✅ Top DSA Interview Questions with Answers: Part-3 🧠
21. What is the Sliding Window technique?
It’s an optimization method used to reduce time complexity in problems involving arrays or strings. You create a "window" over a subset of data and slide it as needed, updating results on the go.
Example use case: Find the maximum sum of any k consecutive elements in an array.
22. Explain the Two-Pointer technique.
This involves using two indices (pointers) to traverse a data structure, usually from opposite ends or the same direction. It's helpful for searching pairs or reversing sequences efficiently.
Common problems: Two-sum, palindrome check, sorted array partitioning.
23. What is the Binary Search algorithm?
It’s an efficient algorithm to find an element in a sorted array by repeatedly dividing the search range in half.
Time Complexity: O(log n)
Key idea: Compare the target with the middle element and eliminate half the array each step.
24. What is the Merge Sort algorithm?
A divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm that splits the array into halves, sorts them recursively, and then merges them.
Time Complexity: O(n log n)
Stable? Yes
Extra space? Yes, due to merging.
25. What is the Quick Sort algorithm?
It chooses a pivot, partitions the array so elements < pivot are left, and > pivot are right, then recursively sorts both sides.
Time Complexity: Avg – O(n log n), Worst – O(n²)
Fast in practice, but not stable.
26. Difference between Merge Sort and Quick Sort
• Merge Sort is stable, consistent in performance (O(n log n)), but uses extra space.
• Quick Sort is faster in practice and works in-place, but may degrade to O(n²) if pivot is poorly chosen.
27. What is Insertion Sort and how does it work?
It builds the sorted list one item at a time by comparing and inserting items into their correct position.
Time Complexity: O(n²)
Best Case (nearly sorted): O(n)
Stable? Yes
Space: O(1)
28. What is Selection Sort?
It finds the smallest element from the unsorted part and swaps it with the beginning.
Time Complexity: O(n²)
Space: O(1)
Stable? No
Rarely used due to inefficiency.
29. What is Bubble Sort and its drawbacks?
It repeatedly compares and swaps adjacent elements if out of order.
Time Complexity: O(n²)
Space: O(1)
Drawback: Extremely slow for large data. Educational, not practical.
30. What is the time and space complexity of common sorting algorithms?
• Bubble Sort → Time: O(n²), Space: O(1), Stable: Yes
• Selection Sort → Time: O(n²), Space: O(1), Stable: No
• Insertion Sort → Time: O(n²), Space: O(1), Stable: Yes
• Merge Sort → Time: O(n log n), Space: O(n), Stable: Yes
• Quick Sort → Avg Time: O(n log n), Worst: O(n²), Space: O(log n), Stable: No
Double Tap ♥️ For Part-4
21. What is the Sliding Window technique?
It’s an optimization method used to reduce time complexity in problems involving arrays or strings. You create a "window" over a subset of data and slide it as needed, updating results on the go.
Example use case: Find the maximum sum of any k consecutive elements in an array.
22. Explain the Two-Pointer technique.
This involves using two indices (pointers) to traverse a data structure, usually from opposite ends or the same direction. It's helpful for searching pairs or reversing sequences efficiently.
Common problems: Two-sum, palindrome check, sorted array partitioning.
23. What is the Binary Search algorithm?
It’s an efficient algorithm to find an element in a sorted array by repeatedly dividing the search range in half.
Time Complexity: O(log n)
Key idea: Compare the target with the middle element and eliminate half the array each step.
24. What is the Merge Sort algorithm?
A divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm that splits the array into halves, sorts them recursively, and then merges them.
Time Complexity: O(n log n)
Stable? Yes
Extra space? Yes, due to merging.
25. What is the Quick Sort algorithm?
It chooses a pivot, partitions the array so elements < pivot are left, and > pivot are right, then recursively sorts both sides.
Time Complexity: Avg – O(n log n), Worst – O(n²)
Fast in practice, but not stable.
26. Difference between Merge Sort and Quick Sort
• Merge Sort is stable, consistent in performance (O(n log n)), but uses extra space.
• Quick Sort is faster in practice and works in-place, but may degrade to O(n²) if pivot is poorly chosen.
27. What is Insertion Sort and how does it work?
It builds the sorted list one item at a time by comparing and inserting items into their correct position.
Time Complexity: O(n²)
Best Case (nearly sorted): O(n)
Stable? Yes
Space: O(1)
28. What is Selection Sort?
It finds the smallest element from the unsorted part and swaps it with the beginning.
Time Complexity: O(n²)
Space: O(1)
Stable? No
Rarely used due to inefficiency.
29. What is Bubble Sort and its drawbacks?
It repeatedly compares and swaps adjacent elements if out of order.
Time Complexity: O(n²)
Space: O(1)
Drawback: Extremely slow for large data. Educational, not practical.
30. What is the time and space complexity of common sorting algorithms?
• Bubble Sort → Time: O(n²), Space: O(1), Stable: Yes
• Selection Sort → Time: O(n²), Space: O(1), Stable: No
• Insertion Sort → Time: O(n²), Space: O(1), Stable: Yes
• Merge Sort → Time: O(n log n), Space: O(n), Stable: Yes
• Quick Sort → Avg Time: O(n log n), Worst: O(n²), Space: O(log n), Stable: No
Double Tap ♥️ For Part-4
❤23
✅ Top DSA Interview Questions with Answers: Part-4 📘⚙️
3️⃣1️⃣ What is Backtracking?
Backtracking is a recursive technique used to solve problems by trying all possible paths and undoing (backtracking) if a solution fails.
Examples: N-Queens, Sudoku Solver, Subsets, Permutations.
3️⃣2️⃣ Explain the N-Queens Problem.
Place N queens on an N×N chessboard so no two queens attack each other.
Use backtracking to try placing queens row by row, checking column diagonal safety.
3️⃣3️⃣ What is Kadane's Algorithm?
Used to find the maximum subarray sum in an array.
It maintains a running sum and resets it if it becomes negative.
Time Complexity: O(n)
3️⃣4️⃣ What is Floyd’s Cycle Detection Algorithm?
Also called Tortoise and Hare Algorithm.
Used to detect loops in linked lists.
Two pointers move at different speeds; if they meet, there’s a cycle.
3️⃣5️⃣ What is the Union-Find (Disjoint Set) Algorithm?
A data structure that keeps track of disjoint sets.
Used in Kruskal's Algorithm and cycle detection in graphs.
Supports find() and union() operations efficiently with path compression.
3️⃣6️⃣ What is Topological Sorting?
Linear ordering of vertices in a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) such that for every directed edge u → v, u comes before v.
Used in: Task scheduling, build systems.
Algorithms: DFS-based or Kahn’s algorithm (BFS).
3️⃣7️⃣ What is Dijkstra’s Algorithm?
Used to find shortest path from a source node to all other nodes in a graph (non-negative weights).
Uses a priority queue (min-heap) to pick the closest node.
Time Complexity: O(V + E log V)
3️⃣8️⃣ What is Bellman-Ford Algorithm?
Also finds shortest paths, but handles negative weights.
Can detect negative cycles.
Time Complexity: O(V × E)
3️⃣9️⃣ What is Kruskal’s Algorithm?
Used to find a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST).
• Sort all edges by weight
• Add edge if it doesn't create a cycle (using Union-Find)
Time Complexity: O(E log E)
4️⃣0️⃣ What is Prim’s Algorithm?
Also finds MST.
• Start from any node
• Add smallest edge connecting tree to an unvisited node
Uses min-heap for efficiency.
Time Complexity: O(E log V)
💬 Double Tap ♥️ For Part-5!
3️⃣1️⃣ What is Backtracking?
Backtracking is a recursive technique used to solve problems by trying all possible paths and undoing (backtracking) if a solution fails.
Examples: N-Queens, Sudoku Solver, Subsets, Permutations.
3️⃣2️⃣ Explain the N-Queens Problem.
Place N queens on an N×N chessboard so no two queens attack each other.
Use backtracking to try placing queens row by row, checking column diagonal safety.
3️⃣3️⃣ What is Kadane's Algorithm?
Used to find the maximum subarray sum in an array.
It maintains a running sum and resets it if it becomes negative.
Time Complexity: O(n)
def maxSubArray(arr):
max_sum = curr_sum = arr[0]
for num in arr[1:]:
curr_sum = max(num, curr_sum + num)
max_sum = max(max_sum, curr_sum)
return max_sum
3️⃣4️⃣ What is Floyd’s Cycle Detection Algorithm?
Also called Tortoise and Hare Algorithm.
Used to detect loops in linked lists.
Two pointers move at different speeds; if they meet, there’s a cycle.
3️⃣5️⃣ What is the Union-Find (Disjoint Set) Algorithm?
A data structure that keeps track of disjoint sets.
Used in Kruskal's Algorithm and cycle detection in graphs.
Supports find() and union() operations efficiently with path compression.
3️⃣6️⃣ What is Topological Sorting?
Linear ordering of vertices in a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) such that for every directed edge u → v, u comes before v.
Used in: Task scheduling, build systems.
Algorithms: DFS-based or Kahn’s algorithm (BFS).
3️⃣7️⃣ What is Dijkstra’s Algorithm?
Used to find shortest path from a source node to all other nodes in a graph (non-negative weights).
Uses a priority queue (min-heap) to pick the closest node.
Time Complexity: O(V + E log V)
3️⃣8️⃣ What is Bellman-Ford Algorithm?
Also finds shortest paths, but handles negative weights.
Can detect negative cycles.
Time Complexity: O(V × E)
3️⃣9️⃣ What is Kruskal’s Algorithm?
Used to find a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST).
• Sort all edges by weight
• Add edge if it doesn't create a cycle (using Union-Find)
Time Complexity: O(E log E)
4️⃣0️⃣ What is Prim’s Algorithm?
Also finds MST.
• Start from any node
• Add smallest edge connecting tree to an unvisited node
Uses min-heap for efficiency.
Time Complexity: O(E log V)
💬 Double Tap ♥️ For Part-5!
❤11🤔1
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
OnSpace Mobile App builder: Build AI Apps in minutes
👉https://www.onspace.ai/agentic-app-builder?via=tg_proexp
With OnSpace, you can build AI Mobile Apps by chatting with AI, and publish to PlayStore or AppStore.
What will you get:
- Create app by chatting with AI;
- Integrate with Any top AI power just by giving order (like Sora2, Nanobanan Pro & Gemini 3 Pro);
- Download APK,AAB file, publish to AppStore.
- Add payments and monetize like in-app-purchase and Stripe.
- Functional login & signup.
- Database + dashboard in minutes.
- Full tutorial on YouTube and within 1 day customer service
👉https://www.onspace.ai/agentic-app-builder?via=tg_proexp
With OnSpace, you can build AI Mobile Apps by chatting with AI, and publish to PlayStore or AppStore.
What will you get:
- Create app by chatting with AI;
- Integrate with Any top AI power just by giving order (like Sora2, Nanobanan Pro & Gemini 3 Pro);
- Download APK,AAB file, publish to AppStore.
- Add payments and monetize like in-app-purchase and Stripe.
- Functional login & signup.
- Database + dashboard in minutes.
- Full tutorial on YouTube and within 1 day customer service
❤8
Roadmap to become a Programmer:
📂 Learn Programming Fundamentals (Logic, Syntax, Flow)
∟📂 Choose a Language (Python / Java / C++)
∟📂 Learn Data Structures & Algorithms
∟📂 Learn Problem Solving (LeetCode / HackerRank)
∟📂 Learn OOPs & Design Patterns
∟📂 Learn Version Control (Git & GitHub)
∟📂 Learn Debugging & Testing
∟📂 Work on Real-World Projects
∟📂 Contribute to Open Source
∟✅ Apply for Job / Internship
React ❤️ for More 💡
📂 Learn Programming Fundamentals (Logic, Syntax, Flow)
∟📂 Choose a Language (Python / Java / C++)
∟📂 Learn Data Structures & Algorithms
∟📂 Learn Problem Solving (LeetCode / HackerRank)
∟📂 Learn OOPs & Design Patterns
∟📂 Learn Version Control (Git & GitHub)
∟📂 Learn Debugging & Testing
∟📂 Work on Real-World Projects
∟📂 Contribute to Open Source
∟✅ Apply for Job / Internship
React ❤️ for More 💡
❤34❤🔥1🔥1🥰1
🚀 Roadmap to Master Backend Development in 50 Days! 🖥️🛠️
📅 Week 1–2: Fundamentals Language Basics
🔹 Day 1–5: Learn a backend language (Node.js, Python, Java, etc.)
🔹 Day 6–10: Variables, Data types, Functions, Control structures
📅 Week 3–4: Server Database Basics
🔹 Day 11–15: HTTP, REST APIs, CRUD operations
🔹 Day 16–20: Databases (SQL NoSQL), DB design, queries (PostgreSQL/MongoDB)
📅 Week 5–6: Application Development
🔹 Day 21–25: Authentication (JWT, OAuth), Middleware
🔹 Day 26–30: Build APIs using frameworks (Express, Django, etc.)
📅 Week 7–8: Advanced Concepts
🔹 Day 31–35: File uploads, Email services, Logging, Caching
🔹 Day 36–40: Environment variables, Config management, Error handling
🎯 Final Stretch: Deployment Real-World Skills
🔹 Day 41–45: Docker, CI/CD basics, Cloud deployment (Render, Railway, AWS)
🔹 Day 46–50: Build and deploy a full-stack project (with frontend)
💡 Tips:
• Use tools like Postman to test APIs
• Version control with Git GitHub
• Practice building RESTful services
💬 Tap ❤️ for more!
📅 Week 1–2: Fundamentals Language Basics
🔹 Day 1–5: Learn a backend language (Node.js, Python, Java, etc.)
🔹 Day 6–10: Variables, Data types, Functions, Control structures
📅 Week 3–4: Server Database Basics
🔹 Day 11–15: HTTP, REST APIs, CRUD operations
🔹 Day 16–20: Databases (SQL NoSQL), DB design, queries (PostgreSQL/MongoDB)
📅 Week 5–6: Application Development
🔹 Day 21–25: Authentication (JWT, OAuth), Middleware
🔹 Day 26–30: Build APIs using frameworks (Express, Django, etc.)
📅 Week 7–8: Advanced Concepts
🔹 Day 31–35: File uploads, Email services, Logging, Caching
🔹 Day 36–40: Environment variables, Config management, Error handling
🎯 Final Stretch: Deployment Real-World Skills
🔹 Day 41–45: Docker, CI/CD basics, Cloud deployment (Render, Railway, AWS)
🔹 Day 46–50: Build and deploy a full-stack project (with frontend)
💡 Tips:
• Use tools like Postman to test APIs
• Version control with Git GitHub
• Practice building RESTful services
💬 Tap ❤️ for more!
❤26
𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗢𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀 𝗕𝘆 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘁𝘀 😍
Roadmap to land your dream job in top product-based companies
𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝘀:-
- 90-Day Placement Plan
- Tech & Non-Tech Career Path
- Interview Preparation Tips
- Live Q&A
𝗥𝗲𝗴𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗙𝗼𝗿 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘👇:-
https://pdlink.in/3Ltb3CE
Date & Time:- 06th January 2026 , 7PM
Roadmap to land your dream job in top product-based companies
𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝘀:-
- 90-Day Placement Plan
- Tech & Non-Tech Career Path
- Interview Preparation Tips
- Live Q&A
𝗥𝗲𝗴𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗙𝗼𝗿 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘👇:-
https://pdlink.in/3Ltb3CE
Date & Time:- 06th January 2026 , 7PM
List of Top 12 Coding Channels on WhatsApp:
1. Python Programming:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiM08SDuMRaGKd9Wv0L
2. Coding Resources:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VahiFZQ4o7qN54LTzB17
3. Coding Projects:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VazkxJ62UPB7OQhBE502
4. Coding Interviews:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VammZijATRSlLxywEC3X
5. Java Programming:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VamdH5mHAdNMHMSBwg1s
6. Javanoscript:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VavR9OxLtOjJTXrZNi32
7. Web Development:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiSdWu4NVis9yNEE72z
8. Artificial Intelligence:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaoePz73bbV94yTh6V2E
9. Data Science:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va4QUHa6rsQjhITHK82y
10. Machine Learning:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va8v3eo1NCrQfGMseL2D
11. SQL:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VanC5rODzgT6TiTGoa1v
12. GitHub:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vawixh9IXnlk7VfY6w43
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
1. Python Programming:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiM08SDuMRaGKd9Wv0L
2. Coding Resources:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VahiFZQ4o7qN54LTzB17
3. Coding Projects:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VazkxJ62UPB7OQhBE502
4. Coding Interviews:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VammZijATRSlLxywEC3X
5. Java Programming:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VamdH5mHAdNMHMSBwg1s
6. Javanoscript:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VavR9OxLtOjJTXrZNi32
7. Web Development:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiSdWu4NVis9yNEE72z
8. Artificial Intelligence:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaoePz73bbV94yTh6V2E
9. Data Science:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va4QUHa6rsQjhITHK82y
10. Machine Learning:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va8v3eo1NCrQfGMseL2D
11. SQL:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VanC5rODzgT6TiTGoa1v
12. GitHub:
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vawixh9IXnlk7VfY6w43
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
❤12😁1
The key to starting your AI career:
❌It's not your academic background
❌It's not previous experience
It's how you apply these principles:
1. Learn by building real AI models
2. Create a project portfolio
3. Make yourself visible in the AI community
No one starts off as an AI expert — but everyone can become one.
If you're aiming for a career in AI, start by:
⟶ Watching AI and ML tutorials
⟶ Reading research papers and expert insights
⟶ Doing internships or Kaggle competitions
⟶ Building and sharing AI projects
⟶ Learning from experienced ML/AI engineers
You'll be amazed how quickly you pick things up once you start doing.
So, start today and let your AI journey begin!
React ❤️ for more helpful tips
❌It's not your academic background
❌It's not previous experience
It's how you apply these principles:
1. Learn by building real AI models
2. Create a project portfolio
3. Make yourself visible in the AI community
No one starts off as an AI expert — but everyone can become one.
If you're aiming for a career in AI, start by:
⟶ Watching AI and ML tutorials
⟶ Reading research papers and expert insights
⟶ Doing internships or Kaggle competitions
⟶ Building and sharing AI projects
⟶ Learning from experienced ML/AI engineers
You'll be amazed how quickly you pick things up once you start doing.
So, start today and let your AI journey begin!
React ❤️ for more helpful tips
❤10🔥1
✅ Coding Project Ideas for All Levels 💻🔥
1️⃣ Beginner Level
- To-Do List App → Add/edit/delete tasks with local storage
- Calculator → Basic arithmetic with JavaScript or Python
- Quiz App → Multiple choice quiz with scoring system
- Portfolio Website → HTML/CSS to showcase your profile
- Number Guessing Game → Fun console game using loops & conditions
2️⃣ Intermediate Level
- Weather App → Uses open weather API & displays data
- Blog Platform → Add, edit, delete posts (CRUD) with backend
- E-commerce Cart → Product listing, cart logic, checkout flow
- Expense Tracker → Track and visualize expenses using charts
- Chat App → Real-time chat using WebSockets (Node.js + Socket.io)
3️⃣ Advanced Level
- Code Editor Clone → Like CodePen or JSFiddle with live preview
- Project Management Tool → Boards, tasks, deadlines, team features
- Authentication System → JWT-based login, forgot password, sessions
- AI-based Code Generator → Use OpenAI API to generate code
- Online Compiler → Write & execute code in browser with API
4️⃣ Creative & Unique Projects
- Typing Speed Test App
- Recipe Finder using API
- Markdown Blog Generator
- Custom URL Shortener
- Budgeting App with Charts
1️⃣ Beginner Level
- To-Do List App → Add/edit/delete tasks with local storage
- Calculator → Basic arithmetic with JavaScript or Python
- Quiz App → Multiple choice quiz with scoring system
- Portfolio Website → HTML/CSS to showcase your profile
- Number Guessing Game → Fun console game using loops & conditions
2️⃣ Intermediate Level
- Weather App → Uses open weather API & displays data
- Blog Platform → Add, edit, delete posts (CRUD) with backend
- E-commerce Cart → Product listing, cart logic, checkout flow
- Expense Tracker → Track and visualize expenses using charts
- Chat App → Real-time chat using WebSockets (Node.js + Socket.io)
3️⃣ Advanced Level
- Code Editor Clone → Like CodePen or JSFiddle with live preview
- Project Management Tool → Boards, tasks, deadlines, team features
- Authentication System → JWT-based login, forgot password, sessions
- AI-based Code Generator → Use OpenAI API to generate code
- Online Compiler → Write & execute code in browser with API
4️⃣ Creative & Unique Projects
- Typing Speed Test App
- Recipe Finder using API
- Markdown Blog Generator
- Custom URL Shortener
- Budgeting App with Charts
❤7🔥2
𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵 𝗗𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝘀𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲😍
Learn from IIT faculty and industry experts.
IIT Roorkee DS & AI Program :- https://pdlink.in/4qHVFkI
IIT Patna AI & ML :- https://pdlink.in/4pBNxkV
IIM Mumbai DM & Analytics :- https://pdlink.in/4jvuHdE
IIM Rohtak Product Management:- https://pdlink.in/4aMtk8i
IIT Roorkee Agentic Systems:- https://pdlink.in/4aTKgdc
Upskill in today’s most in-demand tech domains and boost your career 🚀
Learn from IIT faculty and industry experts.
IIT Roorkee DS & AI Program :- https://pdlink.in/4qHVFkI
IIT Patna AI & ML :- https://pdlink.in/4pBNxkV
IIM Mumbai DM & Analytics :- https://pdlink.in/4jvuHdE
IIM Rohtak Product Management:- https://pdlink.in/4aMtk8i
IIT Roorkee Agentic Systems:- https://pdlink.in/4aTKgdc
Upskill in today’s most in-demand tech domains and boost your career 🚀
❤2
✅ Coding Fundamentals: 5 Core Concepts Every Beginner Needs 💻🚀
Mastering these five building blocks will allow you to learn any programming language (Python, Java, JavaScript, C++) much faster.
1️⃣ Variables & Data Types
Variables are containers for storing data values.
• Integers: Whole numbers (10, -5)
• Strings: Text ("Hello World")
• Booleans: True/False values
• Floats: Decimal numbers (10.5)
2️⃣ Control Flow (If/Else & Switch)
This allows your code to make decisions based on conditions.
3️⃣ Loops (For & While)
Loops are used to repeat a block of code multiple times without rewriting it.
• For Loop: Used when you know how many times to repeat.
• While Loop: Used as long as a condition is true.
4️⃣ Functions
Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform a specific task. They help keep your code clean and organized.
5️⃣ Data Structures (Arrays/Lists & Objects/Dicts)
These are used to store collections of data.
• Arrays/Lists: Ordered collections (e.g.,
• Objects/Dictionaries: Key-value pairs (e.g.,
💡 Pro Tips for Beginners:
• Don’t just watch, CODE: For every 1 hour of tutorials, spend 2 hours practicing.
• Learn to Debug: Error messages are your friends—they tell you exactly what’s wrong.
• Consistency is Key: Coding for 30 minutes every day is better than coding for 5 hours once a week.
🎯 Practice Tasks:
✅ Create a variable for your name and print a greeting.
✅ Write a loop that prints numbers from 1 to 10.
✅ Create a function that takes two numbers and returns their sum.
💬 Double Tap ❤️ For More!
Mastering these five building blocks will allow you to learn any programming language (Python, Java, JavaScript, C++) much faster.
1️⃣ Variables & Data Types
Variables are containers for storing data values.
• Integers: Whole numbers (10, -5)
• Strings: Text ("Hello World")
• Booleans: True/False values
• Floats: Decimal numbers (10.5)
2️⃣ Control Flow (If/Else & Switch)
This allows your code to make decisions based on conditions.
age = 18
if age >= 18:
print("You can vote!")
else:
print("Too young.")
3️⃣ Loops (For & While)
Loops are used to repeat a block of code multiple times without rewriting it.
• For Loop: Used when you know how many times to repeat.
• While Loop: Used as long as a condition is true.
4️⃣ Functions
Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform a specific task. They help keep your code clean and organized.
function greet(name) {
return "Hello, " + name + "!";
}
console.log(greet("Aman")); // Output: Hello, Aman!5️⃣ Data Structures (Arrays/Lists & Objects/Dicts)
These are used to store collections of data.
• Arrays/Lists: Ordered collections (e.g.,
[1, 2, 3]) • Objects/Dictionaries: Key-value pairs (e.g.,
{"name": "Tara", "age": 22})💡 Pro Tips for Beginners:
• Don’t just watch, CODE: For every 1 hour of tutorials, spend 2 hours practicing.
• Learn to Debug: Error messages are your friends—they tell you exactly what’s wrong.
• Consistency is Key: Coding for 30 minutes every day is better than coding for 5 hours once a week.
🎯 Practice Tasks:
✅ Create a variable for your name and print a greeting.
✅ Write a loop that prints numbers from 1 to 10.
✅ Create a function that takes two numbers and returns their sum.
💬 Double Tap ❤️ For More!
❤9🔥2❤🔥1
📊 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘀 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗖𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲😍
🚀Upgrade your skills with industry-relevant Data Analytics training at ZERO cost
✅ Beginner-friendly
✅ Certificate on completion
✅ High-demand skill in 2026
𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤 👇:-
https://pdlink.in/497MMLw
📌 100% FREE – Limited seats available!
🚀Upgrade your skills with industry-relevant Data Analytics training at ZERO cost
✅ Beginner-friendly
✅ Certificate on completion
✅ High-demand skill in 2026
𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤 👇:-
https://pdlink.in/497MMLw
📌 100% FREE – Limited seats available!
❤3
Web Development Roadmap with FREE resources 👇
1. HTML and CSS https://youtu.be/mU6anWqZJcc
2. CSS
https://css-tricks.com
3. Git & GitHub
https://udemy.com/course/git-started-with-github/
4. Tailwind CSS
https://scrimba.com/learn/tailwind
5. JavaScript
https://javanoscript30.com
6. ReactJS
https://scrimba.com/learn/learnreact
7. NodeJS
https://nodejsera.com/30-days-of-node.html
8. Database:
✨MySQL https://mysql.com
✨MongoDB https://mongodb.com
Other FREE RESOURCES
https://news.1rj.ru/str/free4unow_backup/554
Don't forget to build projects at each stage
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
1. HTML and CSS https://youtu.be/mU6anWqZJcc
2. CSS
https://css-tricks.com
3. Git & GitHub
https://udemy.com/course/git-started-with-github/
4. Tailwind CSS
https://scrimba.com/learn/tailwind
5. JavaScript
https://javanoscript30.com
6. ReactJS
https://scrimba.com/learn/learnreact
7. NodeJS
https://nodejsera.com/30-days-of-node.html
8. Database:
✨MySQL https://mysql.com
✨MongoDB https://mongodb.com
Other FREE RESOURCES
https://news.1rj.ru/str/free4unow_backup/554
Don't forget to build projects at each stage
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
❤10
𝐏𝐚𝐲 𝐀𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 - 𝐆𝐞𝐭 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐈𝐧 𝐓𝐨𝐩 𝐌𝐍𝐂'𝐬 😍
Learn Coding From Scratch - Lectures Taught By IIT Alumni
60+ Hiring Drives Every Month
𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬:-
🌟 Trusted by 7500+ Students
🤝 500+ Hiring Partners
💼 Avg. Rs. 7.4 LPA
🚀 41 LPA Highest Package
Eligibility: BTech / BCA / BSc / MCA / MSc
𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐍𝐨𝐰👇 :-
https://pdlink.in/4hO7rWY
Hurry, limited seats available!
Learn Coding From Scratch - Lectures Taught By IIT Alumni
60+ Hiring Drives Every Month
𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬:-
🌟 Trusted by 7500+ Students
🤝 500+ Hiring Partners
💼 Avg. Rs. 7.4 LPA
🚀 41 LPA Highest Package
Eligibility: BTech / BCA / BSc / MCA / MSc
𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐍𝐨𝐰👇 :-
https://pdlink.in/4hO7rWY
Hurry, limited seats available!
Famous programming languages and their frameworks
1. Python:
Frameworks:
Django
Flask
Pyramid
Tornado
2. JavaScript:
Frameworks (Front-End):
React
Angular
Vue.js
Ember.js
Frameworks (Back-End):
Node.js (Runtime)
Express.js
Nest.js
Meteor
3. Java:
Frameworks:
Spring Framework
Hibernate
Apache Struts
Play Framework
4. Ruby:
Frameworks:
Ruby on Rails (Rails)
Sinatra
Hanami
5. PHP:
Frameworks:
Laravel
Symfony
CodeIgniter
Yii
Zend Framework
6. C#:
Frameworks:
.NET Framework
ASP.NET
ASP.NET Core
7. Go (Golang):
Frameworks:
Gin
Echo
Revel
8. Rust:
Frameworks:
Rocket
Actix
Warp
9. Swift:
Frameworks (iOS/macOS):
SwiftUI
UIKit
Cocoa Touch
10. Kotlin:
- Frameworks (Android):
- Android Jetpack
- Ktor
11. TypeScript:
- Frameworks (Front-End):
- Angular
- Vue.js (with TypeScript)
- React (with TypeScript)
12. Scala:
- Frameworks:
- Play Framework
- Akka
13. Perl:
- Frameworks:
- Dancer
- Catalyst
14. Lua:
- Frameworks:
- OpenResty (for web development)
15. Dart:
- Frameworks:
- Flutter (for mobile app development)
16. R:
- Frameworks (for data science and statistics):
- Shiny
- ggplot2
17. Julia:
- Frameworks (for scientific computing):
- Pluto.jl
- Genie.jl
18. MATLAB:
- Frameworks (for scientific and engineering applications):
- Simulink
19. COBOL:
- Frameworks:
- COBOL-IT
20. Erlang:
- Frameworks:
- Phoenix (for web applications)
21. Groovy:
- Frameworks:
- Grails (for web applications)
1. Python:
Frameworks:
Django
Flask
Pyramid
Tornado
2. JavaScript:
Frameworks (Front-End):
React
Angular
Vue.js
Ember.js
Frameworks (Back-End):
Node.js (Runtime)
Express.js
Nest.js
Meteor
3. Java:
Frameworks:
Spring Framework
Hibernate
Apache Struts
Play Framework
4. Ruby:
Frameworks:
Ruby on Rails (Rails)
Sinatra
Hanami
5. PHP:
Frameworks:
Laravel
Symfony
CodeIgniter
Yii
Zend Framework
6. C#:
Frameworks:
.NET Framework
ASP.NET
ASP.NET Core
7. Go (Golang):
Frameworks:
Gin
Echo
Revel
8. Rust:
Frameworks:
Rocket
Actix
Warp
9. Swift:
Frameworks (iOS/macOS):
SwiftUI
UIKit
Cocoa Touch
10. Kotlin:
- Frameworks (Android):
- Android Jetpack
- Ktor
11. TypeScript:
- Frameworks (Front-End):
- Angular
- Vue.js (with TypeScript)
- React (with TypeScript)
12. Scala:
- Frameworks:
- Play Framework
- Akka
13. Perl:
- Frameworks:
- Dancer
- Catalyst
14. Lua:
- Frameworks:
- OpenResty (for web development)
15. Dart:
- Frameworks:
- Flutter (for mobile app development)
16. R:
- Frameworks (for data science and statistics):
- Shiny
- ggplot2
17. Julia:
- Frameworks (for scientific computing):
- Pluto.jl
- Genie.jl
18. MATLAB:
- Frameworks (for scientific and engineering applications):
- Simulink
19. COBOL:
- Frameworks:
- COBOL-IT
20. Erlang:
- Frameworks:
- Phoenix (for web applications)
21. Groovy:
- Frameworks:
- Grails (for web applications)
❤11
𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝗮 𝗖𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗳𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘀𝘁 𝗜𝗻 𝗧𝗼𝗽 𝗠𝗡𝗖𝘀😍
Learn Data Analytics, Data Science & AI From Top Data Experts
𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝘀:-
- 12.65 Lakhs Highest Salary
- 500+ Partner Companies
- 100% Job Assistance
- 5.7 LPA Average Salary
𝗕𝗼𝗼𝗸 𝗮 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗗𝗲𝗺𝗼👇:-
𝗢𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲:- https://pdlink.in/4fdWxJB
🔹 Hyderabad :- https://pdlink.in/4kFhjn3
🔹 Pune:- https://pdlink.in/45p4GrC
🔹 Noida :- https://linkpd.in/DaNoida
( Hurry Up 🏃♂️Limited Slots )
Learn Data Analytics, Data Science & AI From Top Data Experts
𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝘀:-
- 12.65 Lakhs Highest Salary
- 500+ Partner Companies
- 100% Job Assistance
- 5.7 LPA Average Salary
𝗕𝗼𝗼𝗸 𝗮 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗗𝗲𝗺𝗼👇:-
𝗢𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲:- https://pdlink.in/4fdWxJB
🔹 Hyderabad :- https://pdlink.in/4kFhjn3
🔹 Pune:- https://pdlink.in/45p4GrC
🔹 Noida :- https://linkpd.in/DaNoida
( Hurry Up 🏃♂️Limited Slots )
❤1
Essential Python Libraries to build your career in Data Science 📊👇
1. NumPy:
- Efficient numerical operations and array manipulation.
2. Pandas:
- Data manipulation and analysis with powerful data structures (DataFrame, Series).
3. Matplotlib:
- 2D plotting library for creating visualizations.
4. Seaborn:
- Statistical data visualization built on top of Matplotlib.
5. Scikit-learn:
- Machine learning toolkit for classification, regression, clustering, etc.
6. TensorFlow:
- Open-source machine learning framework for building and deploying ML models.
7. PyTorch:
- Deep learning library, particularly popular for neural network research.
8. SciPy:
- Library for scientific and technical computing.
9. Statsmodels:
- Statistical modeling and econometrics in Python.
10. NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit):
- Tools for working with human language data (text).
11. Gensim:
- Topic modeling and document similarity analysis.
12. Keras:
- High-level neural networks API, running on top of TensorFlow.
13. Plotly:
- Interactive graphing library for making interactive plots.
14. Beautiful Soup:
- Web scraping library for pulling data out of HTML and XML files.
15. OpenCV:
- Library for computer vision tasks.
As a beginner, you can start with Pandas and NumPy for data manipulation and analysis. For data visualization, Matplotlib and Seaborn are great starting points. As you progress, you can explore machine learning with Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, and PyTorch.
Free Notes & Books to learn Data Science: https://news.1rj.ru/str/datasciencefree
Python Project Ideas: https://news.1rj.ru/str/dsabooks/85
Best Resources to learn Python & Data Science 👇👇
Python Tutorial
Data Science Course by Kaggle
Machine Learning Course by Google
Best Data Science & Machine Learning Resources
Interview Process for Data Science Role at Amazon
Python Interview Resources
Join @free4unow_backup for more free courses
Like for more ❤️
ENJOY LEARNING👍👍
1. NumPy:
- Efficient numerical operations and array manipulation.
2. Pandas:
- Data manipulation and analysis with powerful data structures (DataFrame, Series).
3. Matplotlib:
- 2D plotting library for creating visualizations.
4. Seaborn:
- Statistical data visualization built on top of Matplotlib.
5. Scikit-learn:
- Machine learning toolkit for classification, regression, clustering, etc.
6. TensorFlow:
- Open-source machine learning framework for building and deploying ML models.
7. PyTorch:
- Deep learning library, particularly popular for neural network research.
8. SciPy:
- Library for scientific and technical computing.
9. Statsmodels:
- Statistical modeling and econometrics in Python.
10. NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit):
- Tools for working with human language data (text).
11. Gensim:
- Topic modeling and document similarity analysis.
12. Keras:
- High-level neural networks API, running on top of TensorFlow.
13. Plotly:
- Interactive graphing library for making interactive plots.
14. Beautiful Soup:
- Web scraping library for pulling data out of HTML and XML files.
15. OpenCV:
- Library for computer vision tasks.
As a beginner, you can start with Pandas and NumPy for data manipulation and analysis. For data visualization, Matplotlib and Seaborn are great starting points. As you progress, you can explore machine learning with Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, and PyTorch.
Free Notes & Books to learn Data Science: https://news.1rj.ru/str/datasciencefree
Python Project Ideas: https://news.1rj.ru/str/dsabooks/85
Best Resources to learn Python & Data Science 👇👇
Python Tutorial
Data Science Course by Kaggle
Machine Learning Course by Google
Best Data Science & Machine Learning Resources
Interview Process for Data Science Role at Amazon
Python Interview Resources
Join @free4unow_backup for more free courses
Like for more ❤️
ENJOY LEARNING👍👍
❤5
𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝟯 𝗦𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗠𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂 𝗨𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲😍
Start learning for FREE and earn a certification that adds real value to your resume.
𝗖𝗹𝗼𝘂𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴:- https://pdlink.in/3LoutZd
𝗖𝘆𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆:- https://pdlink.in/3N9VOyW
𝗕𝗶𝗴 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘀:- https://pdlink.in/497MMLw
👉 Enroll today & future-proof your career!
Start learning for FREE and earn a certification that adds real value to your resume.
𝗖𝗹𝗼𝘂𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴:- https://pdlink.in/3LoutZd
𝗖𝘆𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆:- https://pdlink.in/3N9VOyW
𝗕𝗶𝗴 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘀:- https://pdlink.in/497MMLw
👉 Enroll today & future-proof your career!
🛠️ Top 5 JavaScript Mini Projects for Beginners
Building projects is the only way to truly "learn" JavaScript. Here are 5 detailed ideas to get you started:
1️⃣ Digital Clock & Stopwatch
• The Goal: Build a live clock and a functional stopwatch.
• Concepts Learned: setInterval, setTimeout, Date object, and DOM manipulation.
• Features: Start, Pause, and Reset buttons for the stopwatch.
2️⃣ Interactive Quiz App
• The Goal: A quiz where users answer multiple-choice questions and see their final score.
• Concepts Learned: Objects, Arrays, forEach loops, and conditional logic.
• Features: Score counter, "Next" button, and color feedback (green for correct, red for wrong).
3️⃣ Real-Time Weather App
• The Goal: User enters a city name and gets current weather data.
• Concepts Learned: Fetch API, Async/Await, JSON handling, and working with third-party APIs (like OpenWeatherMap).
• Features: Search bar, dynamic background images based on weather, and temperature conversion.
4️⃣ Expense Tracker
• The Goal: Track income and expenses to show a total balance.
• Concepts Learned: LocalStorage (to save data even if the page refreshes), Array methods (filter, reduce), and event listeners.
• Features: Add/Delete transactions, category labels, and a running total.
5️⃣ Recipe Search Engine
• The Goal: Search for recipes based on ingredients using an API.
• Concepts Learned: Complex API calls, template literals for dynamic HTML, and error handling (Try/Catch).
• Features: Image cards for each recipe, links to full instructions, and a "loading" spinner.
🚀 Pro Tip: Once you finish a project, try to add one feature that wasn't in the original plan. That’s where the real learning happens!
💬 Double Tap ♥️ For More
Building projects is the only way to truly "learn" JavaScript. Here are 5 detailed ideas to get you started:
1️⃣ Digital Clock & Stopwatch
• The Goal: Build a live clock and a functional stopwatch.
• Concepts Learned: setInterval, setTimeout, Date object, and DOM manipulation.
• Features: Start, Pause, and Reset buttons for the stopwatch.
2️⃣ Interactive Quiz App
• The Goal: A quiz where users answer multiple-choice questions and see their final score.
• Concepts Learned: Objects, Arrays, forEach loops, and conditional logic.
• Features: Score counter, "Next" button, and color feedback (green for correct, red for wrong).
3️⃣ Real-Time Weather App
• The Goal: User enters a city name and gets current weather data.
• Concepts Learned: Fetch API, Async/Await, JSON handling, and working with third-party APIs (like OpenWeatherMap).
• Features: Search bar, dynamic background images based on weather, and temperature conversion.
4️⃣ Expense Tracker
• The Goal: Track income and expenses to show a total balance.
• Concepts Learned: LocalStorage (to save data even if the page refreshes), Array methods (filter, reduce), and event listeners.
• Features: Add/Delete transactions, category labels, and a running total.
5️⃣ Recipe Search Engine
• The Goal: Search for recipes based on ingredients using an API.
• Concepts Learned: Complex API calls, template literals for dynamic HTML, and error handling (Try/Catch).
• Features: Image cards for each recipe, links to full instructions, and a "loading" spinner.
🚀 Pro Tip: Once you finish a project, try to add one feature that wasn't in the original plan. That’s where the real learning happens!
💬 Double Tap ♥️ For More
❤7
𝗙𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗰𝗸 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗽𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗵𝗶𝗴𝗵-𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘀𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗜𝗻 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲😍
Join FREE Masterclass In Hyderabad/Pune/Noida Cities
𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝘀:-
- 500+ Hiring Partners
- 60+ Hiring Drives
- 100% Placement Assistance
𝗕𝗼𝗼𝗸 𝗮 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗼👇:-
🔹 Hyderabad :- https://pdlink.in/4cJUWtx
🔹 Pune :- https://pdlink.in/3YA32zi
🔹 Noida :- https://linkpd.in/NoidaFSD
Hurry Up 🏃♂️! Limited seats are available
Join FREE Masterclass In Hyderabad/Pune/Noida Cities
𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝘀:-
- 500+ Hiring Partners
- 60+ Hiring Drives
- 100% Placement Assistance
𝗕𝗼𝗼𝗸 𝗮 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗼👇:-
🔹 Hyderabad :- https://pdlink.in/4cJUWtx
🔹 Pune :- https://pdlink.in/3YA32zi
🔹 Noida :- https://linkpd.in/NoidaFSD
Hurry Up 🏃♂️! Limited seats are available
❤1