#VadoseZone contains “the living skin” of our planet, that is, the outermost layer of Earth that contains the myriads of soil organisms and is the foundation of #agriculture. The vadose zone provides critical ecosystem services:

Researchers found that applying oxidized #biochar with cattle slurry to 3 different soils reduced ammonia #emissions by 64–75% in all of them:

Recent research found that tidal marsh #soils can store 3 to 5 times the amount of #carbon than forest soils. Roots and rhizomes in tidal marshes add to the organic matter of the soil.

Wishing you all the best for the exam. Hope you will ace it. Good luck.
Regards
Dr. Eetela Sathyanarayana

Goddess Durgamma Blessings With You All. My Sincere Prayers. Best wishes for ICAR - JRF & SRF exam.

Pumice layers under top soil due to Volcanic eruptions @ Newzealand

Document from Dr. Eetela Sathyanarayana