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Web development
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Web development learning path

Frontend and backend resources.

HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React, APIs and project ideas.

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How To Write a Website Content?
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Difference Between Flutter and React Native?
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HTTP vs HTTPS: Key Difference
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JavaScript Functions Anatomy
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API Gateway 101
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Top Deployment Platforms for Web Developers 🚀💻

1️⃣ Netlify (Best for Frontend & Static Sites)
🔹 Ideal for HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React, Vue 
🔹 Auto-deploys from GitHub/GitLab/Bitbucket 
🔹 Free SSL, custom domains, and CI/CD 
🔹 Built-in form handling, edge functions 
🔹 Great for JAMstack apps

2️⃣ Heroku (Great for Full-Stack Apps)
🔹 Supports Node.js, Python, Ruby, Java, etc. 
🔹 One-click deployment using Git or GitHub 
🔹 Add-ons for PostgreSQL, Redis, etc. 
🔹 Free tier (sleep after inactivity) 
🔹 Useful for MVPs, APIs, backend projects

3️⃣ Vercel (Best for Next.js & Frontend Frameworks) 
🔹 Perfect for React, Next.js, Vue, Svelte 
🔹 Instant preview URLs for every push 
🔹 CDN-based, fast global deployment 
🔹 Git integration with CI/CD 
🔹 Automatic routing & serverless functions

🛠 Other options:
- Render – Full-stack, Postgres, CRON, free tier 
- Firebase Hosting – Realtime apps, auth, DB 
- Railway – Modern UI for backend + DB 
- GitHub Pages – Great for static project portfolios

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Complete 6-month front-end roadmap to crack product-based companies in 2025:

𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗵 𝟭: 𝗙𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗪𝗲𝗯 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗽𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁

Basic HTML
- Form
- Import
- Elements
- Attributes
- Semantics
- Multimedia
- Block element

𝗕𝗮𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗝𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗦𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝘀
- Scope
- Closure
- Functions
- Data types
- Event loop

𝗕𝗮𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗖𝗦𝗦 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝘀
- Box Model
- Pseudo Classes
- Class and other selectors
- CSS type - Flex, Grid, normal

𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗵 𝟮: 𝗔𝗱𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗱 𝗝𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗦𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝘀

- How to center
- Media queries
- Bind/call/apply
- Design and CSS
- Pseudo Elements
- Class and inheritance
- Prototype and prototype chain
- All element states - active, hover

𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗵 𝟯: 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆 & 𝗦𝘁𝘆𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴

- Grid
- DOM
- Mixins
- Flexbox
- CSS constants
- Page Styling Concepts
- Event loop continuation
- Pre-processors - SCSS or LESS

𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗵 𝟰: 𝗔𝗱𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗱 𝗝𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗦𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗣𝗜𝘀

- JWT
- XHR
- Cookie
- WebAPI
- Call stack
- Generators
- Task queue
- Async/await
- Working with Data
- APIs and Communication
- Local storage/Session storage
- REST/GraphQL/Socket connection

𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗵 𝟱: 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘅 𝗪𝗲𝗯 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗽𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗦𝗸𝗶𝗹𝗹𝘀

- CORS
- OOPs concept
- Debugging Application
- Chrome Dev Tool Features
- Understanding V8 in depth
- Front-End Engineering Practices
- Design Patterns (Singleton, Observer, Module, etc.)

𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗵 6: 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗰𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗻 𝗝𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗦𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸

- Routing
- Context API
- Virtual DOM
- React Hooks
- Custom Hooks
- State and Props
- Advanced React
- Introduction JSX
- React Ecosystem
- React Component
- Unit Testing with Jest
- Server-Side Rendering
- Redux/Flux for State Management

Apart from these, I would continuously focus on:

- Typenoscript
- Mocking Data
- Design Patterns in depth
- Understanding Webpack
- Advanced React patterns
- Babel, env, prettier, linter
- Tooling and Optimization
- Basic to advanced concepts for type-safety in JavaScript projects.

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HTML Basics You Must Know 🧱🌐

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the foundation of every web page. It structures content like text, images, links, and forms.

1️⃣ Basic HTML Structure
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <noscript>My First Page</noscript>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello World!</h1>
    <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
  </body>
</html>


Explanation:
<!DOCTYPE html> → Declares HTML5
<html> → Root element
<head> → Info about the page (noscript, meta)
<body> → Visible content

2️⃣ Headings and Paragraphs
<h1>Main Heading</h1>
<h2>Subheading</h2>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>


3️⃣ Links and Images
<a href="https://google.com">Visit Google</a>  
<img src="image.jpg" alt="Image" width="200">


4️⃣ Lists
<ul>
  <li>HTML</li>
  <li>CSS</li>
</ul>

<ol>
  <li>Step 1</li>
  <li>Step 2</li>
</ol>


5️⃣ Tables
<table border="1">
  <tr>
    <th>Name</th>
    <th>Age</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>Alice</td>
    <td>25</td>
  </tr>
</table>


6️⃣ Forms
<form>
  <input type="text" placeholder="Your name">
  <input type="email" placeholder="Your email">
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>


7️⃣ Div & Span
<div> → Block-level container
<span> → Inline container
<div style="background: lightgray;">Box</div>
<span style="color: red;">Text</span>


💡 Practice HTML in a live editor like CodePen or JSFiddle to see instant results!

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CSS Basics You Should Know 🎨💻

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style HTML elements — adding colors, spacing, layout, and more.

1️⃣ CSS Syntax
selector {
  property: value;
}

Example:
h1 {
  color: blue;
  font-size: 32px;
}


2️⃣ How to Add CSS
Inline:
<p style="color: red;">Hello</p>

Internal (within HTML):
<style>
  p { color: green; }
</style>

External (best practice):
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">


3️⃣ Selectors
* → All elements
p → All <p> tags
.class → Elements with class
#id → Element with specific ID
#noscript { color: blue; }.red-text { color: red; }


4️⃣ Colors & Fonts
body {
  background-color: #f2f2f2;
  color: #333;
  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}


5️⃣ Box Model 
Every HTML element is a box: 
content + padding + border + margin

6️⃣ Layout with Flexbox
{
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
}


7️⃣ Responsive Design
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  body {
    font-size: 14px;
  }
}


8️⃣ Hover Effects
button:hover {
  background-color: black;
  color: white;
}


9️⃣ Common Properties
color – Text color
background-color – Background
margin & padding – Spacing
border – Border style
width / height – Size
text-align – Alignment

💡 Tip: Organize your styles using class names and external CSS files for better scalability.

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JavaScript Basics You Should Know 🌐

JavaScript is a noscripting language used to make websites interactive handling user actions, animations, and dynamic content.

1️⃣ Variables & Data Types 
Use let for reassignable variables, const for constants (avoid var due to scoping issues).
let name = "Alex";  
const age = 25;

Data Types: string, number, boolean, object, array, null, undefined.

2️⃣ Functions 
Reusable blocks of code.
function greet(user) {
  return `Hello, ${user}`;
}

Or use arrow functions for concise syntax:
const greet = (user) => `Hello, ${user}`;


3️⃣ Conditionals
if (age > 18) {
  console.log("Adult");
} else {
  console.log("Minor");
}


4️⃣ Loops
for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
  console.log(i);
}


5️⃣ Arrays & Objects
let fruits = ["apple", "banana"];
let person = { name: "John", age: 30 };


6️⃣ DOM Manipulation
document.getElementById("demo").textContent = "Updated!";


7️⃣ Event Listeners
button.addEventListener("click", () => alert("Clicked!"));


8️⃣ Fetch API (Async)
fetch("https://api.example.com").then(res => res.json()).then(data => console.log(data));


9️⃣ ES6 Features
let, const
⦁ Arrow functions
⦁ Template literals: Hello ${name}
⦁ Destructuring: const { name } = person;
⦁ Spread/rest operators: ...fruits

💡 Tip: Practice JS in browser console or use online editors like JSFiddle / CodePen.

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JavaScript Advanced Concepts You Should Know 🔍💻

These concepts separate beginner JS from production-level code. Understanding them helps with async patterns, memory, and modular apps.

1️⃣ Closures 
A function that "closes over" variables from its outer scope, maintaining access even after the outer function returns. Useful for data privacy and state management.
function outer() {
  let count = 0;
  return function inner() {
    count++;
    console.log(count);
  };
}
const counter = outer();
counter(); // 1
counter(); // 2


2️⃣ Promises & Async/Await 
Promises handle async operations; async/await makes them read like sync code. Essential for APIs, timers, and non-blocking I/O.
// Promise chain
fetch(url).then(res => res.json()).then(data => console.log(data)).catch(err => console.error(err));

// Async/Await (cleaner)
async function getData() {
  try {
    const res = await fetch(url);
    const data = await res.json();
    console.log(data);
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err);
  }
}


3️⃣ Hoisting 
Declarations (var, function) are moved to the top of their scope during compilation, but initializations stay put. let/const are block-hoisted but in a "temporal dead zone."
console.log(x); // undefined (hoisted, but not initialized)
var x = 5;

console.log(y); // ReferenceError (temporal dead zone)
let y = 10;


4️⃣ The Event Loop 
JS is single-threaded; the event loop processes the call stack, then microtasks (Promises), then macrotasks (setTimeout). Explains why async code doesn't block.

5️⃣ this Keyword 
Dynamic binding: refers to the object calling the method. Changes with call site, new, or explicit binding.
const obj = {
  name: "Sam",
  greet() {
    console.log(`Hi, I'm ${this.name}`);
  },
};
obj.greet(); // "Hi, I'm Sam"

// In arrow function, this is lexical
const arrowGreet = () => console.log(this.name); // undefined in global


6️⃣ Spread & Rest Operators 
Spread (...) expands iterables; rest collects arguments into arrays.
const nums = [1, 2, 3];
const more = [...nums, 4]; // [1, 2, 3, 4]

function sum(...args) {
  return args.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0);
}
sum(1, 2, 3); // 6


7️⃣ Destructuring 
Extract values from arrays/objects into variables.
const person = { name: "John", age: 30 };
const { name, age } = person; // name = "John", age = 30

const arr = [1, 2, 3];
const [first, second] = arr; // first = 1, second = 2


8️⃣ Call, Apply, Bind 
Explicitly set 'this' context. Call/apply invoke immediately; bind returns a new function.
function greet() {
  console.log(`Hi, I'm ${this.name}`);
}
greet.call({ name: "Tom" }); // "Hi, I'm Tom"

const boundGreet = greet.bind({ name: "Alice" });
boundGreet(); // "Hi, I'm Alice"


9️⃣ IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression) 
Self-executing function to create private scope, avoiding globals.
(function() {
  console.log("Runs immediately");
  let privateVar = "hidden";
})();


🔟 Modules (import/export) 
ES6 modules for code organization and dependency management.
// math.js
export const add = (a, b) => a + b;
export default function multiply(a, b) { return a * b; }

// main.js
import multiply, { add } from './math.js';
console.log(add(2, 3)); // 5


💡 Practice these in a Node.js REPL or browser console to see how they interact.

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Git Basics You Should Know 🛠️📁

Git is a version control system used to track changes in your code, collaborate with others, and manage project history efficiently.

1️⃣ What is Git?
Git lets you save snapshots of your code, go back to previous versions, and collaborate with teams without overwriting each other’s work. 📸

2️⃣ Install & Setup Git
git --version # Check if Git is installed
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "you@example.com"

3️⃣ Initialize a Repository
git init # Start a new local Git repo 🚀

4️⃣ Basic Workflow
git add . # Stage all changes
git commit -m "Message" # Save a snapshot 💾
git push # Push to remote (like GitHub) ☁️

5️⃣ Check Status & History
git status # See current changes 🚦
git log # View commit history 📜

6️⃣ Clone a Repo
git clone https://github.com/username/repo.git 👯

7️⃣ Branching
git branch feature-x # Create a branch 🌳
git checkout feature-x # Switch to it ↔️
git merge feature-x # Merge with main branch 🤝

8️⃣ Undo Mistakes ↩️
git checkout -- file.txt # Discard changes
git reset HEAD~1 # Undo last commit (local)
git revert <commit_id> # Revert commit (safe)

9️⃣ Working with GitHub
– Create repo on GitHub
– Link local repo:
git remote add origin <repo_url>
git push -u origin main

🔟 Git Best Practices
– Commit often with clear messages
– Use branches for features/bugs 💡
– Pull before push 🔄
– Never commit sensitive data 🔒

💡 Tip: Use GitHub Desktop or VS Code Git UI if CLI feels hard at first.

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sup $ sub in HTML
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💻 React Developers gather around...

This website lets you learn different React concepts through interactive visualizations instead of walls of text.

Things like state, rendering, hooks, and component behavior are shown visually, so it’s easier to understand what’s actually happening.

If you’re learning React or teaching it to others, this makes complex concepts click much faster :)

Source 🔗: https://react.gg/visualized
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