☑️Essential SQL Commands & Functions Cheatsheet

Whether you're a beginner or prepping for a system design or data role — mastering these SQL essentials will take you far 💡

⬇️ Here's a quick reference of key SQL operations to know:

➜ SELECT → Retrieve data from a table
➜ WHERE → Filter rows based on condition
➜ GROUP BY → Aggregate rows with same values
➜ HAVING → Filter groups after aggregation
➜ ORDER BY → Sort result by one or more columns
➜ JOIN → Combine rows from multiple tables
➜ UNION → Merge result sets into one
➜ INSERT INTO → Add new data into a table
➜ UPDATE → Modify existing records
➜ DELETE → Remove records
➜ CREATE TABLE → Define a new table
➜ ALTER TABLE → Modify an existing table
➜ DROP TABLE → Delete a table
➜ TRUNCATE TABLE → Remove all records
➜ DISTINCT → Get unique values
➜ LIMIT → Restrict number of results
➜ IN / BETWEEN → Filter by multiple values/ranges
➜ LIKE → Pattern matching
➜ IS NULL → Filter NULL values
➜ COUNT() / SUM() / AVG() → Common aggregate functions

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Hope this helps you 😊