def load(filename):
    data = []
    with open(filename, “r”) as file:
        for line in file:
            data.append([float(item) for item in line.split()])
    return data

def load(filename):
    with open(filename, “r”) as file:
        data = [list(map(float, line.split())) for line in file]
    return data

def load(filename):
    import numpy as np
    dt = np.dtype([(“x”, float), (“y”, float)])
    data = np.loadtxt(filename, dtype=dt)
    return data

x, y = 1, 2
x, y = y, x

a_list = [‘I’, ‘like’, ‘python’, ‘programming’]
a_string = “ “.join(a_list)

a_string = ‘I like python programming’
a_list = a_string.split()

[0]*1000 # лист, заполненный 1000 нулями
[1]*1000 # лист, заполненный 1000 единицами

x = {‘a’:1, ‘b’:2}
y = {‘c’:3, ‘d’:4}
z = {**x, **y}

a = ‘My string’
a = a[::-1]

def test(x,y):
    return x,y
a,b = test(1,2)

a_dict = {‘a’:1, ‘b’:2, ’c’:3}
for k, v in a_dict.items():
    print(‘{0}:{1}’.format(k, v))

a_list = list()
a_dict = dict()
a_set = set()
a_tuple = tuple()

my_string = ‘My string///‘
my_string.strip(‘/‘)

import sys
x = 1
print(sys.getsizeof(x))

a_list = [1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 4, 1, 4, 4, 1]
print(max(set(a_list), key=a_list.count))

>>> a = [0]
>>> id(a)
4349920392

>>> b = a
>>> id(b)
4349920392

>>> b = a[:]
>>> id(b)
4349922696

>>> dir()
>>> dir(2)
['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__bool__’,…]

>>> dir(dir)
['__call__', '__class__', '__delattr__’,…]

if (item in [1,2,3]):

if (item==1 or item==2 or item==3):

from pprint import pprint 
pprint(m_dict)