Forwarded from Quylibum Yiqulum
Mapping Migration in the Face of Climate Change - CityLab
https://www.citylab.com/environment/2020/02/climate-change-migration-map-sea-level-rise-coastal-cities/605440/
https://www.citylab.com/environment/2020/02/climate-change-migration-map-sea-level-rise-coastal-cities/605440/
Bloomberg.com
Where America's Climate Migrants Will Go As Sea Level Rises
13 million U.S. coastal residents are expected to be displaced by 2100 due to sea level rise. Researchers are starting to predict where they’ll go.
Forwarded from Khajiit's Library of Facts
Photosynthesis is probably the most important biological process on Earth. Converting light into chemical energy stored as sugar, photosynthetic organisms can use the Sun's energy to power the chemical processes that keep them alive, as so all the other organisms that depend on them.
Forwarded from Khajiit's Library of Facts
Photosynthesis is a two step process. The first step is formed by the light reactions. On this step, light is gathered and used to produce oxygen, hydrogen ions and a bit of temporary chemical energy in the form of ATP molecules.
The second step, formed by the so called dark reactions, takes the hydrogen, the ATP and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produce sugar precursors in a cycle of chemical reactions called the Calvin Cycle.
The second step, formed by the so called dark reactions, takes the hydrogen, the ATP and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produce sugar precursors in a cycle of chemical reactions called the Calvin Cycle.
Forwarded from Khajiit's Library of Facts
In plant cells, photosyntheses happens inside special organelles called chloroplats. In the interior of the chloroplast, where there are systems of stacked flat membranous sacks called Thylakoids. On the surface of the thylakoids is located the biomolecular machinery responsable for gathering light.
Forwarded from Khajiit's Library of Facts
Everything starts when photons of light hit the membrane of thylakoids , where the photosystems are located. The photosystems are molecular complexes that contain chlorophyll, which is responsable for absorbing the photons.
Forwarded from Khajiit's Library of Facts
When clorophyll molecules absorbs the light, it produces energetic electrons. These electrons are collected and moved across an electron transport chain, a series of molecular complexes that extracts their energy to pump hydrogen ions across the membranes of the thylakoids creating an electrochemical gradient (chemiosmosis) that is harnessed by proton turbines (ATP synthase enzymes) to produce ATP, a molecule uses to store the energy for the next dark reactions.
In the process, the chlorophyl molecules will also break an water molecule, producing oxygen and hydrogen ions. The electrons will be pass through a second photosystem where they are reenergized by another photon of light, be used to make more ATP before finally be recombined with hydrogen ions to produce NADPH molecules, which will participate in the next set of reactions together with ATP.
In the process, the chlorophyl molecules will also break an water molecule, producing oxygen and hydrogen ions. The electrons will be pass through a second photosystem where they are reenergized by another photon of light, be used to make more ATP before finally be recombined with hydrogen ions to produce NADPH molecules, which will participate in the next set of reactions together with ATP.
Forwarded from Khajiit's Library of Facts
The ATP synthase enzyme moves the hydrogen ions across the membrane, and working as a turbine, converting their chemical potential energy into ATP.
Forwarded from Khajiit's Library of Facts
The G3P molecules produced are used as precursors for the production of any sugar molecule used by the plant's cells.
Through a series of further reactions catalysed by their respective enzymes it's possible to get glucose and frutose from G3P. These sugas can further be combined to produce sucrose. Glucose can be also be polymerized to make starch and cellulose.
Through a series of further reactions catalysed by their respective enzymes it's possible to get glucose and frutose from G3P. These sugas can further be combined to produce sucrose. Glucose can be also be polymerized to make starch and cellulose.
Forwarded from Khajiit's Library of Facts
In the dark reactions, CO2 is captured from the atmopshere, reacted with NADPH, using the energy stored in the ATP to produce sugar through the Calvin cycle.
The cycle starts with the reaction of a carbon dioxide molecule with a ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) molecule, forming two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA). These 3-PGA molecules are reacted with ATP to produce 1-3-biphosphogycerate molecules, which are further reacted with NADPH to produce Gyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).
Through one turn of the cycle's reactions, 3 carbon dioxide molecules are reacted, plus 9 ATP molecules and 6 NADPH molecules to produce 6 G3P. Five are renerated back into 3 RuBP molecules so the cycle can start again, while one is set appart.
The cycle starts with the reaction of a carbon dioxide molecule with a ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) molecule, forming two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA). These 3-PGA molecules are reacted with ATP to produce 1-3-biphosphogycerate molecules, which are further reacted with NADPH to produce Gyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).
Through one turn of the cycle's reactions, 3 carbon dioxide molecules are reacted, plus 9 ATP molecules and 6 NADPH molecules to produce 6 G3P. Five are renerated back into 3 RuBP molecules so the cycle can start again, while one is set appart.
Forwarded from Khajiit's Library of Facts
The most important reaction in the Calvin cycle is the reaction of CO2 with ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. This reaction is catalysed by the most common enzyme on the planet, RuBisCo (Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase).
“Eco Grime” Artists Blend Natural Sounds & Electronics to Depict a Polluted World | Bandcamp Daily
https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/eco-grime-music-history
https://daily.bandcamp.com/lists/eco-grime-music-history
Bandcamp Daily
“Eco Grime” Artists Blend Natural Sounds & Electronics to Depict a Polluted World
Plastic-eating animals, computerized mind control, toxic plants—all of these belong to the world of “eco grime.”