activity, Russia intends to launch a national crypto exchange, and more!

TL;DR
— US lawyers detail the ‘abrupt and difficult’ collapse of FTX in first bankruptcy hearing. FTX stake in US bank raises concerns about banking loopholes. FTX bankruptcy judge says creditor information can be redacted
— SEC chair’s crypto oversight strategy in question as ecosystems collapse
— CFTC bypassed legal requirement in trying to serve Ooki DAO, crypto supporters claim
— US senators ask Fidelity to reconsider Bitcoin 401(k) offerings following FTX collapse. US senators ask bank regulators to ‘review’ SoFi’s crypto listings
— US state regulators investigating crypto trading firm Genesis Global Capital
— California finance regulator moves to suspend crypto lender Salt’s license
— New York imposes 2-year moratorium on on air permits for fossil fuel power plants used for energy-intensive PoW cryptocurrency mining. NY Fed launches 12-week CBDC pilot program with major banks
— Binance US steps into national politics with new campaign PAC
— US court approves deadline for Celsius customers to file proofs of claim
— UK crypto fraud climbs by a third to over $270M. UK lawmakers support easy seizure of crypto linked to terrorist activity
— Belgium says BTC, ETH and other decentralized coins are not securities
— Turkish authorities order seizure of ‘suspicious’ FTX assets
— EU-based crypto exchange Bitpanda secures crypto license in Germany
— Two estonian citizens charged with running a series of crypto scams totaling $575M
— Bank of Japan to run CBDC experiments with country’s megabanks
— Hong Kong believes stablecoin volatility can spillover to traditional finance
— South Korea investigates crypto exchanges for listing native tokens. South Korea seizes $104M from Terra co-founder suspecting unfair profits
— Bahamas securities regulator blasts ‘inaccurate’ accusations made by FTX
— Russia intends to launch a ‘national crypto exchange’. Furthermore, Russian bill would legalize crypto mining, sales under ‘experimental legal regime’
— Australia’s markets watchdog sues fintech company Block Earner
— El Salvador proposes digital securities bill, paves way for bitcoin bonds
— Kenya proposes bill to tax crypto
— FTX collapse put the Singapore government in a parliamentary hot seat. Crypto lender Hodlnaut reportedly faces police investigation in Singapore
— Uzbekistan issues first crypto licenses to two local ‘crypto stores’
— UAE regulator revokes FTX license amid the exchange’s collapse
— Reserve Bank of India to launch a retail CBDC pilot in December
— IMF calls for tighter crypto regulation in Africa as the industry unfolds
— Shiba Inu developer says WEF wants to work with project to ‘help shape’ metaverse global policy
— First official DAO in the US to fight SEC without attorneys
— Uniswap’s new privacy policy sees backlash from decentralization buffs
— And more!

#Regulation https://medium.com/paradigm-research/crypto-regulation-news-bank-of-japan-to-run-cbdc-experiments-with-countrys-megabanks-imf-calls-b05e3f84d77a
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NT/ A nanoscale view of bubble formation
Nanotechnology & nanomaterials biweekly vol.36, 15th November — 28th November

TL;DR
—A nanoscale view of bubble formation: Using computer simulation, a research team succeeded in modeling the behavior of molecules at the liquid — gas interface at the nanometer scale, enabling them to describe the boiling process with extreme precision. The findings could be applied to future cooling systems for microprocessors, or to the production of carbon-neutral hydrogen, known as green hydrogen.
—Scientists have developed a new way to guide the self-assembly of a wide range of novel nanoscale structures using simple layered block copolymers as starting materials. The work could help guide the design of custom surface coatings with tailored optical, electronic, and mechanical properties for use in sensors, batteries, filters, and more.
—Researchers have discovered new properties of tiny magnetic whirlpools called skyrmions. Their pivotal discovery could lead to a new generation of microelectronics for memory storage with vastly improved energy efficiency.
—Using a unique combination technology, a team of researchers from Nagoya University in Japan has analyzed the mechanisms of the light-matter interaction in nanomaterials at the smallest and fastest levels.
—Scientists have discovered new waves with picometer-scale spatial variations of electromagnetic fields which can propagate in semiconductors like silicon.
—To design better rechargeable ion batteries, engineers and chemists have collaborated to combine a powerful new electron microscopy technique and data mining to visually pinpoint areas of chemical and physical alteration within ion batteries.
—Researchers have developed a static prevention technology using a triboelectric nanogenerator. The findings of this study facilitate improved and more efficient static prevention with commercialization potential by expanding the application range of triboelectric nanogenerators.
—The challenge of fabricating nanowires directly on silicon substrates for the creation of the next generation of electronics has finally been solved. Next-generation spintronics will lead to better memory storage mechanisms in computers, making them faster and more efficient.
—Researchers have published a new theory for making batches of carbon nanotubes with a single, desired chirality. Their method could simplify the purification of nanotubes that are all metallic or all semiconductors.
—First insights into engineering crystal growth by atomically precise metal nanoclusters have been achieved in a new study.
—And more!

#Nanotechnology #Nanomaterials #NT https://medium.com/paradigm-research/nt-a-nanoscale-view-of-bubble-formation-1ca829ee66d6
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𝐑𝐓/ ‘Butterfly bot’ is fastest swimming soft robot yet
Robotics biweekly vol.63, 15th November — 29th November

TL;DR
— Inspired by the biomechanics of the manta ray, researchers have developed an energy-efficient soft robot that can swim more than four times faster than previous swimming soft robots. The robots are called ‘butterfly bots,’ because their swimming motion resembles the way a person’s arms move when they are swimming the butterfly stroke.
— Researchers have designed a robotic system that enables a low-cost and relatively small legged robot to climb and descend stairs nearly its height; traverse rocky, slippery, uneven, steep and varied terrain; walk across gaps; scale rocks and curbs; and even operate in the dark.
— A multi-institution research team has developed an optical chip that can train machine learning hardware.
— Researchers used electrical pulses to watch nickel oxide undergo two responses, habituation and sensitization, bolstering the case for brain-inspired computing.
— Researchers have developed an alternative positioning system that is more robust and accurate than GPS, especially in urban settings. The working prototype that demonstrated this new mobile network infrastructure achieved an accuracy of 10 centimeter. This new technology is important for the implementation of a range of location-based applications, including automated vehicles, quantum communication and next-generation mobile communication systems.
— Sharing medical data between laboratories and medical experts is important for medical research. However, data sharing is often sufficiently complex and sometimes even impossible due to the strict data regulatory legislation in Europe. Researchers addressed the problem and developed an artificial neural network that creates synthetic x-ray images that can fool even medical experts.
— Researchers have created a ring-shaped soft robot capable of crawling across surfaces when exposed to elevated temperatures or infrared light. The researchers have demonstrated that these ‘ringbots’ are capable of pulling a small payload across the surface — in ambient air or under water, as well as passing through a gap that is narrower than its ring size.
— Bioengineers have developed a mechanically active adhesive named MAGENTA, which functions as a soft robotic device able to extend and contract muscles from the outside. In an animal model, MAGENTA successfully prevented and supported the recovery from muscle atrophy.
— Researchers have developed a new model to describe how biological or technical systems form complex structures without external guidance.
— Researchers have built a robot that can knock a ball into a hole using a club on a putting green on most attempts.
— And more!

#Robotics #RT https://medium.com/paradigm-research/rt-butterfly-bot-is-fastest-swimming-soft-robot-yet-52b5bd469b83
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𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗲 vol. 78
Biweekly update on the PoS ecosystem

TL;DR
—Gnosis Core Devs released dates last week for the merge aiming for December 7th.
—Maker adds Rocket Pool staked ETH as collateral.
—Staking on Litentry parachain is officially live.
—Ocean stakers can claim DF12 rewards. DF13 runs Nov 24-Dec 1 2022.
—Kyber Network partners with Lido to bring the best wstETH liquidity to Ethereum mainnet.
—Polkadot nomination pools have hit another milestone with more than 500,000 DOT currently bonded by pool members.
—Sub0, the Polkadot Developer Conference, is here.
—Algorand’s biggest event of the year — Decipher is coming to Dubai, November 28th — 30th.
—Filecoin Network v17 Shark upgrade is coming.
—Bifrost announces the official launch of the first parachain derivatives vGLMR & vMOVR.
—AVAX processed 68M transactions during September, up 51% from August.
—Learn about the BNB Chain Martian Program. The initiative is dedicated towards developing the BNB Chain ecosystem by presenting engaging opportunities for its members to help the core vision of the chain.
—Cardano builder Input Output Global invests in the future of blockchain with a $4.5M research hub at the University of Edinburgh.
—Applications for the 3rd cohort of the Interchain Developer Academy closed.
—IC People are excited about the launch of SNS-1. The DFINITY Foundation will vote to adopt on November 29th.
—Magic Eden comes to Polygon to accelerate blockchain games development.
—Synthetix V3 update by CC Noah is out.
—Dock has proven to be a successful use case for BurstIQ platforms, making data tamper-proof and verifiable with the help of Dock Certs.
—Elrond’s xExchange & MEX 2.0 outlook from Beniamin.
—Injective has officially released its fiat on-ramp with Kado.
—‘NEAR Transparency Report: the State of Staking’ is out.
—The iOS version of the 1inch Wallet is back on the App Store.
—Kava EVM 2.0 launches this holiday season.
—And much more!

#State_of_Stake https://medium.com/paradigm-research/state-of-stake-vol-78-3921dc328bc6
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𝗚𝗡/ DNA sequence enhances understanding origins of jaws
Genetics biweekly vol.42, 16th November — 30th November

TL;DR
— Researchers have discovered and characterized a DNA sequence found in jawed vertebrates, such as sharks and humans, but absent in jawless vertebrates, such as lampreys. This DNA is important for the shaping of the joint surfaces during embryo development.
— A new study points to introners, one of several proposed mechanisms for the creation of introns, as an explanation for the origins of most introns across species.
— Understanding how bats tolerate viral infections without developing symptoms may lead to better ways of combating human disease.
— Researchers demonstrate in a zebrafish model that two proteins prevent scar formation in the brain, thereby improving the ability of tissue to regenerate.
— Hollow spheres made of MYC proteins open new doors in cancer research, scientists report.
— A team of researchers has identified a group of human DNA sequences driving changes in brain development, digestion and immunity that seem to have evolved rapidly after our family line split from that of the chimpanzees, but before we split with the Neanderthals.
— Researchers have discovered a new height-reducing gene Rht13 which means that seeds can be planted deeper in the soil giving access to moisture, without the adverse effect on seedling emergence seen with existing wheat varieties.
— The Sox9 gene is upregulated in the absence of sex-determining Y chromosome and Sry gene in Amami spiny rat.
— A research group has revealed a new system that allows them to control the behavior of the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, using two different animal opsins, a type of light-sensitive protein.
— A team of researchers has discovered new insights into the evolution of color patterns in frogs and toads — collectively known as anurans. Animal color patterns can help them camouflage with their surroundings and avoid detection from preys or predators. Many anurans have a light stripe along their back, which, when observed from above, creates the optical illusion that the animal is split in two halves and confuses visually-oriented predators. Although this color pattern is widespread in frogs around the world, little is known regarding its evolution or genetic origin.
— And more!

#GN #Genetics https://medium.com/paradigm-research/gn-dna-sequence-enhances-understanding-origins-of-jaws-60074fc80dee
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Biweekly update on Humanode vol.37
6th November — 30th November

Mainnet is here, Batch Transactions now enabled, The Interchain Alliance has been forged, Humanode integrated into Math Wallet, Cointelegraph’s AMA with Humanode and Occam DAO, The Humanode poetry contest winners soon, and more!

TL;DR
Hello to the fantastic Humanode community! A lot has happened since the last report, so please spend a few moments for our quick recap.
After 4 public testnets with over 10,000 unique participants starting in 2021, Humanode has launched the highly-anticipated crypto-biometric blockchain network where one human = one node = one vote that brings Sybil resistance and innovative governance models to the crypto industry using biometric technology. Two weeks after launch, Humanode mainnet has just hit ≈300 validators (278 at the time of writing).
The team noticed that some users are facing issues in claiming airdrop tokens. So far, they found out that some users haven’t mapped their addresses while others were facing issues with the mapper, and they contacted the team to resolve it. Currently, the team is working on solving this issue, and rest assured that anyone who participated in the testnet before August 16th and mapped addresses can claim the tokens. So if you are unable to claim the token, please find the form in this report and fill it in with all the details.
The good news is, MathWallet has integrated the Humanode chain and tokens, meaning the MathWallet mobile app will now support the HMND token for ease of use on your mobile phone! Math Wallet is a multi-platform universal crypto wallet that enables the storage of 50+ blockchains and 3000+ tokens and has 60,000+ users. This partnership gives Humanode users and HMND holders a more comfortable experience of holding, sending, and receiving their tokens via mobile apps.
Also, the Interchain Alliance has been formed by Humanode and a group of pioneering blockchain devshops, research teams, DAOs and individuals as a lens to focus the knowledge and experience towards building infrastructure enabling seamless interchain movement of capital, liquidity and communities to their most efficient applications. Read more about the Alliance below.
On top of that, Humanode co-founder Victor attended an AMA with Cristina Stavila from Occam.fi on why Occam is integrating the Humanode chain. The AMA session was hosted by Cointelegraph. Check out the recording on their Youtube channel. A must-see!
The Humanode Poetry Contest under the theme: “Biometric Evolution” has just ended. Thank you for the submissions. Winners will be announced soon!
Here are all the major updates. More exciting news to come!

#Humanode https://medium.com/paradigm-research/humanode-mainnet-is-here-batch-transaction-now-enabled-the-interchain-alliance-has-been-forged-79d998692a88
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Biweekly update on the Polkadot ecosystem vol. 50 🎉
17th November - 1st December

Sub0 was a blast, Frequency has won the latest parachain lease auction, OpenGov has been enacted on Kusama, On-chain “Polkadot Alliance” formed, Interlay 2.0 roadmap is out, Celer Partners with Sei, The Picasso launch sequence has begun, Dock to launch Web3 ID on ProductHunt on Dec 2, and much more!

TL;DR
—After two jam-packed days, Sub0, the Polkadot Developers Conference, officially comes to an end.
—Polkadot nomination pools have hit another milestone with more than 500,000 DOT bonded by pool members.
—Frequency has won the latest parachain lease auction.
—After successfully securing the 31st parachain slot, Ajuna Network announced it has started to produce blocks as a Polkadot parachain.
—Polkadot Relayers 2022, an initiative bringing together developers and entrepreneurs in the Polkadot ecosystem, has come to an end.
—OpenGov, enabling an even more decentralized governance on the network, has been enacted on Kusama after Referendum 244 was passed, upgrading the runtime to v9320.
—The Web3 Foundation research team has released a formal write-up describing improvements that allow for more efficient verification for BLS signatures for individual and aggregated signatures.
—Seven teams from the Polkadot ecosystem announced the formation of the Polkadot Alliance, an on-chain collective of teams seeking to protect the Polkadot brand, recognize ecosystem contributors, and uphold a community code of ethics.
—Interlay announced the Interlay 2.0 roadmap paving their way to BTC DeFi hub, as well as shared updates on Interlay’s early access & innovator program.
—New HRMP channels between Bifrost Kusama and Kintsugi are here, enabling cross-chain BNC, KINT & kBTC (wrapped BTC) to the Zenlink DEX.
—The vGLMR & GLMR farming pool launches on December 5.
—You can now import your Ledger accounts on the Centrifuge network and view your balances, connect to apps and sign transactions.
—Darwinia 2.0 will upgrade the staking module, which allows users to earn staking rewards via nominating collator.
—Robonomics & Moonriver are now connected cross-chain via XCM.
—Celer has successfully integrated generic message passing (Celer IM) with Arbitrum Nova.
—Phala was introduced by Intel as an SGX blockchain use case.
—The Manta Network Trusted Setup is now open for contributions.
—Dock is going to launch Web3 ID on ProductHunt on December 2nd. I
—OKX has integrated with Crust Network.
— Humanode integrated into Math Wallet.
—Equilibrium’s EQ Offering Phase 2 is live on its brand-new launchpad.
—SORA network’s Substrate 4 upgrade has been successfully deployed.
—Origin trail announced the distribution of the TRAC (Origin’s utility token) teleporte to OT parachain is underway.
—KILT has proposed changing staking rewards from automatic to self-selected distribution.
—Ocean collaborates with peaq to advance the future of machine-generated data sharing.
—Staking on Litentry parachain is officially live.
—Capsule Corp Labs partnering with Kylin Network.
—Unique launched Nested NFTs.
—Beam supports Web Wallet & soon Efinity.
—Acala users can now connect their Ledger hardware wallet with Talisman.
—The second edition of the Polkadot Academy will take place in Buenos Aires from January 10th to February 10th, 2023.
—Join Astar on December 17th–18th for Builders Weekend.
—And more!

#Polkadot https://medium.com/paradigm-research/polkadot-sub0-was-a-blast-frequency-has-won-the-latest-parachain-lease-auction-opengov-has-been-dd3b6d0af783
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𝗚𝗧/ Cooling down solar cells, naturally
Energy & Green technology biweekly vol.38, 18th November — 2nd December

TL;DR
— Too much sun and too much heat can reduce the efficiency of photovoltaics. A solar farm with optimally spaced panels facing the correct direction could cool itself through convection using the surrounding wind. Researchers explored how to exploit the geometry of solar farms to enhance natural cooling mechanisms.
— A light-activated catalyst efficiently converts ammonia into clean-burning hydrogen using only inexpensive raw materials.
— An interdisciplinary team of researchers has developed a potential breakthrough in green aviation: a recipe for a net-zero fuel for planes that will pull carbon dioxide (CO2) out of the air.
— Aquifer thermal energy storage systems can largely contribute to climate-friendly heating and cooling of buildings: Heated water is stored in the underground and pumped up, if needed. Researchers have now found that low-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage is of great potential in Germany. This potential is expected to grow in future due to climate change.
— A new method for describing energy loss in organic solar cells has paved the way for building better and more efficient devices.
— Researchers have discovered a way to chemically recycle PVC into usable material, finding a way to use the phthalates in the plasticizers — one of PVC’s most noxious components — as the mediator for the chemical reaction.
— Researchers have found an innovative way to rapidly remove hazardous microplastics from water using magnets.
— Mangroves are the salt-tolerant shrubs that thrive in the toughest of conditions, but according to new UniSA research, mangroves are also avid coastal protectors, capable of surviving in heavy metal contaminated environments.
— Almost 200 species of bacteria colonize microfibers in the Mediterranean Sea, including one that causes food poisoning in humans, according to a new study.
— A new study says that moving the world energy system away from fossil fuels and into renewable sources will generate carbon emissions by itself, as construction of wind turbines, solar panels and other new infrastructure consumes energy — some of it necessarily coming from the fossil fuels we are trying to get rid of. But if this infrastructure can be put on line quickly, the study asserts, those emissions would dramatically decrease, because far more renewable energy early on will mean far less fossil fuel needed to power the changeover.
— And more!

#GT #Greentech https://medium.com/paradigm-research/gt-cooling-down-solar-cells-naturally-cd1681450e98
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BT/ Apple patent hints at identifying people like puzzle pieces
Biometrics biweekly vol. 53, 21st November — 5th December

TL;DR
—Apple has applied for an international patent describing home surveillance software that would try to recognize a person by portions of their body if it could not see a face
—Samsung Galaxy S23 line may use third-gen Qualcomm fingerprint biometrics
—Times are getting tight for Amazon’s Alexa and Echo voice biometrics lines
—Contactless payments with face biometrics are available at the World Cup 2022 through a partnership between PopID, Visa, and FIFA
—Nok Nok, UberEther partner on biometric authentication for the US gov’t
—World-first post-quantum biometric passport security demonstrated by Infineon, partners
—Idemia has developed a new demo biometric passport to show its secure document technologies
—STMicroelectronics receives EMVCo certification
—Fingerprint Cards partners on FIDO2 access control card
—MegaMatcher updated with NXP JCOP ID 2 support
—Face biometrics from Incode for soccer game access expanding, Neurotechnology launches VMS
—Suprema showcases BioStation 3 contactless terminal as part of ‘aggressive expansion’
—Idex moves closer to biometric payment card issuance on 3 continents in 2023
—Sentry launches dedicated business for biometric crypto cold storage
—Veridos seals the deal for Latvia biometric passport, to unveil new security features for IDs
—Intellicheck ID document authentication gets 6-month trial to curb under-age drinking
—Fingerprint biometrics most common among 1.8 billion monthly Aadhaar transactions
—Oz Forensics expands biometrics market presence in South America with Mototech partnership
—Liberia ID card issuance bedeviled by challenges, still no headway for biometric voter ID contract
—Aratek introduces new biometric kiosk for border control at Bangkok conference
—Thai government partners with 7-Eleven to issue digital IDs
—Facial recognition ruled out for the 2024 Olympics and Paralympics by the French Ministry of Sport
—Scotland will pilot its digital identity platform for public service access next year
—US wants to ID travelers in a moving group in 3 seconds with biometrics
—Osaka to trial face biometric ticketing for travelers in wheelchairs
—Belgium plans rollout of digital ID wallet next year to compete with itsme
—Swiss bank deploys secure ID verification system for customer onboarding from iProov
—The Cayman Islands national digital identity register set to move ahead at a cost of US$9.6M
—A printed version of Philippine digital ID reaches 2M as issuance of physical cards climbs
—Scotland plans digital ID pilot for 2023 as One Login is scrutinized
—Ugandan parliament to probe biometric ID card printing contract awarded to Veridos
—Nigeria ID4D head calls for stronger legal framework to support digital ID consistency
—Research indicates improved skin tone calibration can raise face biometrics accuracy
—Biometric industry events. And more!

#Biometrics #BT https://medium.com/paradigm-research/bt-apple-patent-hints-at-identifying-people-like-puzzle-pieces-76df82c1e4c2
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DeFi in Ether vol.64
Biweekly update on the Ethereum DeFi ecosystem, 22nd November — 6th December

$49B in DeFi, Uniswap Labs NFT marketplace aggregator is live, Synthetix Atomic Swaps V2 are here, Bancor introduced Carbon, mStable released Meta Vaults, The Gnosis merge on Dec 7, Kyber Network partners with Lido, dYdX V4 milestone 2 is complete, yBribe introduced, and much more!

TL;DR
—$42.8B in DeFi this week with MakerDAO dominance 15.72%.
—Uniswap NFT marketplace aggregator live on mainnet. You can trade NFTs across major marketplaces to find more listings and better prices.
—Latest Aave News: Spotlight on Clutch, vote to deploy StakNet aTokens bridge, governance activity following bad debt, and more.
—Compound set borrowing caps on 10 assets in response to CRV-borrowing attack against Aave. Proposals 136 ‘CGP 2.0 by Questbook’ and 135 ‘Borrow Caps for Compound V2 Assets’ have passed successfully. Proposal 137 ‘Increase WETH Supply Cap in cUSDCv3’ has been queued.
—Synthetix Atomic Swaps V2 is live. The first two protocols to integrate with SNX Atomic Swaps are 1inch and Curve Finance.
—Bancor introduced Carbon. Carbon will generate protocol-earned fees that can be used to restore reserves in Bancor v2.1/v3. The Carbon Whitepaper is live.
—Maker Dai Savings Rate (DSR) increasing to 1%.
—Coinbase Wallet was forced to remove NFT transfers on iOS as Apple wanted transaction fees paid via in-app purchase (to collect their 30%).
— On 30 November, Gnosis underwent the Bellatrix hardfork upgrade for its Consensus Layer network. According to bordel.wtf, a website tracking the Gnosis merge, on the 7th of December at 23:44hrs UTC the Gnosis Beacon Chain will merge with Gnosis Chain. Gnosis.io is live.
—Highlights from 0xpo and ETHSanFrancisco. 0xpo — Crossroads 2022 recap.
—1inch Monthly Digest. 1inch Limit Order Protocol V3 was launched. The 1inch RabbitHole feature will protect MetaMask users from sandwich attacks, one of the most common ways of extracting MEV in DeFi.
—mStable officially released their Meta Vaults, a composable vault architecture built on ERC-4626.
—The latest Balancer Report is here.
—KyberSwap launches Aggregator on Solana. Kyber Network partners with Lido to bring the best wstETH liquidity to Ethereum Mainnet. THORSwap has integrated Kyber Network.
—dYdX V4 Milestone 2 is complete. The team has increased IMF to 20% for the following markets: 1INCH, CELO, COMP, ENJ, MKR, RUNE, SNX, and UMA.
—The following assets have now been added to the Enzyme universe: SHIB, cbETH, APE. Nexus Mutual is now offering insurance coverage on Enzyme’s v4 Sulu.
—Nexus Mutual has worked with Everstake to offer their users ETH Staking Cover to protect against major validator risks such as penalties, slashing events, and missed rewards. Recently, Aura and Enzyme v4 were both listed in the Nexus Mutual.
—Yearn’s new bribe platform for Curve gauge voting has been introduced. yBribe is a platform where vote-escrowed Curve (veCRV) holders can receive compensation from buyers interested in increasing CRV emissions to their Curve pool’s gauge.
—The Ren team has recently posted an update regarding how Ren will move forward from Alameda. Reminder that holders of Ren assets such as renBTC, renDOGE, renZEC. should bridge back their assets to the respective native chains ASAP, before the Ren 1.0 network is sunset next month.
—And more!

#DeFi #Defi_in_Ether #Ethereum https://medium.com/paradigm-research/defi-in-ether-49-in-defi-uniswap-nft-marketplace-aggregator-is-live-synthetix-atomic-swaps-v2-40538882f410
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NS/ Silent synapses are abundant in the adult brain
Neuroscience biweekly vol. 72, 23rd November — 7th December

TL;DR
—MIT neuroscientists discovered that the adult brain contains millions of ‘silent synapses’ — immature connections between neurons that remain inactive until they’re recruited to help form new memories.
—Researchers developed a new type of holographic microscope. It is said that the new microscope can achieve “see-through” the intact skull, and is capable of high-resolution 3D imaging of the neural network within a living mouse brain without removing the skull.
—A team of engineers at UC Santa Cruz has developed a new method for remote automation of the growth of cerebral organoids — miniature, three-dimensional models of brain tissue grown from stem cells. Cerebral organoids allow researchers to study and engineer key functions of the human brain with a level of accuracy not possible with other models. This has implications for understanding brain development and the effects of pharmaceutical drugs for treating cancer or other diseases.
—Neuroscientists have discovered that a specific type of brain cell could be a key player in making you feel the negative impacts of stress. More than 70% of adults will experience at least one traumatic experience, such as a life-threatening illness or accident, violent assault, or natural disaster, in their lifetimes and nearly a third will experience four or more, according to global data.
—A research team has discovered the underlying neural mechanism that allows us to feel empathy. The group’s study on mice hinted that empathy is induced by the synchronized neural oscillations in the right hemisphere of the brain, which allows the animals to perceive and share each other’s fear.
—LMU researchers demonstrate in a zebrafish model that two proteins prevent scar formation in the brain, thereby improving the ability of the tissue to regenerate.
—Researchers have discovered that removal of cilia from the brain’s striatum region impaired time perception and judgment, revealing possible new therapeutic targets for mental and neurological conditions including schizophrenia, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, autism spectrum disorder, and Tourette syndrome.
—A new study published by researchers at the University of Bath demonstrates the positive impact learning to play a musical instrument has on the brain’s ability to process sights and sounds, and shows how it can also help to lift a blue mood.
—Ketamine, an established anesthetic, and increasingly popular antidepressant, dramatically reorganizes activity in the brain, as if a switch had been flipped on its active circuits, according to a new study by Penn Medicine researchers. In a Nature Neuroscience paper released this month, the team described starkly changed neuronal activity patterns in the cerebral cortex of animal models after ketamine administration — observing normally active neurons that were silenced and another set that was normally quiet suddenly springing to action. This ketamine-induced activity switch in key brain regions tied to depression may impact our understanding of ketamine’s treatment effects and future research in the field of neuropsychiatry.
—Could the underproduction of poorly understood immune cells contribute to Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of cognitive decline? A Rutgers study in Nature Immunology suggests it may — and that increasing these cells could reverse the damage.
—‘Nature Neuroscience’ December issue is out.
—And more!

#NS #Neuroscience https://medium.com/paradigm-research/ns-silent-synapses-are-abundant-in-the-adult-brain-a6b5d0c9d56d
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What is the potential of biometrics for blockchain-based metaverse?

In the last decade, biometrics has made incredible breakthroughs in accuracy and privacy. Alongside decentralized blockchain technology, it has the potential to make metaverse identity management secure, private, simplified and seamless, transforming the industry landscape and accelerating the metaverse spread and crypto adoption.

Read this @Cointelegraph thorough guide by our own @sshshln for more details.

https://cointelegraph.com/metaverse-for-beginners/the-role-of-biometrics-in-the-metaverse
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gm & happy ThursYAY!

Today we are pleased to announce the public launch of a long-awaited Paradigm Platform.

With the help of beta testers from our beloved community, we have prepared a solution that is to be interesting and useful for all beautiful minds. Paradigm Platform is not just a website or a blog but a full-fledged social network, where you can create an account and follow the topics and projects you are interested in.

On the Paradigm Platform, everyone can build a custom news feed for themselves! So if you are a polymath and homo universalis passionate about all practices rooted in modern tech and science, on the Paradigm Platform you will find a lot of exciting things for yourself. Just try!

To become a Paradigm Platform user and try the above-mentioned features, follow this link: http://paradigmresear.ch
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Paradigm pinned a photo
𝐒𝐓/ Rare sighting of luminous jet spewed by supermassive black hole
Space biweekly vol.66, 23d November - 9th December

TL;DR
— Astronomers discover a bright optical flare caused by a dying star's encounter with a supermassive black hole.
— Scientists have observed the narrowing of a quasar jet for the first time by using a network of radio telescopes across the world. The results suggest that the narrowing of the jet is independent of the activity level of the galaxy which launched it.
— Astronomers have determined the source of an incredibly bright X-ray, optical and radio signal appearing from halfway across the Universe.
— Pioneering a new technique, researchers have peered into the extremely faint light that exists between galaxies to describe the history and state of orphan stars.
— Researchers have been able to make some key determinations about the first galaxies to exist, in one of the first astrophysical studies of the period in the early Universe when the first stars and galaxies formed, known as the cosmic dawn.
— As massive as the black hole at the center of the Milky Way, the behemoth is hosted by a dwarf galaxy less than 1 million light-years away. Invisible so far - maybe not for long.
— The impact experiment conducted on the asteroid Ryugu by the Japanese Hayabusa2 mission which took place two years ago resulted in an unexpectedly large crater. With the use of simulations, a team has recently succeeded in gaining new insights from the experiment regarding the formation and development of asteroids.
— Researchers detail an analysis method that could improve telescopes at the Simons Observatory by evaluating their performance before installation. This is the first time the optical performance of a telescope has been confirmed prior to its deployment.
Studying an atomic clock on-board a spacecraft inside the orbit of Mercury and very near to the Sun could be the trick to uncovering the nature of dark matter.
— Scientists have developed a quantum experiment that allows them to study the dynamics, or behavior, of a special kind of theoretical wormhole.
— Upcoming industry events. And more!

#ST #Space https://medium.com/paradigm-research/st-rare-sighting-of-luminous-jet-spewed-by-supermassive-black-hole-8d81d5cc3f75
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