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Archeologists to Scan the Great Pyramid of Giza with Cosmic Rays 🇪🇬

A team of scientists will use advances in High Energy Physics (HIP) to scan the Great Pyramid of Khufu at Giza with cosmic-ray muons. They want to see deeper into the Great Pyramid than ever before and map its internal structure. The effort is called the Explore the Great Pyramid (EGP) mission.

In recent times, archaeological teams have used some high-tech methods to probe the insides of the pyramids more rigorously. In the late 1960s, American Physicist Luis Alvarez and his team used muon tomography to scan the pyramid's interior. In 1969, Alvarez reported that they examined 19% of the pyramid and found no new chambers.

In 2016-17, the ScanPyramids team used non-invasive techniques to study the Great Pyramid. Like Alvarez before them, they used muon tomography, along with infrared thermography and other tools. Their most significant discovery is the "Big Void," a massive void above the Grand Gallery. The discovery was published in the journal Nature and is considered one of the most significant scientific discoveries that year.

The Explore the Great Pyramid (EGP) mission uses muon tomography to take the next step in imaging the Great Pyramid. Like ScanPyramids before them, EGP will use muon tomography to image the structure's interior. But EGP says that their muon telescope system will be 100 times more powerful than previous muon imaging. "We plan to field a telescope system that has upwards of 100 times the sensitivity of the equipment that has recently been used at the Great Pyramid, will image muons from nearly all angles and will, for the first time, produce a true tomographic image of such a large structure," they write in the paper explaining the mission.

https://phys.org/news/2022-03-archeologists-scan-great-pyramid-giza.html?
Archaeologist Identifies a Lost Timekeeping System in The Stones of Stonehenge 🇬🇧

Studies of Stonehenge as a way of tracking time and seasons stretch back centuries, but until now it's remained unclear exactly how this might have worked.

The new research was built on a previous study revealing that the sarsen stones that make up the bulk of Stonehenge all came from the same source. That means they were likely to have been put up at the same time, and were probably intended to work together.

"The proposed calendar works in a very straightforward way," says Darvill. "Each of the 30 stones in the Sarsen Circle represents a day within a month, itself divided into three weeks each of 10 days.

"The intercalary month, probably dedicated to the deities of the site, is represented by the five trilithons in the center of the site. The four Station Stones outside the Sarsen Circle provide markers to notch-up until a leap day."

In serving as a solar calendar, the winter and summer solstices could be viewed through the same pairs of stones each year.

https://www.sciencealert.com/new-analysis-reveals-how-stonehenge-functioned-as-a-solar-calendar?