Roberto Maglione, The Motions of Life: Was Einstein Really Modelling Brownian Movement?
Foreword by James DeMeo
—excerpt

"Roberto Maglione's new book on Robert Brown, and the controversy surrounding the issue of "Brownian motion" is an important recounting of a lost chapter in the history of science. Nearly everyone studying biology learns, as an early catechism, that the jiggling motions of small particles in water, as seen in the microscope, are a product of thermodynamics within that fluid. It is asserted the inequality of heat distribution within the fluid causes waves of water molecules to smash up against tiny particles like giant waves crashing upon a boulder near the shoreline, which then causes the microscopic particles to bounce and jump around. And yet, this simplistic idea of thermal effects not only went against Brown's own observations and speculations of what he termed "active molecules," but also those of a list of other notable microscopists and physicians to follow, such as H. Charlton Bastian and Wilhelm Reich. They would later observe how such apparently random motions of small particles could become life-like, with structure and form suggesting a transition from the non-living to the living, and out of which under specific conditions would come very much alive particles capable of growth, replication and independent motion. The basic problem initially confronted was, that particulate movements in water are not always correlated with temperature, nor are they always random in character, and also that under different biochemistry, or with particles composed of different materials, the Brownian motion activity can be variable, either negligible or vigorous. Change a parameter or two, and even under the same temperature, with the same approximate particle size and fluid viscosity, and the movements can be quite different.

"In my own investigations with the microscope, making limited confirmations of Reich's discovery of vesicular bion formations out of disintegrating organic and inorganic material, I've seen some of these phenomena, and hosted laboratory seminars for professionals on this subject at my laboratory and institute. Certain rock powders or dusts made from glacial minerals or quartz, or finely ground beach sands, will show a vigorous activity when immersed into ordinary distilled or tap water, easily observed in the microscope. The vigor of the motions is rough like matched by the intensity of a very real bluish glow generally seen around the moving particles. And this color is no artifact of mechanical refraction, as it is observable using the best true-color apochromatic lenses. This motion is also frequently variable in ways contradicting the thermodynamic arguments. For example, on some days of our laboratory seminars, the early cooler morning hours away revealed quite vigorous motions of the rock-dust material in the microscope, while later in the afternoon when the air temperature was warmer, the activity sometimes ground to a halt — all the little particles then collapsed to the bottom of the slide and refused to budge, even when the slide was artificially warmed from below, or a heater was used to create a strong thermal gradient across the solution on the slide.

"Under the right chemistry and particulate material, as with Reich's incandescence experiments where clay particles are heated to red-hot incandescence, and then plunged with a sizzling sound into a 0.1 Normal KCl solution, one can see borderline life-like motions among the myriad small bion particles which separate from the larger clay mineral matrix due to the intense heating and quick cooling. Such particles often move in a cone-shaped spinning fashion, albeit in a somewhat jumpy manner, as if anchored to one spot while spinning around at the other end, like a children's toy top.

Or they can flip-flop like a leaf falling through the air, except these are not "falling." Beach sand heated to red-hot and immersed into a similar KCl solution can also form bionous particle "pair-bonds" with visible blue energetic energy fields or "luminating bridges" between the particles, as Reich termed it. Quad-bonds of a tetrahedral nature also proliferate in such beach-sand preparations, which suggests an attractive force which keeps the particles within each other's orbit over long periods, even while they jump and jiggle around independently and do not appeal to be mechanically cemented together, or in some cases to not even touch each other except for the occasional bump. As Reich showed, such "sand packet" bions yielded anomalous electrostatic forces and a sensible radiant energy, emitted from the test-tubes containing the packet-bions. Add a bit of sterile nutrient broth, as he and others have observed, and the movements may be even more life-like, with twisting motions, greater clumping of bion particles and internal pulsations. And, as Bastian and Reich both demonstrated, growth and replication of particles under sterile conditions is possible, thereby satisfying the definitions of true living organisms — though this is not to be confused with the simplistic ideas of "spontaneous generation," as the prerequisites for this transition from the non-living to the living are very specific. This gives a whole new way of viewing such phenomena as the thermophilic bacterium, as seen in boiling hot springs and deep-ocean hydrothermal vents, or even with hard volcanic rock or Martian meteorites. The slow-growing bionous " ocean muds" such as oolites — sometimes described as a mineral, sometimes as an organism — which precipitate directly out from warming sea-water, are also understood somewhat better from this perspective, of a natural constant bridge between the worlds of the non-living and living.

"..."

Ashland Oregon USA
June 2014

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