1/2 Private attorney general - "Public interest lawyers" redirects here. For other uses, see Cause lawyer.
A private attorney general is an informal term originating in common law jurisdictions for a private attorney who brings a lawsuit claiming it to be in the public interest, i.e., benefiting the general public and not just the plaintiff, on behalf of a citizen or group of citizens.[1][2] The attorney may, at the equitable discretion of the court, be ennoscriptd to recover attorney's fees if they prevail. The rationale behind this principle is to provide extra incentive to private attorneys to pursue suits that may be of benefit to society at large. Private attorney general suits are commonly, though not always, brought as class actions in jurisdictions that permit the certification of class action lawsuits. Origin
Main article: Qui tam
Historically in English common law, a writ of qui tam was a writ through which private individuals who assist a prosecution can receive for themselves all or part of the damages or financial penalties recovered by the government as a result of the prosecution. Its name is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase qui tam pro domino rege quam pro se ipso in hac parte sequitur, meaning "[he] who sues in this matter for the king as well as for himself." While the writ fell into disuse in England and Wales following the Common Informers Act 1951, it remains current in the United States under the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. § 3729 et seq., which allows a private individual, or "whistleblower" (or relator), with knowledge of past or present fraud committed against the federal government to bring suit on its behalf. There are also qui tam provisions in 18 U.S.C. § 962 regarding arming vessels against friendly nations; 25 U.S.C. § 201 regarding violating Indian protection laws; 46 U.S.C. § 80103 regarding the removal of undersea treasure from the Florida coast to foreign nations; and 35 U.S.C. § 292 regarding false marking. In February 2011, the qui tam provision regarding false marking was held to be unconstitutional by a U.S. District Court,[3] and in September of that year, the enactment of the Leahy–Smith America Invents Act effectively removed qui tam remedies from § 292.[4] Contemporary private attorney general lawsuits are an outgrowth of the rationale underlying the writ of qui tam that enabling private citizens to enforce the law will strengthen enforcement and contribute to the rule of law. United States Another example of the "private attorney general" provisions is the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). RICO allows average citizens (private attorneys general) to sue organisations that commit mail and wire fraud as part of their criminal enterprise.[citation needed] To date, there are over 60 federal statutes[citation needed] that encourage private enforcement by allowing prevailing plaintiffs to collect attorney's fees.
Attorneys who function as a private attorney general do so without compensation. The statutes permitting a plaintiff to recover attorneys' fees have been held not to apply when the plaintiff is an attorney. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_attorney_general
A private attorney general is an informal term originating in common law jurisdictions for a private attorney who brings a lawsuit claiming it to be in the public interest, i.e., benefiting the general public and not just the plaintiff, on behalf of a citizen or group of citizens.[1][2] The attorney may, at the equitable discretion of the court, be ennoscriptd to recover attorney's fees if they prevail. The rationale behind this principle is to provide extra incentive to private attorneys to pursue suits that may be of benefit to society at large. Private attorney general suits are commonly, though not always, brought as class actions in jurisdictions that permit the certification of class action lawsuits. Origin
Main article: Qui tam
Historically in English common law, a writ of qui tam was a writ through which private individuals who assist a prosecution can receive for themselves all or part of the damages or financial penalties recovered by the government as a result of the prosecution. Its name is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase qui tam pro domino rege quam pro se ipso in hac parte sequitur, meaning "[he] who sues in this matter for the king as well as for himself." While the writ fell into disuse in England and Wales following the Common Informers Act 1951, it remains current in the United States under the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. § 3729 et seq., which allows a private individual, or "whistleblower" (or relator), with knowledge of past or present fraud committed against the federal government to bring suit on its behalf. There are also qui tam provisions in 18 U.S.C. § 962 regarding arming vessels against friendly nations; 25 U.S.C. § 201 regarding violating Indian protection laws; 46 U.S.C. § 80103 regarding the removal of undersea treasure from the Florida coast to foreign nations; and 35 U.S.C. § 292 regarding false marking. In February 2011, the qui tam provision regarding false marking was held to be unconstitutional by a U.S. District Court,[3] and in September of that year, the enactment of the Leahy–Smith America Invents Act effectively removed qui tam remedies from § 292.[4] Contemporary private attorney general lawsuits are an outgrowth of the rationale underlying the writ of qui tam that enabling private citizens to enforce the law will strengthen enforcement and contribute to the rule of law. United States Another example of the "private attorney general" provisions is the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). RICO allows average citizens (private attorneys general) to sue organisations that commit mail and wire fraud as part of their criminal enterprise.[citation needed] To date, there are over 60 federal statutes[citation needed] that encourage private enforcement by allowing prevailing plaintiffs to collect attorney's fees.
Attorneys who function as a private attorney general do so without compensation. The statutes permitting a plaintiff to recover attorneys' fees have been held not to apply when the plaintiff is an attorney. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_attorney_general
Wikipedia
Private attorney general
a term for lawyer seeking public interest in common law countries
2/2 The U.S. Congress codified the private attorney general principle into law with the enactment of Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Award Act of 1976, 42 U.S.C. § 1988. The Senate Report on this statute stated that The Senate Committee on the Judiciary wanted to level the playing field so that private citizens, who might have little or no money, could still serve as "private attorneys general" and afford to bring actions, even against state or local bodies, to enforce the civil rights laws. The Committee acknowledged that, "[i]f private citizens are to be able to assert their civil rights, and if those who violate the Nation's fundamental laws are not to proceed with impunity, then citizens must have the opportunity to recover what it costs them to vindicate these rights in court." Where a plaintiff wins his or her lawsuit and is considered the "prevailing party," § 1988 acts to shift fees, including expert witness fees at least in certain types of civil rights actions, under the Civil Rights Act of 1991, even if not in § 1983 actions, and to make those who acted as private attorneys general whole again, thus encouraging the enforcement of the civil rights laws. The Senate reported that it intended fee awards to be "adequate to attract competent counsel" to represent client with civil rights grievances. S. Rep. No. 94-1011, p. 6 (1976). The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted the act to provide for the payment of a "reasonable attorney's fee" based on the fair market value of the legal services.
While there is such a thing as a private attorney general act in the United States, it should be stated that there is no such thing as a private non-attorney citizen being a "private attorney general" for all purposes. The term applies only to the exercise of one's ability to pursue certain specific kinds of legal actions which are statutorily authorized. It does not create the ability to call one's self a "private attorney general".
While there is such a thing as a private attorney general act in the United States, it should be stated that there is no such thing as a private non-attorney citizen being a "private attorney general" for all purposes. The term applies only to the exercise of one's ability to pursue certain specific kinds of legal actions which are statutorily authorized. It does not create the ability to call one's self a "private attorney general".
Forwarded from Pentagon Pedophile Task Force
Look into Juan O'Savin... does Juan have property in New Mexico... asking for a friend
Forwarded from The Patriot Voice (TPV John 🇺🇸)
New York Times just came out with an article that directly glorifies, and embellishes CANNIBALISM.
It’s VERY clear that spiritual warfare is intensifying more, and more…
Put on the WHOLE Armor of God daily, because we just crossed another rubicon in our fight against EVIL.
Marina Abramovic would be proud.
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/23/style/cannibalism-tv-shows-movies-books.html
It’s VERY clear that spiritual warfare is intensifying more, and more…
Put on the WHOLE Armor of God daily, because we just crossed another rubicon in our fight against EVIL.
Marina Abramovic would be proud.
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/23/style/cannibalism-tv-shows-movies-books.html
Forwarded from Q The Storm
Forwarded from Q The Storm
Shares of AT&T fell on Thursday after CEO John Stankey said that customers are starting to put off paying their phone bills.
With food & energy inflating—and people have to eat!—this was something we’ve anticipated for years: rapidly rising food prices are the death knell of economy.
https://www.zerohedge.com/personal-finance/state-us-consumer-att-crashes-americans-cant-afford-pay-their-phone-bills
JOIN | @QTHESTORM
With food & energy inflating—and people have to eat!—this was something we’ve anticipated for years: rapidly rising food prices are the death knell of economy.
https://www.zerohedge.com/personal-finance/state-us-consumer-att-crashes-americans-cant-afford-pay-their-phone-bills
JOIN | @QTHESTORM
Forwarded from Gabbi Choong
Porn is mass mind control.
“Lest we are still tempted to defend Hefner’s Playboy as a ‘harmless’ magazine, let’s remember this: it opened the door to what is now a giant global industry, with websites pumping out hardcore content in which humans are treated like worthless objects. In its time, Playboy has published child porn images, and cartoons depicting rape and child abuse.“
Let’s not forget the millions of women and children being trafficked around the world, to work in brothels as sex slaves to service their porn-inspired clientele.”
It’s time for Truth Justice and Freedom for our children
▶️ https://sheridanvoysey.com/hugh-hefners-legacy-is-nothing-to-celebrate-an-important-guest-post/
http://t.me/gabbichoong
“Lest we are still tempted to defend Hefner’s Playboy as a ‘harmless’ magazine, let’s remember this: it opened the door to what is now a giant global industry, with websites pumping out hardcore content in which humans are treated like worthless objects. In its time, Playboy has published child porn images, and cartoons depicting rape and child abuse.“
Let’s not forget the millions of women and children being trafficked around the world, to work in brothels as sex slaves to service their porn-inspired clientele.”
It’s time for Truth Justice and Freedom for our children
▶️ https://sheridanvoysey.com/hugh-hefners-legacy-is-nothing-to-celebrate-an-important-guest-post/
http://t.me/gabbichoong
Forwarded from Gabbi Choong
“The Pentagon porn story began in 2006.
Project Flicker produced payment records of about 5,200 people, 1700 who purchased child rape material with Army or military e-mail addresses. A FOI request revealed out of that 3,500, investigators uncovered 264 employees or contractors, including staffers for the secretary of defense & contractors at the NSA.
Nine people had top security clearances.
Child sex offenders are the largest category of inmates in U.S. military prisons, but their sentences are dramatically reduced & the details of their sordid crimes are covered up by the forces' justice system.
Of 1,233 inmates in the military's prisons, 391 have been convicted of a range of charges from rape to disturbing child pornography.
Child sex-assault cases are not included in the Defense Department’s annual report to Congress on sexual assaults, which focuses primarily on adult-on-adult incidents
Where’s the Aus reports on child rape charges on military personnel❓
Read more ⬇️
http://t.me/gabbichoong
Project Flicker produced payment records of about 5,200 people, 1700 who purchased child rape material with Army or military e-mail addresses. A FOI request revealed out of that 3,500, investigators uncovered 264 employees or contractors, including staffers for the secretary of defense & contractors at the NSA.
Nine people had top security clearances.
Child sex offenders are the largest category of inmates in U.S. military prisons, but their sentences are dramatically reduced & the details of their sordid crimes are covered up by the forces' justice system.
Of 1,233 inmates in the military's prisons, 391 have been convicted of a range of charges from rape to disturbing child pornography.
Child sex-assault cases are not included in the Defense Department’s annual report to Congress on sexual assaults, which focuses primarily on adult-on-adult incidents
Where’s the Aus reports on child rape charges on military personnel❓
Read more ⬇️
http://t.me/gabbichoong
Forwarded from Gabbi Choong
Royal Commissioner James Wood was named by survivors as an abuser during the 2015 coverup he was overseeing. He used the work of CIA psychologist Elizabeth Loftus to dismiss multiple witness accounts of organised networks of child rape & ritual abuse.
“CIA Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus was a member of the USA False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF)
MKULTRA victims have reported abuse in the CIA laboratory situated beneath Holsworthy Army Base & in the adjacent 20-story underground CSIRO laboratory located beneath ANSTO nuclear reactor at Lucas heights.
Both the the CSIRO & ANSTO signed up to the Redress Scheme instigated by the federal Child Sex Abuse Royal Commission, which constitutes an admission of guilt & liability that children were raped in these government institutions. To further demonstrate the USA connection, ANSTO – an Australian government subsidiary – is registered to Idaho, USA.”
Fiona Barnett
t.me/gabbichoong
“CIA Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus was a member of the USA False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF)
MKULTRA victims have reported abuse in the CIA laboratory situated beneath Holsworthy Army Base & in the adjacent 20-story underground CSIRO laboratory located beneath ANSTO nuclear reactor at Lucas heights.
Both the the CSIRO & ANSTO signed up to the Redress Scheme instigated by the federal Child Sex Abuse Royal Commission, which constitutes an admission of guilt & liability that children were raped in these government institutions. To further demonstrate the USA connection, ANSTO – an Australian government subsidiary – is registered to Idaho, USA.”
Fiona Barnett
t.me/gabbichoong
Forwarded from Pentagon Pedophile Task Force
BitChute
JUAN O'SAVIN NAMED AS [EVIL] INTEL OPERATIVE ASSIGNED TO PREVENT EXPOSURE OF CPS CHILD KIDNAPPINGS
*****THE TRUTH ABOUT JUAN O'SAVIN IS COMING OUT*****
*****ATTEMPTING TO OVERTHROW THE U.S. GOVERNMENT IS NEVER A GOOD IDEA*****
www.timothycharlesholmseth.com
*****ATTEMPTING TO OVERTHROW THE U.S. GOVERNMENT IS NEVER A GOOD IDEA*****
www.timothycharlesholmseth.com
Are you digging into the Juan clown? Is he working with the Will Sommer Clown?? asking for frenz
Forwarded from Pentagon Pedophile Task Force
Look into Juan O'Savin... does Juan have property in New Mexico... asking for a friend
Forwarded from Q The Storm
Eyes ON, next 72 hours:
- Arizona
- Wisconsin
- Georgia
- California
Coordinated.
Devastating.
[GAME] Over.
JOIN | @QTHESTORM
- Arizona
- Wisconsin
- Georgia
- California
Coordinated.
Devastating.
[GAME] Over.
JOIN | @QTHESTORM
Forwarded from Pentagon Pedophile Task Force
BREAKING! "HALEIGH IS ALIVE" - DAVID LESTER STRAIGHT (U.S. SECRET SERVICE) HAS STATED THE MISSING CHILD HALEIGH CUMMINGS IS ALIVE - - - https://gab.com/Timothy_Charles_Holmseth/posts/108699902602242178
Forwarded from Lin Wood (L. Lin Wood)
A person with a curious mind would have to wonder if Zelensky has ever visited DisneyWorld and has ever spoken with Ron DeSantis and/or Rick Scott???
Florida is a state with many “characters” and “illusions.”
Walt Disney.
CIA.
33 degree Freemason.
Magic.
Do the research.
Connect the dots.
Draw your own conclusions.
I have drawn mine.
Lin 🙏❤️🇺🇸
www.FightBack.law
Florida is a state with many “characters” and “illusions.”
Walt Disney.
CIA.
33 degree Freemason.
Magic.
Do the research.
Connect the dots.
Draw your own conclusions.
I have drawn mine.
Lin 🙏❤️🇺🇸
www.FightBack.law
Forwarded from Lin Wood (L. Lin Wood)
WATCH OUT for any Florida “selected official” supported by Jeb Bush!!!
The Bush Crime Family is very much like a secret society.
Just my opinion.
Based on disclosed facts.
Lin 🙏❤️🇺🇸
https://patriotsforamerica.news/2022/05/24/jeb-bush-admits/
The Bush Crime Family is very much like a secret society.
Just my opinion.
Based on disclosed facts.
Lin 🙏❤️🇺🇸
https://patriotsforamerica.news/2022/05/24/jeb-bush-admits/
Forwarded from Lin Wood (L. Lin Wood)