Common Data Cleaning Techniques for Data Analysts

Remove Duplicates:

Purpose: Eliminate repeated rows to maintain unique data.

Example: SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table;


Handle Missing Values:

Purpose: Fill, remove, or impute missing data.

Example:

Remove: df.dropna() (in Python/Pandas)

Fill: df.fillna(0)


Standardize Data:

Purpose: Convert data to a consistent format (e.g., dates, numbers).

Example: Convert text to lowercase: df['column'] = df['column'].str.lower()


Remove Outliers:

Purpose: Identify and remove extreme values.

Example: df = df[df['column'] < threshold]


Correct Data Types:

Purpose: Ensure columns have the correct data type (e.g., dates as datetime, numeric values as integers).

Example: df['date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['date'])


Normalize Data:

Purpose: Scale numerical data to a standard range (0 to 1).

Example: from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler; df['scaled'] = MinMaxScaler().fit_transform(df[['column']])


Data Transformation:

Purpose: Transform or aggregate data for better analysis (e.g., log transformations, aggregating columns).

Example: Apply log transformation: df['log_column'] = np.log(df['column'] + 1)


Handle Categorical Data:

Purpose: Convert categorical data into numerical data using encoding techniques.

Example: df['encoded_column'] = pd.get_dummies(df['category_column'])


Impute Missing Values:

Purpose: Fill missing values with a meaningful value (e.g., mean, median, or a specific value).

Example: df['column'] = df['column'].fillna(df['column'].mean())

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10 Steps to Landing a High Paying Job in Data Analytics

1. Learn SQL - joins & windowing functions is most important

2. Learn Excel- pivoting, lookup, vba, macros is must

3. Learn Dashboarding on POWER BI/ Tableau

4. ⁠Learn Python basics- mainly pandas, numpy, matplotlib and seaborn libraries

5. ⁠Know basics of denoscriptive statistics

6. ⁠With AI/ copilot integrated in every tool, know how to use it and add to your projects

7. ⁠Have hands on any 1 cloud platform- AZURE/AWS/GCP

8. ⁠WORK on atleast 2 end to end projects and create a portfolio of it

9. ⁠Prepare an ATS friendly resume & start applying

10. ⁠Attend interviews (you might fail in first 2-3 interviews thats fine),make a list of questions you could not answer & prepare those.

Give more interview to boost your chances through consistent practice & feedback 😄👍

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🌮 Data Analyst Vs Data Engineer Vs Data Scientist 🌮


Skills required to become data analyst
👉 Advanced Excel, Oracle/SQL
👉 Python/R

Skills required to become data engineer
👉 Python/ Java.
👉 SQL, NoSQL technologies like Cassandra or MongoDB
👉 Big data technologies like Hadoop, Hive/ Pig/ Spark

Skills required to become data Scientist
👉 In-depth knowledge of tools like R/ Python/ SAS.
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Bonus skill required: Data Visualization (PowerBI/ Tableau) & Statistics

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2. Pick Up Key Tools & Languages:
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3. Get Formal Education or Certification:
A bachelor’s degree in a relevant field (like Computer Science, Math, or Economics) helps, but you can also do online courses or certifications in data analytics.

4. Build Hands-on Experience:
Work on real-world projects—use Kaggle datasets, internships, or freelance gigs to practice data cleaning, analysis, and visualization.

5. Create a Portfolio:
Showcase your projects on GitHub or a personal website. Include dashboards, reports, and code samples.

6. Develop Soft Skills:
Focus on communication, problem-solving, teamwork, and attention to detail—these are just as important as technical skills.

7. Apply for Entry-Level Jobs:
Look for roles like “Junior Data Analyst” or “Business Analyst.” Tailor your resume to highlight your skills and portfolio.

8. Keep Learning:
Stay updated with new tools (like AI-driven analytics), trends, and advanced topics such as machine learning or domain-specific analytics.

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Data Analyst:
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- Key Responsibilities:
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- Skills Required:
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- Expertise in SQL, Excel, and reporting tools.
- Familiarity with statistical analysis and business intelligence.
- Outcome: Data analysts focus on making sense of data to guide decision-making processes in business, marketing, finance, etc.

Data Engineer:
- Role: Focuses on designing, building, and maintaining the infrastructure that allows data to be stored, processed, and analyzed efficiently.
- Best For: Those who enjoy working with the technical aspects of data management and creating the architecture that supports large-scale data analysis.
- Key Responsibilities:
- Building and managing databases, data warehouses, and data pipelines.
- Developing and maintaining ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes to move data between systems.
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- Skills Required:
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- Outcome: Data engineers focus on creating the infrastructure and pipelines that allow data to flow efficiently into systems where it can be analyzed by data analysts or data scientists.

Data analysts work with the data to extract insights and help make data-driven decisions, while data engineers build the systems and infrastructure that allow data to be stored, processed, and analyzed. Data analysts focus more on business outcomes, while data engineers are more involved with the technical foundation that supports data analysis.

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