1The function binary_search takes a sorted array nums and a target value target as input.
2. It initializes two variables, left and right, which represent the left and right ends of the search interval, respectively. Initially, left is set to 0 and right is set to the length of the array minus 1.
3.The function enters a while loop that continues as long as left is less than or equal to right. This means that the search interval is still valid.
4.Inside the loop, the function calculates the middle index of the search interval using the formula middle = (left + right) // 2.
5.The function then checks if the target value is at the middle index of the array (nums[middle] == target).
6.If the target is found at the middle index, the function returns the middle index.
7.If the target is less than the value at the middle index (nums[middle] > target), it means that the target must be in the left half of the array. So the function updates the right pointer to middle - 1 to exclude the right half from the search interval.
8.If the target is greater than the value at the middle index (nums[middle] < target), it means that the target must be in the right half of the array. So the function updates the left pointer to middle + 1 to exclude the left half from the search interval.
If the loop exits without finding the target, it means that the target is not present in the array. The function returns -1 in this case.

Question 2 on #binary_search Binary Search: Treasure Hunt!

Imagine searching for buried treasure on a coastline. You have distances to the treasure from various points (sorted from smallest to biggest).

Binary search helps find the closest distance to the treasure from your ship's location. It works by repeatedly guessing the middle distance and checking if it's the treasure or closer than your acceptable range (tolerance).

It's super fast for sorted lists (like your treasure distances).
Think of eliminating half the coastline on each guess!
Example:

Ship at distance 50 meters. Tolerance 10 meters.

Distances: [10, 20, 40, 60, 80]

Binary search would check:

Middle distance (40 meters) - too far, but closer than 60 meters!
Left half (now 10, 20, 40) - Bingo! 40 meters is closest within tolerance.

in programming counting (indexing) starts from zero so 1 indicates the second element in the list

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Want to test your Python skills? Look no further! All the practice questions for beginners are pinned in the first message of this channel.

Feel free to answer the questions at your own pace and refer back to them whenever you need a refresher. If you have any questions or need help with a specific concept, don't hesitate to ask in the chat!

Happy coding!

Welcome to your first day of Python programming! Today, we will be introducing you to the basics of Python programming and getting you started on your journey to becoming a proficient Python programmer.

First, let's start with the basics. Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language that is widely used for web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and many other applications. It is known for its simplicity, readability, and ease of use, making it a great language for beginners to learn.

To get started with Python, you will need to install Python on your computer. You can download the latest version of Python from the official Python website (https://www.python.org/downloads/). Once you have installed Python, you can open the Python interpreter, which is a command-line interface that allows you to enter Python code and see the results.

Let's start with a simple example. Open the Python interpreter and type the following code:

print("Hello, world!")


Press enter, and you should see the output "Hello, world!" printed on the screen. Congratulations, you have just written your first Python program!

Now, let's take a closer look at the code. The print() function is a built-in function in Python that allows you to print text to the screen. In this case, we are printing the text "Hello, world!" to the screen. The text is enclosed in double quotes, which tells Python that it is a string.

Next, let's talk about variables. In Python, a variable is a name that represents a value. You can assign a value to a variable using the assignment operator =. For example:

x = 5


This assigns the value 5 to the variable x. You can then use the variable x in your code:

print(x)


This will print the value of x, which is 5.

Variables can also be assigned to other variables:

x = 5
y = x
print(y)


This will print the value of y, which is also 5, because we assigned y to the value of x.

You can also perform arithmetic operations on variables:

x = 5
y = 3
print(x + y) # prints 8
print(x - y) # prints 2
print(x * y) # prints 15
print(x / y) # prints 1.6666666666666667


This will perform arithmetic operations on the variables x and y and print the results to the screen.

That's it for today's lesson! We hope you have enjoyed your introduction to Python programming, and we look forward to teaching you more in the coming days.

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Tutorial: Python If-Else Condition Basics

1. Introduction to If-Else Conditions:
- In programming, if-else conditions are used to make decisions based on certain conditions.
- If a condition is true, a specific block of code is executed. Otherwise, an alternative block of code is executed.

2. Syntax of If-Else Statements:
- The basic syntax of an if-else statement in Python is as follows:

if condition:
    # code to be executed if the condition is true
else:
    # code to be executed if the condition is false

3. Simple If-Else Statements:
- Let's start with a simple example to understand the concept:

age = 18

if age >= 18:
    print("You are eligible to vote!")
else:
    print("You are not eligible to vote yet.")

4. Comparison Operators:
- Comparison operators are used to compare values in if-else conditions. Here are some commonly used comparison operators:
- > : Greater than
- < : Less than
- == : Equal to
- != : Not equal to
- >= : Greater than or equal to
- <= : Less than or equal to

5. Logical Operators:
- Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions in if-else statements. Here are the commonly used logical operators:
- and : Returns True if both conditions are true
- or : Returns True if at least one condition is true
- not : Returns the opposite of the condition

6. Nested If-Else Statements:
- Nested if-else statements allow you to have multiple levels of conditions. Here's an example:

age = 25
income = 50000

if age >= 18:
    if income >= 30000:
        print("You are eligible for a loan!")
    else:
        print("You are not eligible for a loan.")
else:
    print("You must be at least 18 years old to apply for a loan.")

7. Elif (Else If) Statements:
- The elif statement allows you to check multiple conditions in a single if-else block. Here's an example:

score = 85

if score >= 90:
    print("You got an A!")
elif score >= 80:
    print("You got a B!")
elif score >= 70:
    print("You got a C!")
else:
    print("You need to improve your score.")

.

This tutorial provides a basic understanding of if-else conditions in Python. Practice writing if-else statements and try solving different problems to strengthen your skills.

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