AD Hardening Risks Explained Through Restaurant Scenarios
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Secure your Active Directory kitchen with these bite-sized analogies:
☢ Credential Stealer
Scenario: Dishwasher steals the head chef’s keys → Accesses the wine cellar.
Risk: Stolen credentials grant unauthorized access to critical systems.
Defense: Never log in with admin credentials on workstations.
☢ Public Pwn (MS14-068)
Scenario: Customer forges a VIP pass → Gets kitchen control.
Risk: Kerberos flaw escalates to Domain Admin in minutes.
Defense: Patch KB3011780 + automate compliance checks.
☢ Leaked in Kitchen (GPP Passwords)
Scenario: Recipes with secret ingredients left on the counter.
Risk: Group Policy Preferences expose passwords in SYSVOL.
Defense: Delete groups.xml, install KB2962486, audit GPPs.
☢ DCSync Attack
Scenario: Impostor poses as health inspector → Demands all recipes.
Risk: Attackers mimic Domain Controllers to steal password hashes.
Defense: Restrict "Replicating Directory Changes" rights.
☢ LLMNR Poisoning
Scenario: Fake waiter intercepts orders → Serves poisoned dishes.
Risk: Spoofed network responses steal NTLM hashes.
Defense: Disable LLMNR/NBT-NS via Group Policy.
☢ AS-REP Roasting
Scenario: No ID check at the door → Burglars walk in freely.
Risk: Kerberos pre-authentication bypassed for hash theft.
Defense: Enforce pre-auth for all accounts.
☢ Vulnerable GPO Abuse
Scenario: Dishwasher edits kitchen rules → Adds backdoor access.
Risk: Malicious Group Policies deploy malware.
Defense: Audit GPO permissions with BloodHound.
☢ Pass-the-Ticket Attack
Scenario: Stolen meal voucher reused → Free dinners forever.
Risk: Kerberos tickets reused for lateral movement.
Defense: Monitor TGT anomalies, reset compromised passwords.
✴ Twitter: https://x.com/hackinarticles
Secure your Active Directory kitchen with these bite-sized analogies:
☢ Credential Stealer
Scenario: Dishwasher steals the head chef’s keys → Accesses the wine cellar.
Risk: Stolen credentials grant unauthorized access to critical systems.
Defense: Never log in with admin credentials on workstations.
☢ Public Pwn (MS14-068)
Scenario: Customer forges a VIP pass → Gets kitchen control.
Risk: Kerberos flaw escalates to Domain Admin in minutes.
Defense: Patch KB3011780 + automate compliance checks.
☢ Leaked in Kitchen (GPP Passwords)
Scenario: Recipes with secret ingredients left on the counter.
Risk: Group Policy Preferences expose passwords in SYSVOL.
Defense: Delete groups.xml, install KB2962486, audit GPPs.
☢ DCSync Attack
Scenario: Impostor poses as health inspector → Demands all recipes.
Risk: Attackers mimic Domain Controllers to steal password hashes.
Defense: Restrict "Replicating Directory Changes" rights.
☢ LLMNR Poisoning
Scenario: Fake waiter intercepts orders → Serves poisoned dishes.
Risk: Spoofed network responses steal NTLM hashes.
Defense: Disable LLMNR/NBT-NS via Group Policy.
☢ AS-REP Roasting
Scenario: No ID check at the door → Burglars walk in freely.
Risk: Kerberos pre-authentication bypassed for hash theft.
Defense: Enforce pre-auth for all accounts.
☢ Vulnerable GPO Abuse
Scenario: Dishwasher edits kitchen rules → Adds backdoor access.
Risk: Malicious Group Policies deploy malware.
Defense: Audit GPO permissions with BloodHound.
☢ Pass-the-Ticket Attack
Scenario: Stolen meal voucher reused → Free dinners forever.
Risk: Kerberos tickets reused for lateral movement.
Defense: Monitor TGT anomalies, reset compromised passwords.
ADCS ESC15 - Exploiting Template Schema v1
✴ Twitter: https://x.com/hackinarticles
The ESC15 vulnerability (EKUwu), affects Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS), allowing attackers to inject unauthorized EKUs (e.g., Client Authentication) into Schema Version 1 templates.
📘 Overview of the ESC15 Attack
📐 What is Schema Version 1?
📋 Prerequisites
🧪 Lab Setup
🎯 Enumeration & Exploitation
🧠 Post Exploitation
🛡️ Mitigation
✴ Twitter: https://x.com/hackinarticles
The ESC15 vulnerability (EKUwu), affects Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS), allowing attackers to inject unauthorized EKUs (e.g., Client Authentication) into Schema Version 1 templates.
📘 Overview of the ESC15 Attack
📐 What is Schema Version 1?
📋 Prerequisites
🧪 Lab Setup
🎯 Enumeration & Exploitation
🧠 Post Exploitation
🛡️ Mitigation
❤1
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Join IGNITE TECHNOLOGIES’ exclusive "Capture the Flag" Training Program and enhance your skills with the following modules:
🧠 Introduction
🌐 Information Gathering
🧱 Vulnerability Scanning
🔓 Windows Privilege Escalation
🐧 Linux Privilege Escalation
🛡️ Client-Side Attacks
🌐 Web Application Attacks
🧬 Password Attacks
🧠 Tunneling & Pivoting
🏰 Active Directory Attacks
💣 Exploiting Public Exploits
📋 Report Writing
🔗 Register here: https://forms.gle/bowpX9TGEs41GDG99
💬 WhatsApp: https://wa.me/message/HIOPPNENLOX6F1
📧 Email: info@ignitetechnologies.in
Join IGNITE TECHNOLOGIES’ exclusive "Capture the Flag" Training Program and enhance your skills with the following modules:
🧠 Introduction
🌐 Information Gathering
🧱 Vulnerability Scanning
🔓 Windows Privilege Escalation
🐧 Linux Privilege Escalation
🛡️ Client-Side Attacks
🌐 Web Application Attacks
🧬 Password Attacks
🧠 Tunneling & Pivoting
🏰 Active Directory Attacks
💣 Exploiting Public Exploits
📋 Report Writing
❤2
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❤1
OT Cybersecurity in 5 Bite-Sized Scenarios
✴ Twitter: Share this thread
1. No Incident Plan
Kitchen fire → Staff panics
✅ Fix: OT-specific response drills
2. Weak Architecture
Open kitchen → Rats everywhere
✅ Fix: Segment IT/OT networks
3. Blind Monitoring
No cameras → Thieves steal freely
✅ Fix: ICS-aware sensors (e.g., Dragos)
4. Risky Remote Access
Backdoor open → Hackers walk in
✅ Fix: MFA + time-limited access
5. Ignored Vulnerabilities
Rotten food → Customers sick
✅ Fix: Patch "NOW" threats first
Stats:
Only 29% secure remote access
61% monitor networks properly
✴ Twitter: Share this thread
1. No Incident Plan
Kitchen fire → Staff panics
✅ Fix: OT-specific response drills
2. Weak Architecture
Open kitchen → Rats everywhere
✅ Fix: Segment IT/OT networks
3. Blind Monitoring
No cameras → Thieves steal freely
✅ Fix: ICS-aware sensors (e.g., Dragos)
4. Risky Remote Access
Backdoor open → Hackers walk in
✅ Fix: MFA + time-limited access
5. Ignored Vulnerabilities
Rotten food → Customers sick
✅ Fix: Patch "NOW" threats first
Stats:
Only 29% secure remote access
61% monitor networks properly
🔥1
A Detailed Guide on Certipy
✴ Twitter: https://x.com/hackinarticles
In this Certipy Active Directory Exploitation guide, we explore how to use Certipy—an offensive and defensive toolkit designed for Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS)—to enumerate misconfigurations and abuse CA templates.
📘 Overview of Certipy
🏛️ ADCS Key Concepts
📋 Prerequisites
🕵️ Finding Vulnerable Templates
🧾 Examining Account Privileges
🔧 Manipulating Accounts
📜 Requesting Certificates
🔐 Authenticating via Certificate
👥 Managing Shadow Credentials
🛠️ Modifying Templates & CA
🌀 Forging & Relaying Certificates
🛡️ Mitigation
✴ Twitter: https://x.com/hackinarticles
In this Certipy Active Directory Exploitation guide, we explore how to use Certipy—an offensive and defensive toolkit designed for Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS)—to enumerate misconfigurations and abuse CA templates.
📘 Overview of Certipy
🏛️ ADCS Key Concepts
📋 Prerequisites
🕵️ Finding Vulnerable Templates
🧾 Examining Account Privileges
🔧 Manipulating Accounts
📜 Requesting Certificates
🔐 Authenticating via Certificate
👥 Managing Shadow Credentials
🛠️ Modifying Templates & CA
🌀 Forging & Relaying Certificates
🛡️ Mitigation
❤1👍1🔥1
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💬 WhatsApp: https://wa.me/message/HIOPPNENLOX6F1
📧 Email: info@ignitetechnologies.in
Limited slots available! Hurry up to secure your spot in this exclusive training program offered by Ignite Technologies.
🧠 LLM Architecture
🔐 LLM Security Principles
🗄️ Data Security in AI Systems
🛡️ Model Security
🏗️ Infrastructure Security
📜 OWASP Top 10 for LLMs
⚙️ LLM Installation and Deployment
📡 Model Context Protocol (MCP)
🚀 Publishing Your Model Using Ollama
🔍 Introduction to Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
🌐 Making Your AI Application Public
📊 Types of Enumeration Using AI
🎯 Prompt Injection Attacks
🐞 Exploiting LLM APIs: Real-World Bug Scenarios
🔑 Password Leakage via AI Models
🎭 Indirect Prompt Injection Techniques
⚠️ Misconfigurations in LLM Deployments
👑 Exploitation of LLM APIs with Excessive Privileges
📝 Content Manipulation in LLM Outputs
📤 Data Extraction Attacks on LLMs
🔒 Securing AI Systems
🧾 System Prompts and Their Security Implications
🤖 Automated Penetration Testing with AI
🔗 Register here: https://forms.gle/bowpX9TGEs41GDG99
💬 WhatsApp: https://wa.me/message/HIOPPNENLOX6F1
📧 Email: info@ignitetechnologies.in
Limited slots available! Hurry up to secure your spot in this exclusive training program offered by Ignite Technologies.
🧠 LLM Architecture
🔐 LLM Security Principles
🗄️ Data Security in AI Systems
🛡️ Model Security
🏗️ Infrastructure Security
📜 OWASP Top 10 for LLMs
⚙️ LLM Installation and Deployment
📡 Model Context Protocol (MCP)
🚀 Publishing Your Model Using Ollama
🔍 Introduction to Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
🌐 Making Your AI Application Public
📊 Types of Enumeration Using AI
🎯 Prompt Injection Attacks
🐞 Exploiting LLM APIs: Real-World Bug Scenarios
🔑 Password Leakage via AI Models
🎭 Indirect Prompt Injection Techniques
⚠️ Misconfigurations in LLM Deployments
👑 Exploitation of LLM APIs with Excessive Privileges
📝 Content Manipulation in LLM Outputs
📤 Data Extraction Attacks on LLMs
🔒 Securing AI Systems
🧾 System Prompts and Their Security Implications
🤖 Automated Penetration Testing with AI
❤3
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Cyber Incident Response Explained in Bite-Sized Scenarios
✴ Twitter: Share this thread
1. No Incident Plan
Kitchen fire → Staff panics
✅ Fix: OT-specific response drills
2. Weak Architecture
Open kitchen → Rats everywhere
✅ Fix: Segment IT/OT networks
3. Blind Monitoring
No cameras → Thieves steal freely
✅ Fix: ICS-aware sensors (e.g., Dragos)
4. Risky Remote Access
Backdoor open → Hackers walk in
✅ Fix: MFA + time-limited access
5. Ignored Vulnerabilities
Rotten food → Customers sick
✅ Fix: Patch "NOW" threats first
Stats:
Only 29% secure remote access
61% monitor networks properly
✴ Twitter: Share this thread
1. No Incident Plan
Kitchen fire → Staff panics
✅ Fix: OT-specific response drills
2. Weak Architecture
Open kitchen → Rats everywhere
✅ Fix: Segment IT/OT networks
3. Blind Monitoring
No cameras → Thieves steal freely
✅ Fix: ICS-aware sensors (e.g., Dragos)
4. Risky Remote Access
Backdoor open → Hackers walk in
✅ Fix: MFA + time-limited access
5. Ignored Vulnerabilities
Rotten food → Customers sick
✅ Fix: Patch "NOW" threats first
Stats:
Only 29% secure remote access
61% monitor networks properly
❤3