List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie");
names.forEach(name -> System.out.println(name));

List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "David");
List<String> filteredNames = names.stream()
    .filter(name -> name.startsWith("A"))
    .collect(Collectors.toList());

filteredNames.forEach(System.out::println); // Вывод: Alice

List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie");
names.sort((name1, name2) -> name1.compareTo(name2));
names.forEach(System.out::println);

// Predicate
Predicate<String> startsWithA = s -> s.startsWith("A");
boolean result = startsWithA.test("Alice"); // true

// Function
Function<String, Integer> lengthFunction = s -> s.length();
int length = lengthFunction.apply("Hello"); // 5

// Consumer
Consumer<String> printConsumer = s -> System.out.println(s);
printConsumer.accept("Hello, World!"); // Вывод: Hello, World!

// Supplier
Supplier<String> stringSupplier = () -> "Hello, Supplier!";
String suppliedString = stringSupplier.get();
System.out.println(suppliedString); // Вывод: Hello, Supplier!

List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
int sum = numbers.parallelStream()
    .mapToInt(Integer::intValue)
    .sum();

System.out.println("Sum: " + sum); // Вывод: Sum: 15

import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

class Employee {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Employee(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Employee{name='" + name + "', age=" + age + '}';
    }
}

public class LambdaExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Employee> employees = Arrays.asList(
            new Employee("Alice", 30),
            new Employee("Bob", 25),
            new Employee("Charlie", 35),
            new Employee("David", 28)
        );

        // Фильтрация и сортировка сотрудников по имени
        List<Employee> filteredAndSorted = employees.stream()
            .filter(e -> e.getAge() > 27)
            .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Employee::getName))
            .collect(Collectors.toList());

        filteredAndSorted.forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}

@Entity
@Table(name = "users")
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    
    private String name;
    private int age;
    
    // Геттеры и сеттеры
}

String hql = "FROM User WHERE age > 18";
List<User> users = session.createQuery(hql, User.class).getResultList();

String hql = "SELECT u.name FROM User u";
List<String> names = session.createQuery(hql, String.class).getResultList();

String hql = "FROM User WHERE name = :name";
Query<User> query = session.createQuery(hql, User.class);
query.setParameter("name", "Иван");
List<User> users = query.getResultList();

class Demo {
    int value;
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Demo obj = new Demo(); // Создан объект в памяти (Heap)
        obj = null; // Теперь на него нет ссылки → GC его удалит
    }
}

class Person {
    String name;

    Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj instanceof String) {  // ❌ Сравниваем с String (ошибка)
            return this.name.equals(obj);
        }
        return false;
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person p = new Person("Alice");

        System.out.println(p.equals("Alice")); // true
        System.out.println("Alice".equals(p)); // false ❌ (нарушена симметричность)
    }
}

@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
    if (this == obj) return true;
    if (obj == null || getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false;
    Person person = (Person) obj;
    return name.equals(person.name);
}

GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com

   POST /login HTTP/1.1
   Host: example.com
   

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Минимальный int: " + Integer.MIN_VALUE);
        System.out.println("Максимальный int: " + Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }
}

Минимальный int: -2147483648  
Максимальный int: 2147483647  

int a = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
int b = 1;
int c = a + b;
System.out.println(c);  // Выведет -2147483648 (переполнение!)

long bigNumber = 2_147_483_648L;  // Обязательно добавлять "L" в конце

BigInteger bigNum = new BigInteger("999999999999999999999999");

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring Boot Web -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Spring Boot JPA + Hibernate -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Драйвер для PostgreSQL -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
        <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Lombok (автоматически генерирует геттеры/сеттеры) -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {

    @GetMapping
    public String sayHello() {
        return "Привет, Spring!";
    }
}

http://localhost:8080/hello

Привет, Spring!

@Service
public class UserService {
    
    public String getUserGreeting(String name) {
        return "Привет, " + name + "!";
    }
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    
    private final UserService userService;

    @Autowired  // Внедрение зависимости
    public UserController(UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }

    @GetMapping("/{name}")
    public String getUserGreeting(@PathVariable String name) {
        return userService.getUserGreeting(name);
    }
}

http://localhost:8080/user/Иван

Привет, Иван!