def f(*args, **kwargs):
    return args, kwargs

print(f(1, 2, x=3, y=4))

def make_counter():
    count = 0
    def counter():
        nonlocal count
        count += 1
        return count
    return counter

c = make_counter()
print(c(), c(), c())

def fact(n):
    1 if n == 0 else n * fact(n-1)
    return 1 if n == 0 else n * fact(n-1)
    

print(fact(4))

def make():
    count = 0
    def inner():
        nonlocal count
        count += 1
        return count
    return inner

f = make()
print(f(), end = " ")
print(f(), end = " ")
g = make()
print(g())

from typing import Callable, Optional

def apply(func: Optional[Callable[[int], int]], x: int) -> int:
    if func:
        return func(x)
    return x

print(apply(lambda x: x * 2, 5), end = " ")
print(apply(None, 5))

from functools import wraps

def deco(f):
    @wraps(f)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        """wrapped"""
        return f(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper

@deco
def original():
    """original"""
    pass

print(original.__name__, end =" ")
print(original.__doc__)

import sys

def foo():
    frame = sys._getframe(0)
    return frame.f_code.co_name

print(foo())