How was the modern toothbrush developed?
🪥What we now know as the modern toothbrush, was invented in England by William Addis in 1780. He attached pig bristles to a specially carved handle made from cow bone. Addis’s design was developed further in 1844 when the first three-row brush was developed.
🪥🪥🪥Mass production of toothbrushes began in many countries at the end of the nineteenth century.
While these toothbrushes in the 1800s were of course better than, say a cloth, they still had much to be desired.
Hence, the evolution of the toothbrush bristles and handles began.
🪥First, in 1927 the first plastic-handled toothbrush was invented.
🪥Then, in 1938, Nylon was invented by the DuPont Company and the manual toothbrushes we know today were created.
🪥By the 1950’s toothbrushes had much softer bristles that were much preferred by consumers and were more hygienic.
🪥In the 1960s the first electric toothbrushes appeared on the market.
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🪥What we now know as the modern toothbrush, was invented in England by William Addis in 1780. He attached pig bristles to a specially carved handle made from cow bone. Addis’s design was developed further in 1844 when the first three-row brush was developed.
🪥🪥🪥Mass production of toothbrushes began in many countries at the end of the nineteenth century.
While these toothbrushes in the 1800s were of course better than, say a cloth, they still had much to be desired.
Hence, the evolution of the toothbrush bristles and handles began.
🪥First, in 1927 the first plastic-handled toothbrush was invented.
🪥Then, in 1938, Nylon was invented by the DuPont Company and the manual toothbrushes we know today were created.
🪥By the 1950’s toothbrushes had much softer bristles that were much preferred by consumers and were more hygienic.
🪥In the 1960s the first electric toothbrushes appeared on the market.
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What were the first toothpastes?
🦷Egyptians used a paste to clean their teeth around 5000 B.C., even before toothbrushes were invented!
🦷Ancient Greeks and Romans, and people in China and India used toothpaste around 500 B.C.
🦷Ancient toothpaste was used to whiten teeth, freshen breath, and clean teeth and gums as we use it today. However, the materials were more abrasive and not as hygienic. They included grounded-up ox hooves' ashes, burnt eggshells, and pumice.
🦷Egyptians crushed rock salt, mint, dried iris flowers and pepper and mixed them together to create a cleaning powder. Although this concoction is known to create bleeding gums, research suggests it is the most effective compared to most toothpastes used as recently as a century ago.
🦷Ancient China used a wide variety of toothpaste ingredients over time, such as ginseng, herbal mints, and salt.
🦷Ancient Greeks and Romans' toothpaste ingredients included crushed bones, oyster shells, charcoal, and tree bark.
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🦷Egyptians used a paste to clean their teeth around 5000 B.C., even before toothbrushes were invented!
🦷Ancient Greeks and Romans, and people in China and India used toothpaste around 500 B.C.
🦷Ancient toothpaste was used to whiten teeth, freshen breath, and clean teeth and gums as we use it today. However, the materials were more abrasive and not as hygienic. They included grounded-up ox hooves' ashes, burnt eggshells, and pumice.
🦷Egyptians crushed rock salt, mint, dried iris flowers and pepper and mixed them together to create a cleaning powder. Although this concoction is known to create bleeding gums, research suggests it is the most effective compared to most toothpastes used as recently as a century ago.
🦷Ancient China used a wide variety of toothpaste ingredients over time, such as ginseng, herbal mints, and salt.
🦷Ancient Greeks and Romans' toothpaste ingredients included crushed bones, oyster shells, charcoal, and tree bark.
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When were modern toothpastes invented?
📌 The development of toothpaste as we know it now began in the 1800s. First, it was powder often containing soap or chalk and betel nut. Later in the 1860s, some homemade toothpastes used ground charcoal, similar to ancient Greek versions.
📌 Manufacturers created fluoride toothpaste to help prevent cavities in 1914.
📌 After 1945 soap was replaced by manufacturers with other ingredients to make it a smoother paste with ingredients found in present-day toothpaste.
📌 In the later 20th century, modern toothpaste was developed to prevent or treat specific diseases and conditions such as 🦷 sensitivity.
📌 When it was found that abrasive toothpaste could wear away or damage enamel, toothpastes with very low abrasiveness were also developed.
📌 Toothpaste today is stored in tubes and typically contains fluoride, coloring, flavoring, sweetener, and ingredients that make the toothpaste smooth, foamy and keep it moist.
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📌 The development of toothpaste as we know it now began in the 1800s. First, it was powder often containing soap or chalk and betel nut. Later in the 1860s, some homemade toothpastes used ground charcoal, similar to ancient Greek versions.
📌 Manufacturers created fluoride toothpaste to help prevent cavities in 1914.
📌 After 1945 soap was replaced by manufacturers with other ingredients to make it a smoother paste with ingredients found in present-day toothpaste.
📌 In the later 20th century, modern toothpaste was developed to prevent or treat specific diseases and conditions such as 🦷 sensitivity.
📌 When it was found that abrasive toothpaste could wear away or damage enamel, toothpastes with very low abrasiveness were also developed.
📌 Toothpaste today is stored in tubes and typically contains fluoride, coloring, flavoring, sweetener, and ingredients that make the toothpaste smooth, foamy and keep it moist.
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What do we know about the history of toilet paper?
✔️ In very ancient times, wiping with stones, seashells, animal furs and other natural materials and rinsing with water or snow was common.
✔️ For toilet purposes Romans used sponges on sticks, known as tersoriums, but these tools may have been used more like toilet brushes than toilet paper.
✔️ As paper was invented in the 2nd century BC by Chinese, it’s not surprising that the first use of toilet paper was also recorded in the Middle Kingdom. In the 6th century AD toilet paper was already widely used in China. There is evidence that by the early 14th century, the Chinese were manufacturing toilet paper at the rate of 10 million packages of 1,000 to 10,000 sheets annually. In the 1390s, thousands of perfumed paper sheets were also produced for the Hongwu Emperor’s imperial family. That was almost the 🧻 as we have come to think of it.
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✔️ In very ancient times, wiping with stones, seashells, animal furs and other natural materials and rinsing with water or snow was common.
✔️ For toilet purposes Romans used sponges on sticks, known as tersoriums, but these tools may have been used more like toilet brushes than toilet paper.
✔️ As paper was invented in the 2nd century BC by Chinese, it’s not surprising that the first use of toilet paper was also recorded in the Middle Kingdom. In the 6th century AD toilet paper was already widely used in China. There is evidence that by the early 14th century, the Chinese were manufacturing toilet paper at the rate of 10 million packages of 1,000 to 10,000 sheets annually. In the 1390s, thousands of perfumed paper sheets were also produced for the Hongwu Emperor’s imperial family. That was almost the 🧻 as we have come to think of it.
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What is the history of modern commercial toilet paper?
❗️🧻In 1857 an American Joseph Gayetty ⬆️ creates the first commercial toilet paper. His "Gayetty's Medicated Paper" comes in pre-moistened flat sheets medicated with aloe. It didn't become popular immediately, however, since the public was accustomed to using materials they got for free rather than paying for them.
🧻In the 1880s the first rolled, perforated toilet paper was commercialized, but it used production techniques that would often leave splinters in it!
🧻Only after 1935 "splinter-free" toilet paper comes to the market.
🧻In the 1940s toilet paper becomes softer, companies begin selling the first two-ply toilet paper.
🧻In the second half of the 20th century manufacturers create different soft variations of toilet paper.
🧻Today toilet paper with multiple layers is the standard in many countries.
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❗️🧻In 1857 an American Joseph Gayetty ⬆️ creates the first commercial toilet paper. His "Gayetty's Medicated Paper" comes in pre-moistened flat sheets medicated with aloe. It didn't become popular immediately, however, since the public was accustomed to using materials they got for free rather than paying for them.
🧻In the 1880s the first rolled, perforated toilet paper was commercialized, but it used production techniques that would often leave splinters in it!
🧻Only after 1935 "splinter-free" toilet paper comes to the market.
🧻In the 1940s toilet paper becomes softer, companies begin selling the first two-ply toilet paper.
🧻In the second half of the 20th century manufacturers create different soft variations of toilet paper.
🧻Today toilet paper with multiple layers is the standard in many countries.
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How to train children’s immunity and what is the hygiene hypothesis?
In the 20th century, with better hygiene and cleaning products people got able to reduce the spread of multiple infections and diseases.
However, the desire to keep children in very clean environments did not lead to the disappearance of allergies, fevers and asthma, rather the opposite.
In the late 1980s a British epidemiologist David P. Strachan found that children in larger households had fewer instances of hay fever because they are exposed to germs by older siblings.
That was called the hygiene hypothesis.
The idea is similar to the training of athletes. The more you train your body, the more physical stress you are able to withstand. The same is thought to be true for the immune system that should “train” by fighting off contaminants found in everyday life.
So, along with implementing all good hygiene practices it is also recommended to let children play outside, even if they may get dirty.
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In the 20th century, with better hygiene and cleaning products people got able to reduce the spread of multiple infections and diseases.
However, the desire to keep children in very clean environments did not lead to the disappearance of allergies, fevers and asthma, rather the opposite.
In the late 1980s a British epidemiologist David P. Strachan found that children in larger households had fewer instances of hay fever because they are exposed to germs by older siblings.
That was called the hygiene hypothesis.
The idea is similar to the training of athletes. The more you train your body, the more physical stress you are able to withstand. The same is thought to be true for the immune system that should “train” by fighting off contaminants found in everyday life.
So, along with implementing all good hygiene practices it is also recommended to let children play outside, even if they may get dirty.
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Why the first ballpoint pen didn’t write on paper?
🖊 The first patent for a ballpoint pen was obtained in 1888 by John J. Loud (1844-1916)⬆️, inventor, lawyer and...a leather tanner.
While tanning leather, he often needed to mark a point to cut. A pencil would be too faint and using a fountain pen made this process quite messy.
Looking for an alternative, he designed a writing tool that had a small rotating metal ball clutched in a socket.
This mechanism allowed the ball to cycle ink from the reservoir inside the pen to the surface as the ball spun around in its socket.
The inventor described this writing instrument as ‘an improved reservoir or fountain pen, especially useful, among other purposes, for marking on rough surfaces…where an ordinary pen could not be used.’
Loud’s first ballpoint pen was great when used on leather, but it was too rough on paper.
🖊⚔️🖋 That’s why this invention could not replace fountain pens at the end of the 19th century.
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🖊 The first patent for a ballpoint pen was obtained in 1888 by John J. Loud (1844-1916)⬆️, inventor, lawyer and...a leather tanner.
While tanning leather, he often needed to mark a point to cut. A pencil would be too faint and using a fountain pen made this process quite messy.
Looking for an alternative, he designed a writing tool that had a small rotating metal ball clutched in a socket.
This mechanism allowed the ball to cycle ink from the reservoir inside the pen to the surface as the ball spun around in its socket.
The inventor described this writing instrument as ‘an improved reservoir or fountain pen, especially useful, among other purposes, for marking on rough surfaces…where an ordinary pen could not be used.’
Loud’s first ballpoint pen was great when used on leather, but it was too rough on paper.
🖊⚔️🖋 That’s why this invention could not replace fountain pens at the end of the 19th century.
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What is another name for a ballpoint of a pen and why?
In many English-speaking countries another name for a 🖊 is “biro” after László Bíró (1899-1985)⬆️.
Mr.Bíró was a Jewish newspaper man and journalist, born in Hungary 🇭🇺.
Frustrated with the writing tools of their day, together with his brother György, László developed the concept of a ballpoint pen and in 1938 patented what is considered the modern 🖊 ⬆️.
The key element of Bíró’s invention was a special ink made with a paste instead of water that made the ballpoint possible.
So, the Biro Pen is the modern ballpoint pen.
After moving to Argentina 🇦🇷 in 1941, the Bíró Brothers launched the Bíró Pens of Argentina factory along with their new business partner, Juan Jorge Meyne. Biro Pens named the ballpoint pens Bíróme (a merger of the names Bíró and Meyne). To this day, pens in Argentina are still referred to as Bírómes⬆️.
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In many English-speaking countries another name for a 🖊 is “biro” after László Bíró (1899-1985)⬆️.
Mr.Bíró was a Jewish newspaper man and journalist, born in Hungary 🇭🇺.
Frustrated with the writing tools of their day, together with his brother György, László developed the concept of a ballpoint pen and in 1938 patented what is considered the modern 🖊 ⬆️.
The key element of Bíró’s invention was a special ink made with a paste instead of water that made the ballpoint possible.
So, the Biro Pen is the modern ballpoint pen.
After moving to Argentina 🇦🇷 in 1941, the Bíró Brothers launched the Bíró Pens of Argentina factory along with their new business partner, Juan Jorge Meyne. Biro Pens named the ballpoint pens Bíróme (a merger of the names Bíró and Meyne). To this day, pens in Argentina are still referred to as Bírómes⬆️.
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What is the most popular ballpoint pen in the world?
With the Biro Pen Laszlo Biro had never achieved mass market success, but the designs of his invention were licensed by a French manufacturer Marcel Bich (1914-1994) ⬆️ for two million dollars.
Bich invested in leading design and technologies of the time and presented his ballpoint pen in 1950.
In 1953 his Bic Company began to sell a plastic, cheap to manufacture, and incredibly usable writing instrument.
It was the Bic Cristal that achieved unsurmounted commercial success.
❗️Since it went into production in the 1950s, over 100 billion Bic Cristals have been sold, more than any other writing instrument in history.
After eighty years, the design of the most popular pen in the world remains mostly unchanged.
ℹ️ The Museum of Modern Art in New York City recognized the Bic Cristal's industrial design by introducing it into the museum's permanent collection ⬆️.
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With the Biro Pen Laszlo Biro had never achieved mass market success, but the designs of his invention were licensed by a French manufacturer Marcel Bich (1914-1994) ⬆️ for two million dollars.
Bich invested in leading design and technologies of the time and presented his ballpoint pen in 1950.
In 1953 his Bic Company began to sell a plastic, cheap to manufacture, and incredibly usable writing instrument.
It was the Bic Cristal that achieved unsurmounted commercial success.
❗️Since it went into production in the 1950s, over 100 billion Bic Cristals have been sold, more than any other writing instrument in history.
After eighty years, the design of the most popular pen in the world remains mostly unchanged.
ℹ️ The Museum of Modern Art in New York City recognized the Bic Cristal's industrial design by introducing it into the museum's permanent collection ⬆️.
Subscribe- t.me/askmenow
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What are some amazing facts about pens?
📌 The viscous ink of a ballpoint pen is made of a paste containing about 25-40 percent dye that is suspended in oil. Thanks to this formula, developed and improved by all “fathers” of ballpoint pens, ink doesn’t leak or clog. It is one of important elements of commercial success of this type of writing instruments.
📌 Before an average ballpoint pen runs out of ink, it can write 45,000 words.
📌 The world's biggest ballpoint pen was designed by Acharya Makunuri Srinivasa from India in 2011. The pen weighs 37 kilograms and is 5.5 meters high. This pen ⬆️ is fully functional and holds the Guinness world record.
📌 The world’s smallest pen is the 'Nanofountain Probe’ ⬆️. Scientists normally use it for nanoscale on-chip patterning. The lines produced by this device are only 40 nanometers wide. It carries its own ink reservoir.
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📌 The viscous ink of a ballpoint pen is made of a paste containing about 25-40 percent dye that is suspended in oil. Thanks to this formula, developed and improved by all “fathers” of ballpoint pens, ink doesn’t leak or clog. It is one of important elements of commercial success of this type of writing instruments.
📌 Before an average ballpoint pen runs out of ink, it can write 45,000 words.
📌 The world's biggest ballpoint pen was designed by Acharya Makunuri Srinivasa from India in 2011. The pen weighs 37 kilograms and is 5.5 meters high. This pen ⬆️ is fully functional and holds the Guinness world record.
📌 The world’s smallest pen is the 'Nanofountain Probe’ ⬆️. Scientists normally use it for nanoscale on-chip patterning. The lines produced by this device are only 40 nanometers wide. It carries its own ink reservoir.
Subscribe- t.me/askmenow
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