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❤2
Goldman Sachs senior data analyst interview asked questions
SQL
1 find avg of salaries department wise from table
2 Write a SQL query to see employee name and manager name using a self-join on 'employees' table with columns 'emp_id', 'name', and 'manager_id'.
3 newest joinee for every department (solved using lead lag)
POWER BI
1. What does Filter context in DAX mean?
2. Explain how to implement Row-Level Security (RLS) in Power BI.
3. Describe different types of filters in Power BI.
4. Explain the difference between 'ALL' and 'ALLSELECTED' in DAX.
5. How do you calculate the total sales for a specific product using DAX?
PYTHON
1. Create a dictionary, add elements to it, modify an element, and then print the dictionary in alphabetical order of keys.
2. Find unique values in a list of assorted numbers and print the count of how many times each value is repeated.
3. Find and print duplicate values in a list of assorted numbers, along with the number of times each value is repeated.
Hope this helps you 😊
SQL
1 find avg of salaries department wise from table
2 Write a SQL query to see employee name and manager name using a self-join on 'employees' table with columns 'emp_id', 'name', and 'manager_id'.
3 newest joinee for every department (solved using lead lag)
POWER BI
1. What does Filter context in DAX mean?
2. Explain how to implement Row-Level Security (RLS) in Power BI.
3. Describe different types of filters in Power BI.
4. Explain the difference between 'ALL' and 'ALLSELECTED' in DAX.
5. How do you calculate the total sales for a specific product using DAX?
PYTHON
1. Create a dictionary, add elements to it, modify an element, and then print the dictionary in alphabetical order of keys.
2. Find unique values in a list of assorted numbers and print the count of how many times each value is repeated.
3. Find and print duplicate values in a list of assorted numbers, along with the number of times each value is repeated.
Hope this helps you 😊
❤5
For a data analytics interview, focusing on key SQL topics can be crucial. Here's a list of last-minute SQL topics to revise:
1. SQL Basics:
• SELECT statements: Syntax, SELECT DISTINCT
• WHERE clause: Conditions and operators (>, <, =, LIKE, IN, BETWEEN)
• ORDER BY clause: Sorting results
• LIMIT clause: Limiting the number of rows returned
2. Joins:
• INNER JOIN
• LEFT (OUTER) JOIN
• RIGHT (OUTER) JOIN
• FULL (OUTER) JOIN
• CROSS JOIN
• Understanding join conditions and scenarios for each type of join
3. Aggregation and Grouping:
• GROUP BY clause
• HAVING clause: Filtering grouped results
• Aggregate functions: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX
4. Subqueries:
• Nested subqueries: Using subqueries in SELECT, FROM, WHERE, and HAVING clauses
• Correlated subqueries
5. Common Table Expressions (CTEs):
• Syntax and use cases for CTEs (WITH clause)
6. Window Functions:
• ROW_NUMBER()
• RANK()
• DENSE_RANK()
• LEAD() and LAG()
• PARTITION BY clause
7. Data Manipulation:
• INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements
• Understanding transaction control with COMMIT and ROLLBACK
8. Data Definition:
• CREATE TABLE
• ALTER TABLE
• DROP TABLE
• Constraints: PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE, NOT NULL
9. Indexing:
• Purpose and types of indexes
• How indexing affects query performance
10. Performance Optimization:
• Understanding query execution plans
• Identifying and resolving common performance issues
11. SQL Functions:
• String functions: CONCAT, SUBSTRING, LENGTH
• Date functions: DATEADD, DATEDIFF, GETDATE
• Mathematical functions: ROUND, CEILING, FLOOR
12. Stored Procedures and Triggers:
• Basics of writing and using stored procedures
• Basics of writing and using triggers
13. ETL (Extract, Transform, Load):
• Understanding the process and SQL's role in ETL operations
14. Advanced Topics (if time permits):
• Understanding complex data types (JSON, XML)
• Working with large datasets and big data considerations
Hope it helps :)
1. SQL Basics:
• SELECT statements: Syntax, SELECT DISTINCT
• WHERE clause: Conditions and operators (>, <, =, LIKE, IN, BETWEEN)
• ORDER BY clause: Sorting results
• LIMIT clause: Limiting the number of rows returned
2. Joins:
• INNER JOIN
• LEFT (OUTER) JOIN
• RIGHT (OUTER) JOIN
• FULL (OUTER) JOIN
• CROSS JOIN
• Understanding join conditions and scenarios for each type of join
3. Aggregation and Grouping:
• GROUP BY clause
• HAVING clause: Filtering grouped results
• Aggregate functions: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX
4. Subqueries:
• Nested subqueries: Using subqueries in SELECT, FROM, WHERE, and HAVING clauses
• Correlated subqueries
5. Common Table Expressions (CTEs):
• Syntax and use cases for CTEs (WITH clause)
6. Window Functions:
• ROW_NUMBER()
• RANK()
• DENSE_RANK()
• LEAD() and LAG()
• PARTITION BY clause
7. Data Manipulation:
• INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements
• Understanding transaction control with COMMIT and ROLLBACK
8. Data Definition:
• CREATE TABLE
• ALTER TABLE
• DROP TABLE
• Constraints: PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE, NOT NULL
9. Indexing:
• Purpose and types of indexes
• How indexing affects query performance
10. Performance Optimization:
• Understanding query execution plans
• Identifying and resolving common performance issues
11. SQL Functions:
• String functions: CONCAT, SUBSTRING, LENGTH
• Date functions: DATEADD, DATEDIFF, GETDATE
• Mathematical functions: ROUND, CEILING, FLOOR
12. Stored Procedures and Triggers:
• Basics of writing and using stored procedures
• Basics of writing and using triggers
13. ETL (Extract, Transform, Load):
• Understanding the process and SQL's role in ETL operations
14. Advanced Topics (if time permits):
• Understanding complex data types (JSON, XML)
• Working with large datasets and big data considerations
Hope it helps :)
❤5
Top 9 Http Methods-
GET 🧐 - Retrieve data from a resource.
HEAD 🎧 - Retrieve the headers of a resource.
POST 📮 - Submit data to a resource.
PUT 📥 - Update an existing resource or create a new resource.
DELETE 🗑️ - Remove a resource.
CONNECT 🔗 - Establish a network connection for a resource.
OPTIONS ⚙️ - Describe communication options for the target resource.
TRACE 🕵️♂️ - Retrieve a diagnostic trace of the request.
PATCH 🩹 - Apply a partial update to a resource.
GET 🧐 - Retrieve data from a resource.
HEAD 🎧 - Retrieve the headers of a resource.
POST 📮 - Submit data to a resource.
PUT 📥 - Update an existing resource or create a new resource.
DELETE 🗑️ - Remove a resource.
CONNECT 🔗 - Establish a network connection for a resource.
OPTIONS ⚙️ - Describe communication options for the target resource.
TRACE 🕵️♂️ - Retrieve a diagnostic trace of the request.
PATCH 🩹 - Apply a partial update to a resource.
❤1
How to become a Pro Web Developer? ⚡
Step 1: Learn HTML & CSS
Step 2: Build projects
Step 3: Learn Git
Step 4: Learn CSS Frameworks
Step 5: Build projects
Step 6: Learn JavaScript
Step 7: Build projects
Step 8: Learn frontend framework
Step 9: Build projects
Step 10: Build some more projects
Step 10: Learn NodeJS, APIs and Databases
Step 11: Build projects
Web Development Best Resources: https://topmate.io/coding/930165
Join for more: https://news.1rj.ru/str/webdevcoursefree
Spend more time building projects
Good luck 🤞
Step 1: Learn HTML & CSS
Step 2: Build projects
Step 3: Learn Git
Step 4: Learn CSS Frameworks
Step 5: Build projects
Step 6: Learn JavaScript
Step 7: Build projects
Step 8: Learn frontend framework
Step 9: Build projects
Step 10: Build some more projects
Step 10: Learn NodeJS, APIs and Databases
Step 11: Build projects
Web Development Best Resources: https://topmate.io/coding/930165
Join for more: https://news.1rj.ru/str/webdevcoursefree
Spend more time building projects
Good luck 🤞
❤4
The most popular programming languages:
1. Python
2. TypeScript
3. JavaScript
4. C#
5. HTML
6. Rust
7. C++
8. C
9. Go
10. Lua
11. Kotlin
12. Java
13. Swift
14. Jupyter Notebook
15. Shell
16. CSS
17. GDScript
18. Solidity
19. Vue
20. PHP
21. Dart
22. Ruby
23. Objective-C
24. PowerShell
25. Scala
According to the Latest GitHub Repositories
1. Python
2. TypeScript
3. JavaScript
4. C#
5. HTML
6. Rust
7. C++
8. C
9. Go
10. Lua
11. Kotlin
12. Java
13. Swift
14. Jupyter Notebook
15. Shell
16. CSS
17. GDScript
18. Solidity
19. Vue
20. PHP
21. Dart
22. Ruby
23. Objective-C
24. PowerShell
25. Scala
According to the Latest GitHub Repositories
❤2
Top 10 CSS Interview Questions
1. What is CSS and what are its key features?
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML. Its key features include controlling layout, styling text, setting colors, spacing, and more, allowing for a separation of content and design for better maintainability and flexibility.
2. Explain the difference between inline, internal, and external CSS.
- Inline CSS is applied directly within an HTML element using the
- Internal CSS is defined within a
- External CSS is linked to an HTML document via the
3. What is the CSS box model and what are its components?
The CSS box model describes the rectangular boxes generated for elements in the document tree and consists of four components:
- Content: The actual content of the element.
- Padding: The space between the content and the border.
- Border: The edge surrounding the padding.
- Margin: The space outside the border that separates the element from others.
4. How do you center a block element horizontally using CSS?
To center a block element horizontally, you can use the
5. What are CSS selectors and what are the different types?
CSS selectors are patterns used to select elements to apply styles. The different types include:
- Universal selector (
- Element selector (
- Class selector (
- ID selector (
- Attribute selector (
- Pseudo-class selector (
- Pseudo-element selector (
6. Explain the difference between
-
-
-
-
7. What is Flexbox and how is it used in CSS?
Flexbox (Flexible Box Layout) is a layout model that allows for more efficient arrangement of elements within a container. It is used to align and distribute space among items in a container, even when their size is unknown or dynamic. Flexbox is enabled by setting
8. How do you create a responsive design in CSS?
Responsive design can be achieved using media queries, flexible grid layouts, and relative units like percentages,
9. What are CSS preprocessors and name a few popular ones.
CSS preprocessors extend CSS with variables, nested rules, and functions, making it more powerful and easier to maintain. Popular CSS preprocessors include:
- Sass (Syntactically Awesome Style Sheets)
- LESS (Leaner Style Sheets)
- Stylus
10. How do you implement CSS animations?
CSS animations are implemented using the
Web Development Best Resources: https://topmate.io/coding/930165
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
1. What is CSS and what are its key features?
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML. Its key features include controlling layout, styling text, setting colors, spacing, and more, allowing for a separation of content and design for better maintainability and flexibility.
2. Explain the difference between inline, internal, and external CSS.
- Inline CSS is applied directly within an HTML element using the
style attribute.- Internal CSS is defined within a
<style> tag inside the <head> section of an HTML document.- External CSS is linked to an HTML document via the
<link> tag and is written in a separate .css file.3. What is the CSS box model and what are its components?
The CSS box model describes the rectangular boxes generated for elements in the document tree and consists of four components:
- Content: The actual content of the element.
- Padding: The space between the content and the border.
- Border: The edge surrounding the padding.
- Margin: The space outside the border that separates the element from others.
4. How do you center a block element horizontally using CSS?
To center a block element horizontally, you can use the
margin: auto; property. For example:.center {
width: 50%;
margin: auto;
}5. What are CSS selectors and what are the different types?
CSS selectors are patterns used to select elements to apply styles. The different types include:
- Universal selector (
*)- Element selector (
element)- Class selector (
.class)- ID selector (
#id)- Attribute selector (
[attribute])- Pseudo-class selector (
:pseudo-class)- Pseudo-element selector (
::pseudo-element)6. Explain the difference between
absolute, relative, fixed, and sticky positioning in CSS.-
relative: The element is positioned relative to its normal position.-
absolute: The element is positioned relative to its nearest positioned ancestor or the initial containing block if none exists.-
fixed: The element is positioned relative to the viewport and does not move when the page is scrolled.-
sticky: The element is treated as relative until a given offset position is met in the viewport, then it behaves as fixed.7. What is Flexbox and how is it used in CSS?
Flexbox (Flexible Box Layout) is a layout model that allows for more efficient arrangement of elements within a container. It is used to align and distribute space among items in a container, even when their size is unknown or dynamic. Flexbox is enabled by setting
display: flex; on a container element.8. How do you create a responsive design in CSS?
Responsive design can be achieved using media queries, flexible grid layouts, and relative units like percentages,
em, and rem. Media queries adjust styles based on the viewport's width, height, and other characteristics. For example:@media (max-width: 600px) {
.container {
width: 100%;
}
}9. What are CSS preprocessors and name a few popular ones.
CSS preprocessors extend CSS with variables, nested rules, and functions, making it more powerful and easier to maintain. Popular CSS preprocessors include:
- Sass (Syntactically Awesome Style Sheets)
- LESS (Leaner Style Sheets)
- Stylus
10. How do you implement CSS animations?
CSS animations are implemented using the
@keyframes rule to define the animation and the animation property to apply it to an element. For example:@keyframes example {
from {background-color: red;}
to {background-color: yellow;}
}
.element {
animation: example 5s infinite;
}Web Development Best Resources: https://topmate.io/coding/930165
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
❤2
✅ Coding A-Z: Your Essential Guide 💻 ✨
🅰️ Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. The backbone of every program.
🅱️ Boolean: A data type with only two possible values: true or false. The foundation of logic in code.
©️ Class: A blueprint for creating objects, encapsulating data and methods. Central to object-oriented programming.
🅳 Data Structure: A way of organizing and storing data for efficient access and modification (e.g., arrays, linked lists, trees).
🅴 Exception: An event that occurs during the execution of a program that disrupts the normal flow of instructions (handle them!).
🅵 Function: A block of organized, reusable code that performs a specific task. A building block of modular code.
🅶 Git: A distributed version control system for tracking changes in source code during software development. Essential for collaboration.
🅷 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): The foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web.
🅸 IDE (Integrated Development Environment): A software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development (e.g., VS Code, IntelliJ).
🅹 JSON (JavaScript Object Notation): A lightweight data-interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate.
🅺 Keyword: A reserved word in a programming language that has a special meaning and cannot be used as an identifier.
🅻 Loop: A sequence of instructions that is continually repeated until a certain condition is reached (e.g., for loop, while loop).
🅼 Method: A function that is associated with an object. They define the behavior of objects.
🅽 Null: Represents the absence of a value or a non-existent object pointer.
🅾️ Object: A fundamental concept in object-oriented programming, it is an instance of a class, containing data (attributes) and code (methods).
🅿️ Polymorphism: The ability of different classes to respond to the same method call in their own specific way.
🆀 Query: A request for data from a database.
🆁 Recursion: A function that calls itself to solve a smaller instance of the same problem. Useful for problems with self-similar substructures.
🆂 String: A sequence of characters, used to represent text.
🆃 Thread: A small unit of CPU execution, that can be executed concurrently with other units of the same program.
🆄 Unicode: A character encoding standard that provides a unique number for every character, regardless of the platform, program, or language.
🆅 Variable: A named storage location in the computer's memory that can hold a value.
🆆 While Loop: A control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a given boolean condition.
🆇 XML (Extensible Markup Language): A markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
🆈 YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language): A human-readable data serialization language often used for configuration files and in applications where data is being stored or transmitted.
🆉 Zero-Based Indexing: A way of indexing an array where the first element has an index of zero.
Tap ❤️ for more!
🅰️ Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. The backbone of every program.
🅱️ Boolean: A data type with only two possible values: true or false. The foundation of logic in code.
©️ Class: A blueprint for creating objects, encapsulating data and methods. Central to object-oriented programming.
🅳 Data Structure: A way of organizing and storing data for efficient access and modification (e.g., arrays, linked lists, trees).
🅴 Exception: An event that occurs during the execution of a program that disrupts the normal flow of instructions (handle them!).
🅵 Function: A block of organized, reusable code that performs a specific task. A building block of modular code.
🅶 Git: A distributed version control system for tracking changes in source code during software development. Essential for collaboration.
🅷 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): The foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web.
🅸 IDE (Integrated Development Environment): A software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development (e.g., VS Code, IntelliJ).
🅹 JSON (JavaScript Object Notation): A lightweight data-interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate.
🅺 Keyword: A reserved word in a programming language that has a special meaning and cannot be used as an identifier.
🅻 Loop: A sequence of instructions that is continually repeated until a certain condition is reached (e.g., for loop, while loop).
🅼 Method: A function that is associated with an object. They define the behavior of objects.
🅽 Null: Represents the absence of a value or a non-existent object pointer.
🅾️ Object: A fundamental concept in object-oriented programming, it is an instance of a class, containing data (attributes) and code (methods).
🅿️ Polymorphism: The ability of different classes to respond to the same method call in their own specific way.
🆀 Query: A request for data from a database.
🆁 Recursion: A function that calls itself to solve a smaller instance of the same problem. Useful for problems with self-similar substructures.
🆂 String: A sequence of characters, used to represent text.
🆃 Thread: A small unit of CPU execution, that can be executed concurrently with other units of the same program.
🆄 Unicode: A character encoding standard that provides a unique number for every character, regardless of the platform, program, or language.
🆅 Variable: A named storage location in the computer's memory that can hold a value.
🆆 While Loop: A control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a given boolean condition.
🆇 XML (Extensible Markup Language): A markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
🆈 YAML (YAML Ain't Markup Language): A human-readable data serialization language often used for configuration files and in applications where data is being stored or transmitted.
🆉 Zero-Based Indexing: A way of indexing an array where the first element has an index of zero.
Tap ❤️ for more!
❤8👍1
How to Learn Java in 2025
1. Set Clear Goals:
- Define your learning objectives. Do you want to build web applications, mobile apps, or work on enterprise-level software?
2. Choose a Structured Learning Path:
- Follow a structured learning path that covers the fundamentals of Java, object-oriented programming principles, and essential libraries.
3. Start with the Basics:
- Begin with the core concepts of Java, such as variables, data types, operators, and control flow statements.
4. Master Object-Oriented Programming:
- Learn about classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.
5. Explore Java Libraries:
- Familiarize yourself with commonly used Java libraries, such as those for input/output, networking, and data structures.
6. Practice Regularly:
- Write code regularly to reinforce your understanding and identify areas where you need more practice.
7. Leverage Online Resources:
- Utilize online courses, tutorials, and documentation to supplement your learning.
8. Join a Coding Community:
- Engage with online coding communities and forums to ask questions, share knowledge, and collaborate on projects.
9. Build Projects:
- Create simple projects to apply your skills and gain practical experience.
10. Stay Updated with Java Releases:
- Keep up with the latest Java releases and updates to ensure your knowledge remains current.
11. Explore Frameworks and Tools:
- Learn about popular Java frameworks and tools, such as Spring Boot, Maven, and IntelliJ IDEA.
12. Contribute to Open Source Projects:
- Contribute to open source Java projects to gain real-world experience and showcase your skills.
13. Seek Feedback and Mentoring:
- Seek feedback from experienced Java developers and consider mentorship opportunities to accelerate your learning.
14. Prepare for Certifications:
- Consider pursuing Java certifications, such as the Oracle Certified Java Programmer (OCJP), to validate your skills.
15. Network with Java Developers:
- Attend Java meetups, conferences, and online events to connect with other Java developers and learn from their experiences.
1. Set Clear Goals:
- Define your learning objectives. Do you want to build web applications, mobile apps, or work on enterprise-level software?
2. Choose a Structured Learning Path:
- Follow a structured learning path that covers the fundamentals of Java, object-oriented programming principles, and essential libraries.
3. Start with the Basics:
- Begin with the core concepts of Java, such as variables, data types, operators, and control flow statements.
4. Master Object-Oriented Programming:
- Learn about classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.
5. Explore Java Libraries:
- Familiarize yourself with commonly used Java libraries, such as those for input/output, networking, and data structures.
6. Practice Regularly:
- Write code regularly to reinforce your understanding and identify areas where you need more practice.
7. Leverage Online Resources:
- Utilize online courses, tutorials, and documentation to supplement your learning.
8. Join a Coding Community:
- Engage with online coding communities and forums to ask questions, share knowledge, and collaborate on projects.
9. Build Projects:
- Create simple projects to apply your skills and gain practical experience.
10. Stay Updated with Java Releases:
- Keep up with the latest Java releases and updates to ensure your knowledge remains current.
11. Explore Frameworks and Tools:
- Learn about popular Java frameworks and tools, such as Spring Boot, Maven, and IntelliJ IDEA.
12. Contribute to Open Source Projects:
- Contribute to open source Java projects to gain real-world experience and showcase your skills.
13. Seek Feedback and Mentoring:
- Seek feedback from experienced Java developers and consider mentorship opportunities to accelerate your learning.
14. Prepare for Certifications:
- Consider pursuing Java certifications, such as the Oracle Certified Java Programmer (OCJP), to validate your skills.
15. Network with Java Developers:
- Attend Java meetups, conferences, and online events to connect with other Java developers and learn from their experiences.
❤6
👨💻 Preparing for a Coding Interview? Here’s What You Need to Know! 💻⚙️
Whether it’s a tech giant or a startup, coding interviews test problem-solving and clarity.
🔹 Basics:
→ Master data structures: arrays, strings, linked lists, stacks, queues.
→ Practice basic algorithms: sorting, searching, recursion.
🔹 Intermediate:
→ Focus on trees, graphs, hashmaps, dynamic programming, and sliding window techniques.
→ Learn time & space complexity analysis.
🔹 Advanced:
→ Tackle system design (for senior roles), bit manipulation, multi-threading basics, and low-level optimizations.
→ Work on real coding platforms (LeetCode, HackerRank, Codeforces).
🡲 Quick Tip: Practice explaining your solution out loud. Communication is as important as the code!
👍 Tap ❤️ if you found this helpful!
Whether it’s a tech giant or a startup, coding interviews test problem-solving and clarity.
🔹 Basics:
→ Master data structures: arrays, strings, linked lists, stacks, queues.
→ Practice basic algorithms: sorting, searching, recursion.
🔹 Intermediate:
→ Focus on trees, graphs, hashmaps, dynamic programming, and sliding window techniques.
→ Learn time & space complexity analysis.
🔹 Advanced:
→ Tackle system design (for senior roles), bit manipulation, multi-threading basics, and low-level optimizations.
→ Work on real coding platforms (LeetCode, HackerRank, Codeforces).
🡲 Quick Tip: Practice explaining your solution out loud. Communication is as important as the code!
👍 Tap ❤️ if you found this helpful!
❤3😁2
Top 7 Must-Prepare Topics for Coding Interviews (2025 Edition)
✅ Arrays & Strings – Master problems on rotation, sliding window, two pointers, etc.
✅ Linked Lists – Practice reversal, cycle detection, and merging lists
✅ Hashing & Maps – Use hash tables for fast lookups and frequency-based problems
✅ Recursion & Backtracking – Solve problems like permutations, subsets, and Sudoku
✅ Dynamic Programming – Understand memoization, tabulation, and classic patterns
✅ Trees & Graphs – Cover traversal (BFS/DFS), shortest paths, and tree operations
✅ Stacks & Queues – Solve problems involving monotonic stacks, parentheses, and sliding windows
These are the essentials to crack FAANG-level interviews or product-based companies.
React with ❤️ for detailed explanation on each topic
✅ Arrays & Strings – Master problems on rotation, sliding window, two pointers, etc.
✅ Linked Lists – Practice reversal, cycle detection, and merging lists
✅ Hashing & Maps – Use hash tables for fast lookups and frequency-based problems
✅ Recursion & Backtracking – Solve problems like permutations, subsets, and Sudoku
✅ Dynamic Programming – Understand memoization, tabulation, and classic patterns
✅ Trees & Graphs – Cover traversal (BFS/DFS), shortest paths, and tree operations
✅ Stacks & Queues – Solve problems involving monotonic stacks, parentheses, and sliding windows
These are the essentials to crack FAANG-level interviews or product-based companies.
React with ❤️ for detailed explanation on each topic
❤7👌1
The Secret to learn SQL:
It's not about knowing everything
It's about doing simple things well
What You ACTUALLY Need:
1. SELECT Mastery
* SELECT * LIMIT 10
(yes, for exploration only!)
* COUNT, SUM, AVG
(used every single day)
* Basic DATE functions
(life-saving for reports)
* CASE WHEN
2. JOIN Logic
* LEFT JOIN
(your best friend)
* INNER JOIN
(your second best friend)
* That's it.
3. WHERE Magic
* Basic conditions
* AND, OR operators
* IN, NOT IN
* NULL handling
* LIKE for text search
4. GROUP BY Essentials
* Basic grouping
* HAVING clause
* Multiple columns
* Simple aggregations
Most common tasks:
* Pull monthly sales
* Count unique customers
* Calculate basic metrics
* Filter date ranges
* Join 2-3 tables
Focus on:
* Clean code
* Clear comments
* Consistent formatting
* Proper indentation
Here you can find essential SQL Interview Resources👇
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Like this post if you need more 👍❤️
Hope it helps :)
#sql
It's not about knowing everything
It's about doing simple things well
What You ACTUALLY Need:
1. SELECT Mastery
* SELECT * LIMIT 10
(yes, for exploration only!)
* COUNT, SUM, AVG
(used every single day)
* Basic DATE functions
(life-saving for reports)
* CASE WHEN
2. JOIN Logic
* LEFT JOIN
(your best friend)
* INNER JOIN
(your second best friend)
* That's it.
3. WHERE Magic
* Basic conditions
* AND, OR operators
* IN, NOT IN
* NULL handling
* LIKE for text search
4. GROUP BY Essentials
* Basic grouping
* HAVING clause
* Multiple columns
* Simple aggregations
Most common tasks:
* Pull monthly sales
* Count unique customers
* Calculate basic metrics
* Filter date ranges
* Join 2-3 tables
Focus on:
* Clean code
* Clear comments
* Consistent formatting
* Proper indentation
Here you can find essential SQL Interview Resources👇
https://news.1rj.ru/str/mysqldata
Like this post if you need more 👍❤️
Hope it helps :)
#sql
❤5
C++ Programming Roadmap
|
|-- Fundamentals
| |-- Basics of Programming
| | |-- Introduction to C++
| | |-- Setting Up Development Environment (IDE: Code::Blocks, Visual Studio, etc.)
| | |-- Compiling and Running C++ Programs
| |
| |-- Syntax and Structure
| | |-- Basic Syntax
| | |-- Variables and Data Types
| | |-- Operators (Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Bitwise)
|
|-- Control Structures
| |-- Conditional Statements
| | |-- If-Else Statements
| | |-- Switch Case
| |
| |-- Loops
| | |-- For Loop
| | |-- While Loop
| | |-- Do-While Loop
| |
| |-- Jump Statements
| | |-- Break, Continue
| | |-- Goto Statement
|
|-- Functions and Scope
| |-- Defining Functions
| | |-- Function Syntax
| | |-- Parameters and Arguments (Pass by Value, Pass by Reference)
| | |-- Return Statement
| |
| |-- Function Overloading
| | |-- Overloading Functions with Different Parameters
| |
| |-- Scope and Lifetime
| | |-- Local and Global Scope
| | |-- Static Variables
|
|-- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
| |-- Basics of OOP
| | |-- Classes and Objects
| | |-- Member Functions and Data Members
| |
| |-- Constructors and Destructors
| | |-- Constructor Types (Default, Parameterized, Copy)
| | |-- Destructor Basics
| |
| |-- Inheritance
| | |-- Single and Multiple Inheritance
| | |-- Protected Access Specifier
| | |-- Virtual Base Class
| |
| |-- Polymorphism
| | |-- Function Overriding
| | |-- Virtual Functions and Pure Virtual Functions
| | |-- Abstract Classes
| |
| |-- Encapsulation and Abstraction
| | |-- Access Specifiers (Public, Private, Protected)
| | |-- Getters and Setters
| |
| |-- Operator Overloading
| | |-- Overloading Operators (Arithmetic, Relational, etc.)
| | |-- Friend Functions
|
|-- Advanced C++
| |-- Pointers and Dynamic Memory
| | |-- Pointer Basics
| | |-- Dynamic Memory Allocation (new, delete)
| | |-- Pointer Arithmetic
| |
| |-- References
| | |-- Reference Variables
| | |-- Passing by Reference
| |
| |-- Templates
| | |-- Function Templates
| | |-- Class Templates
| |
| |-- Exception Handling
| | |-- Try-Catch Blocks
| | |-- Throwing Exceptions
| | |-- Standard Exceptions
|
|-- Data Structures
| |-- Arrays and Strings
| | |-- One-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional Arrays
| | |-- String Handling
| |
| |-- Linked Lists
| | |-- Singly and Doubly Linked Lists
| |
| |-- Stacks and Queues
| | |-- Stack Operations (Push, Pop, Peek)
| | |-- Queue Operations (Enqueue, Dequeue)
| |
| |-- Trees and Graphs
| | |-- Binary Trees, Binary Search Trees
| | |-- Graph Representation and Traversal (DFS, BFS)
|
|-- Standard Template Library (STL)
| |-- Containers
| | |-- Vectors, Lists, Deques
| | |-- Stacks, Queues, Priority Queues
| | |-- Sets, Maps, Unordered Maps
| |
| |-- Iterators
| | |-- Input and Output Iterators
| | |-- Forward, Bidirectional, and Random Access Iterators
| |
| |-- Algorithms
| | |-- Sorting, Searching, and Manipulation
| | |-- Numeric Algorithms
|
|-- File Handling
| |-- Streams and File I/O
| | |-- ifstream, ofstream, fstream
| | |-- Reading and Writing Files
| | |-- Binary File Handling
|
|-- Testing and Debugging
| |-- Debugging Tools
| | |-- gdb (GNU Debugger)
| | |-- Valgrind for Memory Leak Detection
| |
| |-- Unit Testing
| | |-- Google Test (gtest)
| | |-- Writing and Running Tests
|
|-- Deployment and DevOps
| |-- Version Control with Git
| | |-- Integrating C++ Projects with GitHub
| |-- Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)
| | |-- Using Jenkins or GitHub
Join @free4unow_backup for more free resources
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
|
|-- Fundamentals
| |-- Basics of Programming
| | |-- Introduction to C++
| | |-- Setting Up Development Environment (IDE: Code::Blocks, Visual Studio, etc.)
| | |-- Compiling and Running C++ Programs
| |
| |-- Syntax and Structure
| | |-- Basic Syntax
| | |-- Variables and Data Types
| | |-- Operators (Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Bitwise)
|
|-- Control Structures
| |-- Conditional Statements
| | |-- If-Else Statements
| | |-- Switch Case
| |
| |-- Loops
| | |-- For Loop
| | |-- While Loop
| | |-- Do-While Loop
| |
| |-- Jump Statements
| | |-- Break, Continue
| | |-- Goto Statement
|
|-- Functions and Scope
| |-- Defining Functions
| | |-- Function Syntax
| | |-- Parameters and Arguments (Pass by Value, Pass by Reference)
| | |-- Return Statement
| |
| |-- Function Overloading
| | |-- Overloading Functions with Different Parameters
| |
| |-- Scope and Lifetime
| | |-- Local and Global Scope
| | |-- Static Variables
|
|-- Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
| |-- Basics of OOP
| | |-- Classes and Objects
| | |-- Member Functions and Data Members
| |
| |-- Constructors and Destructors
| | |-- Constructor Types (Default, Parameterized, Copy)
| | |-- Destructor Basics
| |
| |-- Inheritance
| | |-- Single and Multiple Inheritance
| | |-- Protected Access Specifier
| | |-- Virtual Base Class
| |
| |-- Polymorphism
| | |-- Function Overriding
| | |-- Virtual Functions and Pure Virtual Functions
| | |-- Abstract Classes
| |
| |-- Encapsulation and Abstraction
| | |-- Access Specifiers (Public, Private, Protected)
| | |-- Getters and Setters
| |
| |-- Operator Overloading
| | |-- Overloading Operators (Arithmetic, Relational, etc.)
| | |-- Friend Functions
|
|-- Advanced C++
| |-- Pointers and Dynamic Memory
| | |-- Pointer Basics
| | |-- Dynamic Memory Allocation (new, delete)
| | |-- Pointer Arithmetic
| |
| |-- References
| | |-- Reference Variables
| | |-- Passing by Reference
| |
| |-- Templates
| | |-- Function Templates
| | |-- Class Templates
| |
| |-- Exception Handling
| | |-- Try-Catch Blocks
| | |-- Throwing Exceptions
| | |-- Standard Exceptions
|
|-- Data Structures
| |-- Arrays and Strings
| | |-- One-Dimensional and Multi-Dimensional Arrays
| | |-- String Handling
| |
| |-- Linked Lists
| | |-- Singly and Doubly Linked Lists
| |
| |-- Stacks and Queues
| | |-- Stack Operations (Push, Pop, Peek)
| | |-- Queue Operations (Enqueue, Dequeue)
| |
| |-- Trees and Graphs
| | |-- Binary Trees, Binary Search Trees
| | |-- Graph Representation and Traversal (DFS, BFS)
|
|-- Standard Template Library (STL)
| |-- Containers
| | |-- Vectors, Lists, Deques
| | |-- Stacks, Queues, Priority Queues
| | |-- Sets, Maps, Unordered Maps
| |
| |-- Iterators
| | |-- Input and Output Iterators
| | |-- Forward, Bidirectional, and Random Access Iterators
| |
| |-- Algorithms
| | |-- Sorting, Searching, and Manipulation
| | |-- Numeric Algorithms
|
|-- File Handling
| |-- Streams and File I/O
| | |-- ifstream, ofstream, fstream
| | |-- Reading and Writing Files
| | |-- Binary File Handling
|
|-- Testing and Debugging
| |-- Debugging Tools
| | |-- gdb (GNU Debugger)
| | |-- Valgrind for Memory Leak Detection
| |
| |-- Unit Testing
| | |-- Google Test (gtest)
| | |-- Writing and Running Tests
|
|-- Deployment and DevOps
| |-- Version Control with Git
| | |-- Integrating C++ Projects with GitHub
| |-- Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)
| | |-- Using Jenkins or GitHub
Join @free4unow_backup for more free resources
ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍
❤2👍1
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🎯 Open Roles:
👨💻 DevSecOps & Security Engineering
🧑💻 Full-Stack Development
🛠️ Engineering & Technical Management
🔐 Cybersecurity Analysts
☁️ DevOps & Cloud Engineering
💡 Whether you're a fresher or experienced, this is your shortcut to stand out!
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❤3
✅ Detailed Roadmap to Become a Programmer
📂 Learn Programming Fundamentals
Start with basics like programming logic, syntax, and how code flows. This builds your foundation.
∟📂 Choose a Language
Pick one popular language like Python (easy & versatile), Java (widely used in big systems), or C++ (great for performance). Focus on mastering it first.
∟📂 Learn Data Structures & Algorithms
Understand arrays, lists, trees, sorting, searching — these help write efficient code and solve complex problems.
∟📂 Learn Problem Solving
Practice coding challenges on platforms like LeetCode or HackerRank to improve your logic and speed.
∟📂 Learn OOPs & Design Patterns
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) teaches how to structure code; design patterns show reusable solutions to common problems.
∟📂 Learn Version Control (Git & GitHub)
Essential for collaboration—track your code changes and work with others safely using Git and GitHub.
∟📂 Learn Debugging & Testing
Find and fix bugs; test your code to make sure it works as expected.
∟📂 Work on Real-World Projects
Build practical projects to apply what you learned and showcase skills to employers.
∟📂 Contribute to Open Source
Collaborate on existing projects—gain experience, community recognition, and improve your coding.
∟✅ Apply for Job / Internship
With skills and projects ready, start applying confidently for programming roles or internships to kick-start your career.
👍 React ♥️ for more
📂 Learn Programming Fundamentals
Start with basics like programming logic, syntax, and how code flows. This builds your foundation.
∟📂 Choose a Language
Pick one popular language like Python (easy & versatile), Java (widely used in big systems), or C++ (great for performance). Focus on mastering it first.
∟📂 Learn Data Structures & Algorithms
Understand arrays, lists, trees, sorting, searching — these help write efficient code and solve complex problems.
∟📂 Learn Problem Solving
Practice coding challenges on platforms like LeetCode or HackerRank to improve your logic and speed.
∟📂 Learn OOPs & Design Patterns
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) teaches how to structure code; design patterns show reusable solutions to common problems.
∟📂 Learn Version Control (Git & GitHub)
Essential for collaboration—track your code changes and work with others safely using Git and GitHub.
∟📂 Learn Debugging & Testing
Find and fix bugs; test your code to make sure it works as expected.
∟📂 Work on Real-World Projects
Build practical projects to apply what you learned and showcase skills to employers.
∟📂 Contribute to Open Source
Collaborate on existing projects—gain experience, community recognition, and improve your coding.
∟✅ Apply for Job / Internship
With skills and projects ready, start applying confidently for programming roles or internships to kick-start your career.
👍 React ♥️ for more
❤10
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Python Programming: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiM08SDuMRaGKd9Wv0L
Chat Prompts: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbBSlua9Gv7TPLIEpR1o
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Data Analytics Pattern Identification....;;
Trend Analysis: Examining data over time to identify upward or downward trends.
Seasonal Patterns: Identifying recurring patterns or trends based on seasons or specific time periods
Correlation: Understanding relationships between variables and how changes in one may affect another.
Outlier Detection: Identifying data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern.
Clustering: Grouping similar data points together to find natural patterns within the data.
Classification: Categorizing data into predefined classes or groups based on certain features.
Regression Analysis: Predicting a dependent variable based on the values of independent variables.
Frequency Distribution: Analyzing the distribution of values within a dataset.
Pattern Recognition: Identifying recurring structures or shapes within the data.
Text Analysis: Extracting insights from unstructured text data through techniques like sentiment analysis or topic modeling.
These patterns help organizations make informed decisions, optimize processes, and gain a deeper understanding of their data.
Trend Analysis: Examining data over time to identify upward or downward trends.
Seasonal Patterns: Identifying recurring patterns or trends based on seasons or specific time periods
Correlation: Understanding relationships between variables and how changes in one may affect another.
Outlier Detection: Identifying data points that deviate significantly from the overall pattern.
Clustering: Grouping similar data points together to find natural patterns within the data.
Classification: Categorizing data into predefined classes or groups based on certain features.
Regression Analysis: Predicting a dependent variable based on the values of independent variables.
Frequency Distribution: Analyzing the distribution of values within a dataset.
Pattern Recognition: Identifying recurring structures or shapes within the data.
Text Analysis: Extracting insights from unstructured text data through techniques like sentiment analysis or topic modeling.
These patterns help organizations make informed decisions, optimize processes, and gain a deeper understanding of their data.
❤3