"an equation means nothing to me unless it expresses a thought of God"

Programming

Don't be the person who "never quite understood" something Like recursion.

Best Book: Structure and interpretation of computer programs

Best video lecture: Brian Harvey's Berkeley CS 61A

Structure and interpretation of computer programs

Computer Architecture

If you don't have a solid mental model of how a computer actually works, all of your higher-level abstraction will be brittle.

Best book: computer systems:A Programmer's perspective

Best video lectures: Berkeley CS 61C

Computer systems

Algorithms and Data structures

If you don't know how to use ubiquitous Data structures like stacks, queues, trees, and graphs, you won't be able to solve challenging problems.

Best book: The Algorithm Design Manual

Best video lecture: Steven Skiena's lectures

How to Solve It as an excellent and unique guide to general problem solving; it’s as applicable to computer science as it is to mathematics.

Math for CS

CS is basically a runaway branch of applied math, so learning math will give you a competitive advantages.

Best book: Mathematics for computer science

Best video lectures: Tom leighton's MIT 6.042J