وقتی که حتی روی یه فانکشن ساده هم دیباگر میزنی تا بفهمی داره توی call stack چه غلطی میکنه

recursive binary search implementation :

def binary_search_recv(list, number , low , high):
   if low > high:
      return -1

   mid = (low + high)
   guess = list[mid]

   if guess == number:
      return mid

   if guess > number:
      return binary_search_recv(list , number , low , mid - 1)
   else:
      return binary_search_recv(list, number , mid + 1 , high)

note:
_ with every recall using return with their function will cause re-run the function with their provided (args)
_ in the recall method the state of the variables must have to be passed because of reruring the function proccess

Factory Implementation

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod


class FormatNotFound(Exception):
    pass

class File(ABC):
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.file = file

    @abstractmethod
    def make(self):
        pass

    def call_edit(self):
        product = self.make()
        result = product.edit(self.file)
        return result


class JsonFile(File):
    def make(self):
        return Json()


class XmlFile(File):
    def make(self):
        return Xml()


class Json:
    def edit(self, file):
        return f'working on {file}.json'


class Xml:
    def edit(self, file):
        return f'working on {file}.xml'


def client(file, format):
    try:

        formats = {
        'json': JsonFile
        , 'xml': XmlFile
    }
        result = formats[format](file)
        return result.call_edit()
    except KeyError:
        raise FormatNotFound



if __name__ == '__main__':
    print(client('test', 'json'))

factory has 3 component :
1. Creator
2. Product
3. Client

for the golang programming language composition over inheritance is consider the most important basic part

A struct is C's and C++'s notion of a composite type, a datatype that composes a fixed set of labeled fields or members. It is so called because of the struct keyword used in declaring them, which is short for structure or, more precisely, user-defined data structure.

osi model