The annual Global Carbon Budget projects fossil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of 36.8 billion tonnes in 2023, up 1.1% from 2022.
Regional trends vary dramatically. Emissions in 2023 are projected to increase in India (8.2%) and China (4.0%), and decline in the EU (-7.4%), the USA (-3.0%) and the rest of the world (-0.4%).
Global emissions from coal (1.1%), oil (1.5%) and gas (0.5%) are all projected to increase.
About half of all CO2 emitted continues to be absorbed by land and ocean “sinks”, with the rest remaining in the atmosphere where it causes climate change.
In the decade 2013–2022, territorial fossil CO2 emissions decreased significantly (at the 95 % confidence level) in 26 countries/economic entities whose economies grew significantly: Belgium, Brazil, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong SAR, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the USA, and Zimbabwe (updated from Le Quéré et al., 2019). Altogether, these 26 countries emitted 2.7 Gt C yr−1 (10.0 Gt CO2 yr−1) on average over the last decade, about 28% of world CO2 fossil emissions.
EU cement emissions are based on available year-to-date data from three of the largest producers, Germany, Poland, and Spain.
Extreme fires in Canada were the largest contributor to the anomaly in 2023, with emissions reaching 0.5– 0.8 Gt C yr−1 or 527 %–874 % above the 2013–2022 average (0.1 Gt C yr−1 in both products) and 450 %–709 % above the 2003–2022 average (0.1 Gt C yr−1 in both products).
The negative effect of climate is the strongest in most of South America, Central America, the southwest USA, central Europe, the western Sahel, southern Africa, Southeast Asia and southern China, and eastern Australia (Fig. 11b). Globally, over the 2013–2022 period, climate change reduces the land sink by 0.68 ± 0.62 Gt C yr−1 (20 % of SLAND).
Regional trends vary dramatically. Emissions in 2023 are projected to increase in India (8.2%) and China (4.0%), and decline in the EU (-7.4%), the USA (-3.0%) and the rest of the world (-0.4%).
Global emissions from coal (1.1%), oil (1.5%) and gas (0.5%) are all projected to increase.
About half of all CO2 emitted continues to be absorbed by land and ocean “sinks”, with the rest remaining in the atmosphere where it causes climate change.
In the decade 2013–2022, territorial fossil CO2 emissions decreased significantly (at the 95 % confidence level) in 26 countries/economic entities whose economies grew significantly: Belgium, Brazil, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong SAR, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the USA, and Zimbabwe (updated from Le Quéré et al., 2019). Altogether, these 26 countries emitted 2.7 Gt C yr−1 (10.0 Gt CO2 yr−1) on average over the last decade, about 28% of world CO2 fossil emissions.
EU cement emissions are based on available year-to-date data from three of the largest producers, Germany, Poland, and Spain.
Extreme fires in Canada were the largest contributor to the anomaly in 2023, with emissions reaching 0.5– 0.8 Gt C yr−1 or 527 %–874 % above the 2013–2022 average (0.1 Gt C yr−1 in both products) and 450 %–709 % above the 2003–2022 average (0.1 Gt C yr−1 in both products).
The negative effect of climate is the strongest in most of South America, Central America, the southwest USA, central Europe, the western Sahel, southern Africa, Southeast Asia and southern China, and eastern Australia (Fig. 11b). Globally, over the 2013–2022 period, climate change reduces the land sink by 0.68 ± 0.62 Gt C yr−1 (20 % of SLAND).