Genetic breakdown for the Early Viking Age Salme Ship Burial samples of Saaremaa, Estonia

Believed to have originated in the Mälaren region of Central Sweden, the Salme ship burial represents one of the earliest known instances of an attempted Viking raid. Most of the individuals aboard these ships appear to have died in battle, likely at the hands of the local Oeselians.

Y-DNA: I1a (x20), R1a (x7), N1c (x7)

right = c('Cameroon_SMA','Russia_Arkhangelsk_Veretye_Mesolithic.SG','Italy_Epigravettian_Tagliente','Russia_Samara_HG','Sweden_Motala_HG','Russia_Tyumen_HG','Turkey_N','Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic','Russia_Khvalynsk_Eneolithic','Russia_CentralYakutia_LN.SG','Russia_KolymaRiver_LN.SG','Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya')

Estimating Neanderthal Admixture in Stone Age Populations

Keep in mind that I haven't done this before, so I may have gotten some things wrong. Overall, the results seem consistent with studies I've read on a few of these samples.

Here's my takeaway;

1. Some IUP samples have genuine extra Neanderthal admixture aside what they'd have from Crown Eurasian. Particularly, Oase 1 has been estimated in studies to have 6-9% Neanderthal admixture from a recent ancestor.

2. Paleolithic and Mesolithic Europeans without supposed "Basal Eurasian" admixture do have slightly more than Middle Eastern stone age populations that supposedly do. However, it doesn't seem like anything that significant. Sometimes the standard errors could have the values overlap when comparing two from either group. It's still possible that Proto-Aurignacians could've encountered some remnant Neanderthals and admixed with them on their way to Europe.

Overall, I still don't see why any of this needs to be explained by Basal Eurasian.

Distal qpadm models for a selection of modern Northern Europeans using the HO dataset

right = c('Cameroon_SMA','Russia_MA1_HG.SG','Turkey_Epipaleolithic','Switzerland_Bichon.SG','Georgia_Satsurblia.SG','Russia_Sidelkino_HG.SG','Turkey_Boncuklu_N','Russia_CentralYakutia_LN.SG','Russia_KolymaRiver_LN.SG')