Plant communication processes are sign-mediated interactions which each obey three levels of semiotic rules (syntactic, pragmatic, semantic).

From Gunther Witzany's Plant Communication

In evolutionary biology, it is often natural to assume that the geographic locations of the individuals observed bring some information about their ancestry. This is the rational of various models for geo-referenced genetic data.[10][17]
Variations on LDA have been used to automatically put natural images into categories, such as "bedroom" or "forest", by treating an image as a document, and small patches of the image as words;[18] one of the variations is called spatial latent Dirichlet allocation.[19]

This range formed over 300 million years ago during the Paleozoic Era when the supercontinent Pangaea was assembled. These mountains are now separated by vast distances due to the drifting of tectonic plates over millions of years.

The symbiotic origin of the eukaryotic cell

Does life (for the living) differ from that of the non-living? If so, how? And how, in that case, does biology as the study of living things differ from other sciences? These questions are examined through an exploration of episodes in the history of biology and philosophy.

#Grene
#Philosophy
#Biology

👤 Marjorie Grene (thank god not Taylor), David Depew

⬛️ The Philosophy of Biology: An Episodic History

📎 https://news.1rj.ru/str/philosophynomos

Oceans have learned how to eat plastic: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969724029668

Language of fungi derived from their electrical spiking activity

Abstract:

Fungi exhibit oscillations of extracellular electrical potential recorded via differential electrodes inserted into a substrate colonized by mycelium or directly into sporocarps. We analysed electrical activity of ghost fungi (Omphalotus nidiformis), Enoki fungi (Flammulina velutipes), split gill fungi (Schizophyllum commune) and caterpillar fungi (Cordyceps militaris). The spiking characteristics are species specific: a spike duration varies from 1 to 21 h and an amplitude from 0.03 to 2.1 mV. We found that spikes are often clustered into trains. Assuming that spikes of electrical activity are used by fungi to communicate and process information in mycelium networks, we group spikes into words and provide a linguistic and information complexity analysis of the fungal spiking activity. We demonstrate that distributions of fungal word lengths match that of human languages. We also construct algorithmic and Liz-Zempel complexity hierarchies of fungal sentences and show that species S. commune generate the most complex sentences.

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211926

The nature of the last universal common ancestor and its impact on the early Earth system.pdf