The highest CO2 emissions from tourism was calculated to be from aviation, with 71% of total CO2 travel emissions. This is followed by waterborne navigation (ferries and cruises; 21%) and road transport (private cars; 8%).

Aviation is the largest contributing sub-sector, mainly owing to the large number of travellers and the long distances travelled. The highest emissions factors per passenger kilometre were found for cruise ships and ferries transporting cars in addition to passengers.

Total CO2 emissions are dominated by Norwegians travelling for HOLIDAYS!!!!! (= NOT BUSINESS!), which contributes 47% of total emissions. The largest share of Norwegian travel emissions is from international aviation (2 286 kt CO2 ) to warm destinations such as Spain, Greece, Thailand and Turkey.

International tourists who visit Norway make for 3 273 kt CO2, of which 2 220 kt is from aviation and 949 kt from waterborne navigation.

The tourist market with highest emissions is Germany with 441 kt CO2 of which 15%, 48% and 37% come from aviation, cruises and ferries, respectively. Passengers from USA cause the second highest emissions, mainly from aviation (349 kt CO2) and cruise ships (56 kt CO2).

Of the total tourist emissions, holiday travel contributes 78%.

In 2020, restrictions were put on travel due to the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a reduction in mobility. As a consequence, CO2 emissions experienced a massive reduction of 60%, which was sustained from late March to at least the end the year.

Aviation and cruise ship emissions had the largest emission decreases, whereas road transport emissions in July 2020 were at the same level or even higher than in pre- COVID years.

Cruise ships have the highest emission factor, but the emission factor from ferries is of similar magnitude when one also takes into account the transport of cars.

Emissions range from 93 to 615 kg of CO2 per passenger-day, or from 199 to 1314 g CO2 per passenger-km, depending on the size, the age and the ship’s capacity configuration

Climate change in Norway

Not only do SUVs on average consume about a quarter more energy than medium-size cars, they drive the increase in the automotive industry’s demand for steel. Because of their larger size and poor aerodynamics, SUVs release more tailpipe emissions.
https://news.1rj.ru/str/PolestarTelegram/232

They are also the source
of more carbon emissions during the production phase, making SUVs the second largest cause of rising CO2 emissions between 2010 and 2018, ahead of heavy industry, trucks, aviation and shipping.

For example, Volkswagen’s SUV model, Tiguan, contains an estimated 900 kilograms of steel and approximately
150 kilograms of aluminium. Instead, Volkswagen’s Golf requires only 700 to 750 kilograms of steel and 100 to 120 kilograms of aluminium.

Since 2018, Volkswagen has been producing more Tiguans than Golfs; the increased SUV production means a considerable increase in demand for these metals. In the past ve years alone, the production of Volkswagen Tiguan SUVs required at least 115,350 metric tons more aluminium and 576,000 metric tons more steel than the production of Volkswagen Golf cars. The production of one metric ton of steel releases approximately 1.8 tCO2. The additional consumption of steel by the Volkswagen Tiguan compared to the Volkswagen Golf has therefore led to an additional one million tCO2 released into the atmosphere in the past five years alone

The carbon emission intensity of the power generation technology determines the cleanliness of electricity used by the vehicles. Compared to electricity produced by fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), the CO2 intensity of power generation through renewable energies like photovoltaic (PV) and wind power is dozens of times lower
https://news.1rj.ru/str/MissionPlaneta/54

The CO2 emissions from the production of hydrogen lie somewhere between natural gas and coal fired power.

If fugitive methane emissions are also considered, the total emissions for the whole hydrogen production process could be as high as 550.8g CO2-eq/ kWh.