Usability Heuristics for Design: Nielsen, Shneiderman, & Norman
Usability is critical in design, whether it's for websites, apps, physical products, or anything else people interact with. Three prominent figures have established sets of principles to guide designers towards this goal: Jakob Nielsen, Ben Shneiderman, and Donald Norman. Let's explore their principles individually and then compare them.
Jakob Nielsen's 10 Heuristics
Jakob Nielsen, a usability expert and co-founder of the Nielsen Norman Group, proposed 10 heuristics for interface design:
1. Visibility of system status: Keep users informed about what's happening with the system through clear and timely feedback.
2. Match between system and the real world:
Use terms and concepts familiar to users, avoiding jargon and obscurity.
3. User control and freedom:
Allow users to easily undo mistakes and navigate freely through the system.
4. Consistency and standards:
Maintain familiar conventions and consistency in design across the interface.
5. Error prevention:
Design the system to prevent errors or make them easily recoverable.
6. Recognition rather than recall:
Minimize the need for users to remember information by presenting it clearly and logically.
7. Efficiency and flexibility:
Cater to both novice and expert users by offering shortcuts and efficient ways to complete tasks.
8. Aesthetic and minimalist design:
Keep the interface visually appealing and free from clutter, focusing on essential information.
9. Help and documentation:
Provide clear and accessible help documentation when needed.
10. Dialog:
Use clear and concise language in all dialogs and messages.
Ben Shneiderman's Eight Golden Rules of Interaction Design
Ben Shneiderman, a computer scientist and human-computer interaction expert, formulated eight golden rules for interaction design:
1. Strive for consistency:
Maintain consistency in terminology, commands, and overall design within and across platforms.
2. Minimize the user's cognitive load:
Reduce the amount of information users need to process at once by presenting it in a clear and concise way.
3. Keep the interaction the focus:
Avoid distracting elements and unnecessary clutter that can divert users' attention.
4. Direct manipulation:
Allow users to directly manipulate objects on the screen to achieve their goals.
5. Multiple modes and shortcuts:
Offer different ways to complete tasks, catering to user preferences and efficiency.
6. Natural mapping:
Map the relationship between physical actions and their digital outcomes intuitively.
7. Affordance and feedback:
Design elements that clearly indicate their functions and provide immediate feedback on user actions.
8. Error prevention and correction:
Make it easy for users to recover from mistakes and prevent errors through confirmation prompts and undo options.
Donald Norman's Principles of Design
Donald Norman, a psychologist and cognitive scientist, established seven principles for good design:
1. Visibility:
Design elements should be visible and easily noticed by users.
2. Affordance:
Elements should communicate their function and how to interact with them intuitively.
3. Mapping:
Relationships between controls and their effects should be clear and predictable.
4. Consistency:
Design patterns and terminology should be consistent throughout the interface.
5. Feedback:
Users should receive immediate and informative feedback on their actions.
6. Error tolerance:
The system should be forgiving of errors and allow users to easily recover.
7. Help and documentation:
Help features and documentation should be clear, accessible, and readily available.
Comparison of the Principles
While each set of principles focuses on usability, they differ in their emphasis and specific points:
Nielsen:
Primarily concerned with the user interface (UI) and interaction, emphasizing visibility, clarity, and efficiency.
Usability is critical in design, whether it's for websites, apps, physical products, or anything else people interact with. Three prominent figures have established sets of principles to guide designers towards this goal: Jakob Nielsen, Ben Shneiderman, and Donald Norman. Let's explore their principles individually and then compare them.
Jakob Nielsen's 10 Heuristics
Jakob Nielsen, a usability expert and co-founder of the Nielsen Norman Group, proposed 10 heuristics for interface design:
1. Visibility of system status: Keep users informed about what's happening with the system through clear and timely feedback.
2. Match between system and the real world:
Use terms and concepts familiar to users, avoiding jargon and obscurity.
3. User control and freedom:
Allow users to easily undo mistakes and navigate freely through the system.
4. Consistency and standards:
Maintain familiar conventions and consistency in design across the interface.
5. Error prevention:
Design the system to prevent errors or make them easily recoverable.
6. Recognition rather than recall:
Minimize the need for users to remember information by presenting it clearly and logically.
7. Efficiency and flexibility:
Cater to both novice and expert users by offering shortcuts and efficient ways to complete tasks.
8. Aesthetic and minimalist design:
Keep the interface visually appealing and free from clutter, focusing on essential information.
9. Help and documentation:
Provide clear and accessible help documentation when needed.
10. Dialog:
Use clear and concise language in all dialogs and messages.
Ben Shneiderman's Eight Golden Rules of Interaction Design
Ben Shneiderman, a computer scientist and human-computer interaction expert, formulated eight golden rules for interaction design:
1. Strive for consistency:
Maintain consistency in terminology, commands, and overall design within and across platforms.
2. Minimize the user's cognitive load:
Reduce the amount of information users need to process at once by presenting it in a clear and concise way.
3. Keep the interaction the focus:
Avoid distracting elements and unnecessary clutter that can divert users' attention.
4. Direct manipulation:
Allow users to directly manipulate objects on the screen to achieve their goals.
5. Multiple modes and shortcuts:
Offer different ways to complete tasks, catering to user preferences and efficiency.
6. Natural mapping:
Map the relationship between physical actions and their digital outcomes intuitively.
7. Affordance and feedback:
Design elements that clearly indicate their functions and provide immediate feedback on user actions.
8. Error prevention and correction:
Make it easy for users to recover from mistakes and prevent errors through confirmation prompts and undo options.
Donald Norman's Principles of Design
Donald Norman, a psychologist and cognitive scientist, established seven principles for good design:
1. Visibility:
Design elements should be visible and easily noticed by users.
2. Affordance:
Elements should communicate their function and how to interact with them intuitively.
3. Mapping:
Relationships between controls and their effects should be clear and predictable.
4. Consistency:
Design patterns and terminology should be consistent throughout the interface.
5. Feedback:
Users should receive immediate and informative feedback on their actions.
6. Error tolerance:
The system should be forgiving of errors and allow users to easily recover.
7. Help and documentation:
Help features and documentation should be clear, accessible, and readily available.
Comparison of the Principles
While each set of principles focuses on usability, they differ in their emphasis and specific points:
Nielsen:
Primarily concerned with the user interface (UI) and interaction, emphasizing visibility, clarity, and efficiency.
Shneiderman:
Focuses on cognitive load and interaction design, advocating for direct manipulation, natural mapping, and error prevention.
Norman:
Blends cognitive psychology with design, highlighting affordance, feedback, and error tolerance for user-centered design.
Commonalities:
All three frameworks emphasize user-centered design, prioritizing the needs and cognitive limitations of users.
They share principles like consistency, feedback, error prevention, and clear communication.
All aim to create intuitive and efficient interfaces that minimize user effort and frustration.
Conclusion:
Nielsen, Shneiderman, and Norman's principles offer valuable guidance for designing usable and user-friendly interfaces. While they have their differences, they ultimately share the same goal:
to create products and systems that are enjoyable and effective for users.
By understanding and applying these principles, designers can create experiences that are not only functional but also satisfying and engaging.
Remember, the choice of principles to apply will depend on the specific context and design goals.
Combining insights from different frameworks can often lead to the most effective
Focuses on cognitive load and interaction design, advocating for direct manipulation, natural mapping, and error prevention.
Norman:
Blends cognitive psychology with design, highlighting affordance, feedback, and error tolerance for user-centered design.
Commonalities:
All three frameworks emphasize user-centered design, prioritizing the needs and cognitive limitations of users.
They share principles like consistency, feedback, error prevention, and clear communication.
All aim to create intuitive and efficient interfaces that minimize user effort and frustration.
Conclusion:
Nielsen, Shneiderman, and Norman's principles offer valuable guidance for designing usable and user-friendly interfaces. While they have their differences, they ultimately share the same goal:
to create products and systems that are enjoyable and effective for users.
By understanding and applying these principles, designers can create experiences that are not only functional but also satisfying and engaging.
Remember, the choice of principles to apply will depend on the specific context and design goals.
Combining insights from different frameworks can often lead to the most effective
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#تنقيب_بيانات_عملي
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Confusion Matrix (MultiClass)
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Confusion Matrix (MultiClass)
خاصة عندما تريد تقييم النمودج الخاص بك
بالتوفيق للجميع و السلام عليكم و رحمة الله و بركاته
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