When did the modern symphony orchestra appear?
The predecessor of the modern symphony orchestra appeared around 1600. The most notable early example was the ensemble playing in the Italian composer Claudio Monteverdi’s opera Orfeo.
In the late 17th century the French composer Jean-Baptiste Lully directed for the royal court an orchestra dominated by string instruments but also including woodwinds, such as oboes and bassoons, and sometimes flutes and horns.
In the 18th century in Germany, Johann Stamitz and other composers in what is known as the Mannheim school established the basic composition of the modern symphony orchestra: four sections, consisting of woodwinds (flutes, oboes, and bassoons), brass (horns and trumpets), percussion (two timpani), and strings (first and second violins, violas, cellos, and double basses).
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The predecessor of the modern symphony orchestra appeared around 1600. The most notable early example was the ensemble playing in the Italian composer Claudio Monteverdi’s opera Orfeo.
In the late 17th century the French composer Jean-Baptiste Lully directed for the royal court an orchestra dominated by string instruments but also including woodwinds, such as oboes and bassoons, and sometimes flutes and horns.
In the 18th century in Germany, Johann Stamitz and other composers in what is known as the Mannheim school established the basic composition of the modern symphony orchestra: four sections, consisting of woodwinds (flutes, oboes, and bassoons), brass (horns and trumpets), percussion (two timpani), and strings (first and second violins, violas, cellos, and double basses).
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How many species of rhinos live now on our planet?
The rhinoceroses are odd-toed ungulates belonging to the family Rhinocerotidae.
Rhinoceroses are herbivorous by nature, possess a thick protective skin, a small brain compared to the body size, and horns.
Currently, there are five extant species in this family of which two are found in Africa and three in Southern Asia.
African species are:
- White rhinoceros
- Black rhinoceros
Asian rhinos are:
- Indian or greater one-horned rhinoceros
- Javan or lesser one-horned rhinoceros
- Sumatran Rhinoceros, also called hairy rhinoceros or Asian two-horned rhinoceros
Rhinos are one of the most threatened animals of the world.
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The rhinoceroses are odd-toed ungulates belonging to the family Rhinocerotidae.
Rhinoceroses are herbivorous by nature, possess a thick protective skin, a small brain compared to the body size, and horns.
Currently, there are five extant species in this family of which two are found in Africa and three in Southern Asia.
African species are:
- White rhinoceros
- Black rhinoceros
Asian rhinos are:
- Indian or greater one-horned rhinoceros
- Javan or lesser one-horned rhinoceros
- Sumatran Rhinoceros, also called hairy rhinoceros or Asian two-horned rhinoceros
Rhinos are one of the most threatened animals of the world.
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What are the main physical differences between white and black rhinos?
Both living in Africa, the white and the black rhinoceroses have several main differences in physical appearance.
And it’s not their colour, which is normally dark grey for both species.
Body shape
White rhinos, who are long, imponent and barrel-shaped, and can weigh up to 2,300 kg, are larger than the black ones, who are shorter and more compact with a maximum weight of about 1,200 kilograms.
Mouth shape
White rhinos are grazers and have flat and broad lips whereas black rhinos feed on leaves and branches and possess a pointed lip in the shape of a hook.
Horn length
White rhinos usually have a longer front horn and a much shorter second horn. Black rhinos have shorter front horns than white rhinos, but the second horn is just slightly shorter so that the two horns are more similar in length.
Ears
White rhinos’ ears are tubular and very long, while black rhinos have smaller and rounded ears.
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Both living in Africa, the white and the black rhinoceroses have several main differences in physical appearance.
And it’s not their colour, which is normally dark grey for both species.
Body shape
White rhinos, who are long, imponent and barrel-shaped, and can weigh up to 2,300 kg, are larger than the black ones, who are shorter and more compact with a maximum weight of about 1,200 kilograms.
Mouth shape
White rhinos are grazers and have flat and broad lips whereas black rhinos feed on leaves and branches and possess a pointed lip in the shape of a hook.
Horn length
White rhinos usually have a longer front horn and a much shorter second horn. Black rhinos have shorter front horns than white rhinos, but the second horn is just slightly shorter so that the two horns are more similar in length.
Ears
White rhinos’ ears are tubular and very long, while black rhinos have smaller and rounded ears.
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Why do we call the European continent “Europe”?
The word “Europe” goes back to Ancient Greece where the Greeks had a goddess Europa.
It’s likely that the continent was named after her.
There are two main theories why the name Europa was chosen and why this particular goddess became the representative for the continent.
One theory is that Europa came from the Akkadian word erebu, meaning “to set in the west,” because Europe was (and is) to the west of that other continent, Asia.
Another more common version is that this word combines the Greek words eurys (“broad”) and ops (“face”), because the continent represented the broad face of the land on which humankind walked.
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The word “Europe” goes back to Ancient Greece where the Greeks had a goddess Europa.
It’s likely that the continent was named after her.
There are two main theories why the name Europa was chosen and why this particular goddess became the representative for the continent.
One theory is that Europa came from the Akkadian word erebu, meaning “to set in the west,” because Europe was (and is) to the west of that other continent, Asia.
Another more common version is that this word combines the Greek words eurys (“broad”) and ops (“face”), because the continent represented the broad face of the land on which humankind walked.
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Why do we call the Asian continent “Asia”?
We inherited the word “Asia” from the Ancient Greeks who already divided the world into Europe and Asia.
This view of the world is in fact what created the very idea of continents.
The theory that sees Europe coming from the Akkadian erebu, also says that Asia comes from asu, the Akkadian word for “to rise” (as the sun does in the east).
The same Phoenician word asu could mean “east”.
In reference to the sun, Asia would be then “the land of the sunrise.”
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We inherited the word “Asia” from the Ancient Greeks who already divided the world into Europe and Asia.
This view of the world is in fact what created the very idea of continents.
The theory that sees Europe coming from the Akkadian erebu, also says that Asia comes from asu, the Akkadian word for “to rise” (as the sun does in the east).
The same Phoenician word asu could mean “east”.
In reference to the sun, Asia would be then “the land of the sunrise.”
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Why do we call the African continent “Africa”?
The origins of the name “Africa” date back to the Ancient World and can be explained by several versions.
One theory is that it was named for a native tribe there—the Afri, with “Africa” then being the feminine form of “Africus”, literally meaning “land of the Afri”.
An alternate theory is that Africa comes from the Phoenician word “afar”, which means “dust”, put together with the Latin suffix –ica. So the name could mean “a land of dust.”
According to a third version the Arabic afar meant “earth” itself and was used by Romans who called their new province “Africa”, which was only a small part of the whole continent.
As Europeans continued exploring and discovered the breadth of the continent, the name that the Romans had originally used for their small province stuck, and the entire continent became known as Africa.
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The origins of the name “Africa” date back to the Ancient World and can be explained by several versions.
One theory is that it was named for a native tribe there—the Afri, with “Africa” then being the feminine form of “Africus”, literally meaning “land of the Afri”.
An alternate theory is that Africa comes from the Phoenician word “afar”, which means “dust”, put together with the Latin suffix –ica. So the name could mean “a land of dust.”
According to a third version the Arabic afar meant “earth” itself and was used by Romans who called their new province “Africa”, which was only a small part of the whole continent.
As Europeans continued exploring and discovered the breadth of the continent, the name that the Romans had originally used for their small province stuck, and the entire continent became known as Africa.
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Why “America” for the continent discovered by Columbus?
After Christopher Columbus sailed west in 1492 and reported his findings to Europe, other people took it upon themselves to find out about the land they’d been previously unaware of.
One of these people was the Italian merchant and navigator Amerigo Vespucci, who traveled to the “New World” in 1501 and realized that Columbus hadn’t made it to India, but in fact had gone to an entirely different continent.
Vespucci wrote about his travels and his books were published in 1502 and 1504.
In 1507, a German cartographer, Martin Waldseemüller, made a new map that included the new world and decided to give the credit for this “discovery” (not a physical discovery) to Vespucci.
Since both Europe and Asia got their names from women (see our posts above 👆) Martin Waldseemüller chose the name of “America”, or the Land of Americus Vespuccius – the Latin form of Vespucci’s name.
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After Christopher Columbus sailed west in 1492 and reported his findings to Europe, other people took it upon themselves to find out about the land they’d been previously unaware of.
One of these people was the Italian merchant and navigator Amerigo Vespucci, who traveled to the “New World” in 1501 and realized that Columbus hadn’t made it to India, but in fact had gone to an entirely different continent.
Vespucci wrote about his travels and his books were published in 1502 and 1504.
In 1507, a German cartographer, Martin Waldseemüller, made a new map that included the new world and decided to give the credit for this “discovery” (not a physical discovery) to Vespucci.
Since both Europe and Asia got their names from women (see our posts above 👆) Martin Waldseemüller chose the name of “America”, or the Land of Americus Vespuccius – the Latin form of Vespucci’s name.
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Why Australia is not New Holland?
Terra Australis Incognita means “the unknown land in the south” in Latin, and rumours of the continent’s existence dated back to Ancient Roman times.
The first person from Europe to find a land that could possibly fit this denoscription was Dutch explorer Willem Janszoon, who went there in 1606. In 1644 the future continent was given its first name: New Holland, but the Netherlands didn’t attempt to lay any real claims to the land.
In the 1770s, British explorer James Cook sailed to the continent and decided to claim the entire east coast for England.
The British colonized the continent, and it was Matthew Flinders who pushed for the use of “Australia” from 1804.
Though “Australia” was used unofficially for several years, Governor Lachlan Macquarie petitioned for its official adoption in 1817.
It wasn’t until 1824 that the name was officially given to the continent.
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Terra Australis Incognita means “the unknown land in the south” in Latin, and rumours of the continent’s existence dated back to Ancient Roman times.
The first person from Europe to find a land that could possibly fit this denoscription was Dutch explorer Willem Janszoon, who went there in 1606. In 1644 the future continent was given its first name: New Holland, but the Netherlands didn’t attempt to lay any real claims to the land.
In the 1770s, British explorer James Cook sailed to the continent and decided to claim the entire east coast for England.
The British colonized the continent, and it was Matthew Flinders who pushed for the use of “Australia” from 1804.
Though “Australia” was used unofficially for several years, Governor Lachlan Macquarie petitioned for its official adoption in 1817.
It wasn’t until 1824 that the name was officially given to the continent.
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Why Antarctica has its name?
By the beginning of the 19th century the search for a southern continent had been going on for several centuries.
In 1820 — a few years after Australia became Australia — an expedition from Russia spotted mainland Antarctica for the very first time.
Looking at maps throughout the 19th century, you can find a few different names for the southern continent, including “Ultima” and “Antipodea.”
John George Bartholomew, a Scottish cartographer, is believed to be the first person to use “Antartica” to refer to the continent.
The name was taken from the existing word “antarctic” or “antarctique” in French, as the French held a colony in Brazil below the equator which they named France Antartique.
Antarctica comes from the Greek word “antarktike,” which literally means “opposite to the north”, this last discovered continent being home to the southernmost point on Earth.
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By the beginning of the 19th century the search for a southern continent had been going on for several centuries.
In 1820 — a few years after Australia became Australia — an expedition from Russia spotted mainland Antarctica for the very first time.
Looking at maps throughout the 19th century, you can find a few different names for the southern continent, including “Ultima” and “Antipodea.”
John George Bartholomew, a Scottish cartographer, is believed to be the first person to use “Antartica” to refer to the continent.
The name was taken from the existing word “antarctic” or “antarctique” in French, as the French held a colony in Brazil below the equator which they named France Antartique.
Antarctica comes from the Greek word “antarktike,” which literally means “opposite to the north”, this last discovered continent being home to the southernmost point on Earth.
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How many continents in the world?
In fact, the answer to this question is unequivocal, and there are 5️⃣ popular models.
7 continents: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia/Oceania, Europe, North America, South America. Most popularly accepted model, commonly taught in English-speaking countries, China, India, and Pakistan.
6 continents version 1 (Asia and Europe united): Africa, Antarctica, Australia/Oceania, Eurasia, North America, South America. The model is most commonly taught in Western Europe.
6 continents version 2 (one big America): Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia/Oceania, Europe, America. This model is popular in Eastern Europe and Japan.
5 continents: Africa, America, Asia, Europe, Pacific. Antarctica is omitted due to its lack of permanent habitation. This model is used by international organizations.
4 continents: Afro-Eurasia (Old World), America (New World), Australia/Oceania and Antarctica. The idea here is that all continents are landmasses divided by ocean.
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In fact, the answer to this question is unequivocal, and there are 5️⃣ popular models.
7 continents: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia/Oceania, Europe, North America, South America. Most popularly accepted model, commonly taught in English-speaking countries, China, India, and Pakistan.
6 continents version 1 (Asia and Europe united): Africa, Antarctica, Australia/Oceania, Eurasia, North America, South America. The model is most commonly taught in Western Europe.
6 continents version 2 (one big America): Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia/Oceania, Europe, America. This model is popular in Eastern Europe and Japan.
5 continents: Africa, America, Asia, Europe, Pacific. Antarctica is omitted due to its lack of permanent habitation. This model is used by international organizations.
4 continents: Afro-Eurasia (Old World), America (New World), Australia/Oceania and Antarctica. The idea here is that all continents are landmasses divided by ocean.
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Why are we celebrating the International Women’s Day on the 8th of March?
In 1917, on Sunday February 23 (according to the Julian calendar then in use in Russia), women began a strike for "bread and peace" in response to the death of over 2 million Russian soldiers in World War 1.
After the Russian revolution that took place the same year, the country adopted the Gregorian calendar, in which the 23rd of February corresponded to the 8th of March.
It was also in 1917 that communist government headed by Vladimir Lenin made this day an official holyday.
Remained predominantly a communist holiday till the late 1960s, in 1965 the 8th of March became also a non-working day in the Soviet Union.
International Women's Day was first officially recognised by the United Nations in 1977.
It has since been commemorated annually by the UN and much of the world, with each year's observance dedicated to a particular theme or issue in women's rights.
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In 1917, on Sunday February 23 (according to the Julian calendar then in use in Russia), women began a strike for "bread and peace" in response to the death of over 2 million Russian soldiers in World War 1.
After the Russian revolution that took place the same year, the country adopted the Gregorian calendar, in which the 23rd of February corresponded to the 8th of March.
It was also in 1917 that communist government headed by Vladimir Lenin made this day an official holyday.
Remained predominantly a communist holiday till the late 1960s, in 1965 the 8th of March became also a non-working day in the Soviet Union.
International Women's Day was first officially recognised by the United Nations in 1977.
It has since been commemorated annually by the UN and much of the world, with each year's observance dedicated to a particular theme or issue in women's rights.
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Can pretty face play some biological role?
The answer to this question could be found by a group of scientists who researched the correlation between attractiveness and health of a person.
During the experiments 159 photos of real people were shown to almost 500 volunteers who had to choose most attractive faces.
At the same time, the people in the pictures underwent different medical examinations.
As a result, researchers discovered that people whose faces were described as more attractive had on average a better immune system than others did.
This study suggests that attractiveness can have a biological role, signaling the health of the body and the "quality" of heredity.
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The answer to this question could be found by a group of scientists who researched the correlation between attractiveness and health of a person.
During the experiments 159 photos of real people were shown to almost 500 volunteers who had to choose most attractive faces.
At the same time, the people in the pictures underwent different medical examinations.
As a result, researchers discovered that people whose faces were described as more attractive had on average a better immune system than others did.
This study suggests that attractiveness can have a biological role, signaling the health of the body and the "quality" of heredity.
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What is a blood group?
Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in a liquid called plasma.
Proteins found in plasma are called Antibodies and they are part of human body's natural defences. They recognise foreign substances, such as germs, and alert your immune system, which destroys them.
On the surface of red blood cells, there are protein molecules called Antigens.
A blood group (or blood type) is identified by the presence and absence of concrete antibodies and antigens in the blood and is determined by the genes inherited from both parents of an individual.
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Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in a liquid called plasma.
Proteins found in plasma are called Antibodies and they are part of human body's natural defences. They recognise foreign substances, such as germs, and alert your immune system, which destroys them.
On the surface of red blood cells, there are protein molecules called Antigens.
A blood group (or blood type) is identified by the presence and absence of concrete antibodies and antigens in the blood and is determined by the genes inherited from both parents of an individual.
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What are the main blood groups?
The main blood groups are classified with ABO and Rh systems.
ABO blood groups are governed by a single gene in 3 varieties: A, B and O. People with AB blood inherit an A gene from one parent and a B gene from the other.
Red blood cells sometimes have an antigen – RhD, which if present, makes a blood group RhD positive and if absent – RhD negative. Most people are RhD positive.
So, 8 main blood groups are:
• A+ (RhD positive) has A and RhD antigens on the red blood cells with anti-B antibodies in the plasma
• A- (RhD negative) has A antigens on the red blood cells with anti-B antibodies in the plasma
• B+ has B and RhD antigens with anti-A antibodies
• B- has B antigens with anti-A antibodies
• O+ has no A and B antigens, but has RhD antigen and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
• O- has no antigens, but both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
• AB+ has A, B and RhD antigens, but no antibodies
• AB- has A and B antigens, but no antibodies
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The main blood groups are classified with ABO and Rh systems.
ABO blood groups are governed by a single gene in 3 varieties: A, B and O. People with AB blood inherit an A gene from one parent and a B gene from the other.
Red blood cells sometimes have an antigen – RhD, which if present, makes a blood group RhD positive and if absent – RhD negative. Most people are RhD positive.
So, 8 main blood groups are:
• A+ (RhD positive) has A and RhD antigens on the red blood cells with anti-B antibodies in the plasma
• A- (RhD negative) has A antigens on the red blood cells with anti-B antibodies in the plasma
• B+ has B and RhD antigens with anti-A antibodies
• B- has B antigens with anti-A antibodies
• O+ has no A and B antigens, but has RhD antigen and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
• O- has no antigens, but both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
• AB+ has A, B and RhD antigens, but no antibodies
• AB- has A and B antigens, but no antibodies
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Who developed the ABO blood group system?
In 1900, Karl Landsteiner at the University of Vienna, through a series of experiments discovered why some blood transfusions were successful while others proved to be deadly.
By mixing red cells and serum of each of his staff, he demonstrated that the serum of some people agglutinated the red cells of others.
As a result, Landsteiner identified three types, called A, B and C (C was later re-named to O for the German “Ohne”, meaning “without”, or “Zero”, “null” in English). The fourth less frequent blood group AB, was discovered a year later.
For his discovery, which is known as ABO blood group system, in 1930, Landsteiner received the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine.
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In 1900, Karl Landsteiner at the University of Vienna, through a series of experiments discovered why some blood transfusions were successful while others proved to be deadly.
By mixing red cells and serum of each of his staff, he demonstrated that the serum of some people agglutinated the red cells of others.
As a result, Landsteiner identified three types, called A, B and C (C was later re-named to O for the German “Ohne”, meaning “without”, or “Zero”, “null” in English). The fourth less frequent blood group AB, was discovered a year later.
For his discovery, which is known as ABO blood group system, in 1930, Landsteiner received the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine.
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Why is blood group important for blood transfusion?
If you have a blood transfusion, it is vital that the blood you receive is well matched (compatible) with your own.
For example, if you receive blood from a person who is A positive and you are B positive then the anti-A antibodies in your plasma will attack the red blood cells (erythrocytes) of the donated blood. This causes the red cells of the donated blood to clump together. This can cause a serious or even fatal reaction in your body.
Therefore, before a blood transfusion is done, a donor bag of blood is selected with the same ABO and rhesus blood group as yourself.
Then, to make sure there is no incompatibility, a small sample of your blood is mixed with a small sample of the donor blood.
After a short time the mixed blood is looked at under a microscope to see if there has been any clumping of blood. If there is no clumping, then it is safe to transfuse the blood.
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If you have a blood transfusion, it is vital that the blood you receive is well matched (compatible) with your own.
For example, if you receive blood from a person who is A positive and you are B positive then the anti-A antibodies in your plasma will attack the red blood cells (erythrocytes) of the donated blood. This causes the red cells of the donated blood to clump together. This can cause a serious or even fatal reaction in your body.
Therefore, before a blood transfusion is done, a donor bag of blood is selected with the same ABO and rhesus blood group as yourself.
Then, to make sure there is no incompatibility, a small sample of your blood is mixed with a small sample of the donor blood.
After a short time the mixed blood is looked at under a microscope to see if there has been any clumping of blood. If there is no clumping, then it is safe to transfuse the blood.
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Who invented the first submarines?
Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance, sketched a primitive submarine around 1515.
The first design for a submersible craft was drafted in 1578 by William Bourne, an English mathematician and former Royal Navy gunner.
In 1620, the first successful submarine was commissioned by the English Royal Navy, built by a Dutch engineer and inventor Cornelius Drebbel and tested in the Thames River, where it completed a three-hour journey.
American inventor David Bushnell developed the first military submarine in 1775, during the American Revolution.
Early subs were usually propelled by hand-operated cranks, and their offensive strategies centered around covertly confronting a surface ship, attaching explosives to the enemy's hull and escaping before the explosion.
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Leonardo da Vinci, an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance, sketched a primitive submarine around 1515.
The first design for a submersible craft was drafted in 1578 by William Bourne, an English mathematician and former Royal Navy gunner.
In 1620, the first successful submarine was commissioned by the English Royal Navy, built by a Dutch engineer and inventor Cornelius Drebbel and tested in the Thames River, where it completed a three-hour journey.
American inventor David Bushnell developed the first military submarine in 1775, during the American Revolution.
Early subs were usually propelled by hand-operated cranks, and their offensive strategies centered around covertly confronting a surface ship, attaching explosives to the enemy's hull and escaping before the explosion.
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What is the biggest submarine ever built and remaining in service?
A Russian nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine known as Dmitriy Donskoy, TK-208, is the world's largest submarine.
Measuring at 175 meters, nearly 600 feet, the submarine has been in commission since 1980, with a few periods of significant refurbishment in its history.
In addition to the submarine's impressive length, it's also 25 meters wide, giving it quite the presence in the water.
The displacement of the ship is 48,000 tons and it is operated by a crew of 160 men.
The TK-208 was the foremost submarine in the Russian named Akula-class submarine line (NATO calls it Typhoon).
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A Russian nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine known as Dmitriy Donskoy, TK-208, is the world's largest submarine.
Measuring at 175 meters, nearly 600 feet, the submarine has been in commission since 1980, with a few periods of significant refurbishment in its history.
In addition to the submarine's impressive length, it's also 25 meters wide, giving it quite the presence in the water.
The displacement of the ship is 48,000 tons and it is operated by a crew of 160 men.
The TK-208 was the foremost submarine in the Russian named Akula-class submarine line (NATO calls it Typhoon).
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What was the first sustained flight of an aircraft?
Although multiple experiments with heavier-than-air powered and controlled flights were already carried out in the 19th century, only at the beginning of the 20th century such a flight was made.
On December 17 1903 near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in the US, brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright marked the beginning of the pioneer era of aviation.
Their aircraft, the Wright Flyer, made then the first sustained flight for a distance of about 6 kilometers (4 miles).
The airplane was preserved and is now exhibited at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.
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Although multiple experiments with heavier-than-air powered and controlled flights were already carried out in the 19th century, only at the beginning of the 20th century such a flight was made.
On December 17 1903 near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in the US, brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright marked the beginning of the pioneer era of aviation.
Their aircraft, the Wright Flyer, made then the first sustained flight for a distance of about 6 kilometers (4 miles).
The airplane was preserved and is now exhibited at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.
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What were the first supersonic aircrafts?
Able to fly faster that the speed of sound (or Mach 1), supersonic aircrafts started being developed in the second half of the 20th century.
The first flight exceeding the speed of sound by a manned aircraft in controlled level flight was performed on October 14, 1947 by the experimental Bell X-1 research rocket plane.
The first fighter capable of supersonic speed in level flight was the North American F-100 Super Sabre, that first flew in 1953 and then served in the United States Air Force from 1954 to 1971.
The Soviet supersonic passenger airliner, the Tupolev Tu-144, performed its first flight in December 1968 and was in operation until 1999.
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Able to fly faster that the speed of sound (or Mach 1), supersonic aircrafts started being developed in the second half of the 20th century.
The first flight exceeding the speed of sound by a manned aircraft in controlled level flight was performed on October 14, 1947 by the experimental Bell X-1 research rocket plane.
The first fighter capable of supersonic speed in level flight was the North American F-100 Super Sabre, that first flew in 1953 and then served in the United States Air Force from 1954 to 1971.
The Soviet supersonic passenger airliner, the Tupolev Tu-144, performed its first flight in December 1968 and was in operation until 1999.
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What is the biggest passenger airliner in the world?
The Airbus A380-800 is the largest passenger aircraft ever made, able to carry up to 853 people in a single class and 644 people in a two-tiered class.
The wide-body plane made its maiden flight on April 27th, 2005, and has a maximum range of 8,208 miles (about 13,200 km) and a cruising height of 43,100 feet (about 13 km).
It has a wingspan of 261.8 feet (79.8 meters), a length of 239.5 feet (73 meters) and a maximum take-off weight of more than 1.2 million pounds (540,000 kg).
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The Airbus A380-800 is the largest passenger aircraft ever made, able to carry up to 853 people in a single class and 644 people in a two-tiered class.
The wide-body plane made its maiden flight on April 27th, 2005, and has a maximum range of 8,208 miles (about 13,200 km) and a cruising height of 43,100 feet (about 13 km).
It has a wingspan of 261.8 feet (79.8 meters), a length of 239.5 feet (73 meters) and a maximum take-off weight of more than 1.2 million pounds (540,000 kg).
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