Complete roadmap to learn Python and Data Structures & Algorithms (DSA) in 2 months

### Week 1: Introduction to Python

Day 1-2: Basics of Python
- Python setup (installation and IDE setup)
- Basic syntax, variables, and data types
- Operators and expressions

Day 3-4: Control Structures
- Conditional statements (if, elif, else)
- Loops (for, while)

Day 5-6: Functions and Modules
- Function definitions, parameters, and return values
- Built-in functions and importing modules

Day 7: Practice Day
- Solve basic problems on platforms like HackerRank or LeetCode

### Week 2: Advanced Python Concepts

Day 8-9: Data Structures in Python
- Lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries
- List comprehensions and generator expressions

Day 10-11: Strings and File I/O
- String manipulation and methods
- Reading from and writing to files

Day 12-13: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- Classes and objects
- Inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation

Day 14: Practice Day
- Solve intermediate problems on coding platforms

### Week 3: Introduction to Data Structures

Day 15-16: Arrays and Linked Lists
- Understanding arrays and their operations
- Singly and doubly linked lists

Day 17-18: Stacks and Queues
- Implementation and applications of stacks
- Implementation and applications of queues

Day 19-20: Recursion
- Basics of recursion and solving problems using recursion
- Recursive vs iterative solutions

Day 21: Practice Day
- Solve problems related to arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues

### Week 4: Fundamental Algorithms

Day 22-23: Sorting Algorithms
- Bubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort
- Merge sort and quicksort

Day 24-25: Searching Algorithms
- Linear search and binary search
- Applications and complexity analysis

Day 26-27: Hashing
- Hash tables and hash functions
- Collision resolution techniques

Day 28: Practice Day
- Solve problems on sorting, searching, and hashing

### Week 5: Advanced Data Structures

Day 29-30: Trees
- Binary trees, binary search trees (BST)
- Tree traversals (in-order, pre-order, post-order)

Day 31-32: Heaps and Priority Queues
- Understanding heaps (min-heap, max-heap)
- Implementing priority queues using heaps

Day 33-34: Graphs
- Representation of graphs (adjacency matrix, adjacency list)
- Depth-first search (DFS) and breadth-first search (BFS)

Day 35: Practice Day
- Solve problems on trees, heaps, and graphs

### Week 6: Advanced Algorithms

Day 36-37: Dynamic Programming
- Introduction to dynamic programming
- Solving common DP problems (e.g., Fibonacci, knapsack)

Day 38-39: Greedy Algorithms
- Understanding greedy strategy
- Solving problems using greedy algorithms

Day 40-41: Graph Algorithms
- Dijkstra’s algorithm for shortest path
- Kruskal’s and Prim’s algorithms for minimum spanning tree

Day 42: Practice Day
- Solve problems on dynamic programming, greedy algorithms, and advanced graph algorithms

### Week 7: Problem Solving and Optimization

Day 43-44: Problem-Solving Techniques
- Backtracking, bit manipulation, and combinatorial problems

Day 45-46: Practice Competitive Programming
- Participate in contests on platforms like Codeforces or CodeChef

Day 47-48: Mock Interviews and Coding Challenges
- Simulate technical interviews
- Focus on time management and optimization

Day 49: Review and Revise
- Go through notes and previously solved problems
- Identify weak areas and work on them

### Week 8: Final Stretch and Project

Day 50-52: Build a Project
- Use your knowledge to build a substantial project in Python involving DSA concepts

Day 53-54: Code Review and Testing
- Refactor your project code
- Write tests for your project

Day 55-56: Final Practice
- Solve problems from previous contests or new challenging problems

Day 57-58: Documentation and Presentation
- Document your project and prepare a presentation or a detailed report

Day 59-60: Reflection and Future Plan
- Reflect on what you've learned
- Plan your next steps (advanced topics, more projects, etc.)

Best DSA RESOURCES: https://topmate.io/coding/886874

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ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍

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Java vs Python Programming: Quick Comparison ✍

📌 Java Programming
• Strongly typed language
• Object-oriented
• Compiled, runs on JVM

Best fields:
• Backend development
• Enterprise systems
• Android development
• Large-scale applications

Job noscripts:
• Java Developer
• Backend Engineer
• Software Engineer
• Android Developer

Hiring reality:
• Popular in MNCs and legacy systems
• Used in banking and enterprise apps

India salary range:
• Fresher: 4–7 LPA
• Mid-level: 8–18 LPA

Real tasks:
• Build REST APIs
• Backend services
• Android apps
• Large transaction systems

📌 Python Programming
• Dynamically typed
• Simple syntax
• Interpreted language

Best fields:
• Data Analytics
• Data Science
• Machine Learning
• Automation
• Backend development

Job noscripts:
• Python Developer
• Data Analyst
• Data Scientist
• ML Engineer

Hiring reality:
• High demand in startups and AI teams
• Preferred for rapid development

India salary range:
• Fresher: 6–10 LPA
• Mid-level: 12–25 LPA

Real tasks:
• Data analysis noscripts
• ML models
• Automation tools
• APIs with Django or FastAPI

⚔️ Quick comparison
• Data handling: Java focuses on structured systems, Python handles data and files easily
• Speed: Java runs faster in production, Python runs slower but builds faster
• Learning: Java has steep learning curve, Python is beginner-friendly

🎯 Role-based choice
• Backend Developer: Java for scalability, Python for quick APIs
• Data Analyst: Python preferred, Java rarely used
• Data Scientist: Python mandatory, Java optional
• Android Developer: Java required, Python not used

✅ Best career move
• Start with Python for quick entry
• Add Java for strong backend roles
• Pick based on your target job

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Python ❤️
Both 🙏
None 😮

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Few common problems with lot of resumes:

1. 𝐈𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧.
I understand that there are a lot of achievements that we are personally proud of (things like represented school/clg in XYZ competition or school head/class head etc), but not all of them are relevant to technical roles. As a fresher, try to focus more on technical achievements rather than managerial ones.

2. 𝐋𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐨𝐟 𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬.
Many resumes have the same common projects, such as:
Creating just the front-end using HTML and CSS and redirecting all the work to an open-source API (e.g., weather prediction and recipe suggestion apps).

Most common projects are: -
Tic-tac-toe game.
Sorting algorithms visualizers.
To-do application.
Movie listing.

The codes for these projects are often copied and pasted from GitHub repositories.

Projects are like a bounty. If you are prepared well and have quality projects in your resume, you can set the tempo of the interview. It is one of the few questions that you will almost certainly be asked in the interview.

I don't understand why we can spend 2 years preparing for data structures and algorithms (DSA) and competitive programming (CP), but not even 2 weeks to create quality projects.
Even if your resume passes the applicant tracking system (ATS) and recruiter's screening, weak projects can still lead to your rejection in interviews. And this is completely in your hands.

I feel that this topic needs a lot more discussion about the type and quality of projects that one needs. Let me know if you want a dedicated post on this.

3. 𝐋𝐚𝐜𝐤 𝐨𝐟 𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚.
For technical roles, adding quantitative data has a big impact.
For example, instead of saying "I wrote unit tests for service X and reduced the latency of service Y by caching," you can say "I wrote unit tests and increased the code coverage from 80% to 95% of service X and reduced latency from 100 milliseconds to 50 milliseconds of service Y."

🧩 Core Computer Science Concepts

🧠 Big-O Notation
🗂️ Data Structures
🔁 Recursion
🧵 Concurrency vs Parallelism
📦 Memory Management
🔒 Race Conditions
🌐 Networking Basics
⚙️ Operating Systems
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Verifying user identity using methods like login, tokens, or biometrics.

B – Build Tools
Automate tasks like bundling, transpiling, and optimizing code (e.g., Webpack, Vite).

C – CRUD
Create, Read, Update, Delete – the core operations of most web apps.

D – Deployment
Publishing your app to a live server or cloud platform.

E – Environment Variables
Store sensitive data like API keys securely outside your codebase.

F – Frameworks
Tools that simplify development (e.g., React, Express, Django).

G – GraphQL
A query language for APIs that gives clients exactly the data they need.

H – HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
Foundation of data communication on the web.

I – Integration
Connecting different systems or services (e.g., payment gateways, APIs).

J – JWT (JSON Web Token)
Compact way to securely transmit information between parties for authentication.

K – Kubernetes
Tool for automating deployment and scaling of containerized applications.

L – Load Balancer
Distributes incoming traffic across multiple servers for better performance.

M – Middleware
Functions that run during request/response cycles in backend frameworks.

N – NPM (Node Package Manager)
Tool to manage JavaScript packages and dependencies.

O – ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)
Maps database tables to objects in code (e.g., Sequelize, Prisma).

P – PostgreSQL
Powerful open-source relational database system.

Q – Queue
Used for handling background tasks (e.g., RabbitMQ, Redis queues).

R – REST API
Architectural style for designing networked applications using HTTP.

S – Sessions
Store user data across multiple requests (e.g., login sessions).

T – Testing
Ensures your code works as expected (e.g., Jest, Mocha, Cypress).

U – UX (User Experience)
Designing intuitive and enjoyable user interactions.

V – Version Control
Track and manage code changes (e.g., Git, GitHub).

W – WebSockets
Enable real-time communication between client and server.

X – XSS (Cross-Site Scripting)
Security vulnerability where attackers inject malicious noscripts into web pages.

Y – YAML
Human-readable data format often used for configuration files.

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Deploy updates without interrupting the running application.

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These are top 5 data structures and algorithms projects, allowing you to dive deep into the world of DSA 💪🏻

•Project 1: Snakes Game (Arrays)

The Snakes Game project is a classic implementation of the popular game
Snake.

This project allows you to understand the concepts of arrays, loops, and conditional statements. You can further enhance the game by incorporating additional features such as score tracking and power-ups.

•Project 2: Cash Flow Minimizer (Graphs/ Multisets/Heaps)

The Cash Flow Minimizer project involves solving a cash flow optimization problem using graphs, multisets, and heaps. Given a set of transactions among a group of people, the objective is to minimize the total number of transactions required to settle all debts

•Project 3: Sudoku Solver (Backtracking)

The Sudoku Solver project aims to solve the popular Sudoku puzzle using backtracking. This project allows you to understand the backtracking algorithm, which is widely used in solving constraint satisfaction problems.

•Project 4: File Zipper (Greedy Huffman
Encoder)

The File Zipper project focuses on implementing a file compression utility using the Greedy Huffman encoding algorithm. This project provides a practical application of the greedy algorithm and helps you understand the trade-offs between
compression ratio and execution time.

•Project 5: Map Navigator (Dijkstra’s
Algorithm)

The Map Navigator project aims to develop a navigation system using Dijkstra’s algorithm. It involves finding the shortest path between two locations on a map, considering factors such as distance and traffic.

You can check these amazing resources for DSA Preparation

Join for more: https://news.1rj.ru/str/crackingthecodinginterview

All the best 👍👍

Top Coding Domains You Should Explore in 2026 ✅

• Backend Development
Build server-side systems
Handle logic, databases, APIs

Core skills
Languages: Java, Python, Node.js
Databases: MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB
APIs: REST, GraphQL
Auth, caching, scalability
Who fits: Strong logic, system thinking, long-term products

• Frontend Development
Build user interfaces
Focus on user experience

Core skills
HTML, CSS, JavaScript
React, Angular, Vue
State management, browser performance
Who fits: Visual thinkers, UI focus, fast feedback lovers

• Mobile App Development
Build Android and iOS apps

Core skills
Android: Kotlin, Java
iOS: Swift
Flutter, React Native
App lifecycle
Who fits: Mobile-first mindset, product builders, app store focus

• Data Analytics
Turn data into insights

Core skills
SQL, Excel
Python
Power BI, Tableau
Who fits: Business thinkers, numbers-driven minds, decision support roles

• Data Science and ML
Build predictive systems

Core skills
Python
Statistics
Machine learning
Pandas, NumPy, scikit-learn
Who fits: Math interest, research mindset, model builders

• DevOps and Cloud
Deploy and scale systems

Core skills
Linux
AWS, Azure, GCP
Docker, Kubernetes
CI/CD
Who fits: Automation lovers, system reliability focus, high-pressure roles

• Cybersecurity
Protect systems and data

Core skills
Networking
Linux
Security tools
Risk analysis
Who fits: Detail-oriented, defensive mindset, compliance roles

• Game Development
Build interactive games

Core skills
C++, C#
Unity, Unreal
Physics basics, game logic
Who fits: Creative coders, graphics interest, real-time systems

Best career advice
• Pick one domain
• Build real projects
• Learn tools used in jobs
• Switch later if needed

Which domain are you targeting next?

Development 👍
Data ❤️
DevOps/ Cybersecurity 🙏
Still exploring 🫡

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✅ Top 50 DSA (Data Structures & Algorithms) Interview Questions 📚⚙️

1. What is a Data Structure?
2. What are the different types of data structures?
3. What is the difference between Array and Linked List?
4. How does a Stack work?
5. What is a Queue? Difference between Queue and Deque?
6. What is a Priority Queue?
7. What is a Hash Table and how does it work?
8. What is the difference between HashMap and HashSet?
9. What are Trees? Explain Binary Tree.
10. What is a Binary Search Tree (BST)?
11. What is the difference between BFS and DFS?
12. What is a Heap?
13. What is a Trie?
14. What is a Graph?
15. Difference between Directed and Undirected Graph?
16. What is the time complexity of common operations in arrays and linked lists?
17. What is recursion?
18. What are base case and recursive case?
19. What is dynamic programming?
20. Difference between Memoization and Tabulation?
21. What is the Sliding Window technique?
22. Explain Two-Pointer technique.
23. What is the Binary Search algorithm?
24. What is the Merge Sort algorithm?
25. What is the Quick Sort algorithm?
26. Difference between Merge Sort and Quick Sort?
27. What is Insertion Sort and how does it work?
28. What is Selection Sort?
29. What is Bubble Sort and its drawbacks?
30. What is the time and space complexity of sorting algorithms?
31. What is Backtracking?
32. Explain the N-Queens Problem.
33. What is the Kadane's Algorithm?
34. What is Floyd’s Cycle Detection Algorithm?
35. What is the Union-Find (Disjoint Set) algorithm?
36. What are topological sorting and its uses?
37. What is Dijkstra's Algorithm?
38. What is Bellman-Ford Algorithm?
39. What is Kruskal’s Algorithm?
40. What is Prim’s Algorithm?
41. What is Longest Common Subsequence (LCS)?
42. What is Longest Increasing Subsequence (LIS)?
43. What is a Palindrome Substring problem?
44. What is the difference between greedy and dynamic programming?
45. What is Big-O notation?
46. What is the difference between time and space complexity?
47. How to find the time complexity of a recursive function?
48. What are amortized time complexities?
49. What is tail recursion?
50. How do you approach solving a coding problem in interviews?

💬 Tap ❤️ for the detailed answers!