Russia’s interests in the NSR can be viewed from strategic and geopolitical perspectives. The Arctic was seen as a barrier region, inaccessible through marine transportation with great natural defense capabilities (Mackinder, 1919: 54). Nonetheless, in the 21st Century, the Arctic Ocean is opening to transportation, practically year-round in some parts (Balão, 2016: 133). Indeed, the interest in commercial shipping through the NSR is increasing, which will, according to Bai, “...result in the proliferation of shipping activity in the region” (2015: 698).
An international voyage through the NSR can be reduced by up to 40% when compared to the Suez Canal (Figure 4) (Todorov, 2017: 62). For instance, an international transit through the NSR between the ports of Hamburg (Germany) and Shanghai (China) will save a week of voyage, be risk-free from piracy, and save more than half a million dollars in fuel (Gavrilov, 2015: 256).
Global warming has increased the strategic importance of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (henceforth AZRF) as the recent official Russian documents show: (i) “Foundations of the Russian Federation’s State Policy in the Arctic for the Period to 2035” (Putin, 2020a) (henceforth Arctic Policy); and (ii) “Strategy of Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and the Provision of National Security for the Period to 2035” (Putin, 2020b) (henceforth Arctic Strategy). These documents describe Russian interests in defense, mineral resources, and maritime transportation, as well as environmental, social, and sustainable development issues (Putin, 2020a).
An international voyage through the NSR can be reduced by up to 40% when compared to the Suez Canal (Figure 4) (Todorov, 2017: 62). For instance, an international transit through the NSR between the ports of Hamburg (Germany) and Shanghai (China) will save a week of voyage, be risk-free from piracy, and save more than half a million dollars in fuel (Gavrilov, 2015: 256).
Global warming has increased the strategic importance of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (henceforth AZRF) as the recent official Russian documents show: (i) “Foundations of the Russian Federation’s State Policy in the Arctic for the Period to 2035” (Putin, 2020a) (henceforth Arctic Policy); and (ii) “Strategy of Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and the Provision of National Security for the Period to 2035” (Putin, 2020b) (henceforth Arctic Strategy). These documents describe Russian interests in defense, mineral resources, and maritime transportation, as well as environmental, social, and sustainable development issues (Putin, 2020a).
Forwarded from Israel Gaza Palestine War Fake Bullshit News and Videos - Noticias y vídeos falsos - Fausses nouvelles / Connerie - Blödsinn
How can 🇪🇺 countries be neutral, if at the end they are influenced by many factor like gas import ..
Until recently, Israel was a net importer of fossil fuels, importing almost all of its oil and gas needs. Oil exploration has continued in Israel since the discovery of the first well in 1947, but today imported oil meets over 99% of the domestic oil demand. However, recent discoveries of offshore natural gas reserves have transformed Israel from being a net importer to a self-sufficient and an exporter of natural gas. https://perma.cc/5E5P-N9LZ
Last year, the European Union imported around 155 billion cubic meters (bcm) of gas from Russia, amounting to 45% of all its gas imports, according to the International Energy Agency.
Israel currently has two working natural gas fields, Tamar and the bigger and newer Leviathan. https://perma.cc/2RG9-GXZH
Israel Agrees to Export More Natural Gas to Egypt, Lifting Potential LNG Supply for Europe https://perma.cc/SPJ4-7BSE
Israel is inching closer to finalizing plans for exporting natural gas to Europe, with a decision on transportation route expected within the next three to six months, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on Monday after meeting with his Greek and Cypriot counterparts https://perma.cc/UA8S-NZNW
Global uncertainties are fuelling the increase, after US oil giant Chevron Corp stopped production at its offshore Tamar natural gas field near Israel's northern coast, as the Israeli-Hamas conflict intensifies https://perma.cc/N4TY-7HUY
Chevron Shuts Down Israel Gas Field on Government’s Request https://perma.cc/8U55-6WJ6
LET WE SAY THINGS HOW THEY ARE, OUR POLITICIANS ARE JUST A GREAT MAFIA! with personal / financial interest influencing their decisions too, like we said previously.
Greenpeace jointly files FTC complaint against Chevron https://perma.cc/6WGJ-QKX9
International environmental groups unite to warn Israel against Chevron https://perma.cc/S34N-ERJZ
La resurrezione del gasdotto Eastmed https://perma.cc/4PUX-64S9
https://perma.cc/ZLT7-YFJE
Until recently, Israel was a net importer of fossil fuels, importing almost all of its oil and gas needs. Oil exploration has continued in Israel since the discovery of the first well in 1947, but today imported oil meets over 99% of the domestic oil demand. However, recent discoveries of offshore natural gas reserves have transformed Israel from being a net importer to a self-sufficient and an exporter of natural gas. https://perma.cc/5E5P-N9LZ
Last year, the European Union imported around 155 billion cubic meters (bcm) of gas from Russia, amounting to 45% of all its gas imports, according to the International Energy Agency.
Israel currently has two working natural gas fields, Tamar and the bigger and newer Leviathan. https://perma.cc/2RG9-GXZH
Israel Agrees to Export More Natural Gas to Egypt, Lifting Potential LNG Supply for Europe https://perma.cc/SPJ4-7BSE
Israel is inching closer to finalizing plans for exporting natural gas to Europe, with a decision on transportation route expected within the next three to six months, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on Monday after meeting with his Greek and Cypriot counterparts https://perma.cc/UA8S-NZNW
Global uncertainties are fuelling the increase, after US oil giant Chevron Corp stopped production at its offshore Tamar natural gas field near Israel's northern coast, as the Israeli-Hamas conflict intensifies https://perma.cc/N4TY-7HUY
Chevron Shuts Down Israel Gas Field on Government’s Request https://perma.cc/8U55-6WJ6
LET WE SAY THINGS HOW THEY ARE, OUR POLITICIANS ARE JUST A GREAT MAFIA! with personal / financial interest influencing their decisions too, like we said previously.
Greenpeace jointly files FTC complaint against Chevron https://perma.cc/6WGJ-QKX9
International environmental groups unite to warn Israel against Chevron https://perma.cc/S34N-ERJZ
La resurrezione del gasdotto Eastmed https://perma.cc/4PUX-64S9
https://perma.cc/ZLT7-YFJE
This media is not supported in your browser
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
We don't need to forget the shit behind Chevron! and all such 💩 companies, where the end goal is just making money, giving a shit to human, animal and planet rights! @MissionWillowProject
our projects in israel https://perma.cc/D7TM-AD7C
Big oil spent over €250 lobbying the EU - Greenpeace European Unit https://perma.cc/ZLT7-YFJE
At Chevron, we strive to minimize the environmental impact of our activity ... yes sure ... https://perma.cc/8CBG-EHBQ
what is natural gas? https://perma.cc/DF2Z-TAST
Natural gas is a bridge to climate and nature disaster https://perma.cc/88LN-UPHJ
The five natural gas mis-truths
The first fact is natural gas combustion does indeed emit less carbon than coal. The IEA’s analysis suggests that on average, coal-to-gas switching reduces emissions by 50% when producing electricity and by 33% when providing heat. But the reality is that even though it emits less, it still emits. Whereas, renewables do not.
@WWFFacts
Natural gas emits less carbon dioxide than coal and other fossil fuels. This has led to widespread support for replacing other fossil fuels with methane, the main component of natural gas. There’s only one catch—methane is actually a far more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide https://perma.cc/879K-MNQF
Natural Gas & Climate Change: A Bridge to Nowhere https://perma.cc/KF79-TKY5
Environmental Impacts of Natural Gas https://perma.cc/35R7-4PMB
Natural gas could warm the planet as much as coal in the short term https://perma.cc/Q3PD-K97B
Is natural gas really the bridge fuel the world needs?
Natural gas is a cleaner fuel in the sense that burning it produces fewer conventional air pollutants, like sulfur dioxide and particulates, than does burning coal or oil. How much more depends on the characteristics of the fuel, the combustion technology, how well equipment is maintained and operated, and other factors BUT! ..... https://perma.cc/DRT8-SQX6
@PollutionFacts
our projects in israel https://perma.cc/D7TM-AD7C
Big oil spent over €250 lobbying the EU - Greenpeace European Unit https://perma.cc/ZLT7-YFJE
At Chevron, we strive to minimize the environmental impact of our activity ... yes sure ... https://perma.cc/8CBG-EHBQ
what is natural gas? https://perma.cc/DF2Z-TAST
Natural gas is a bridge to climate and nature disaster https://perma.cc/88LN-UPHJ
The five natural gas mis-truths
The first fact is natural gas combustion does indeed emit less carbon than coal. The IEA’s analysis suggests that on average, coal-to-gas switching reduces emissions by 50% when producing electricity and by 33% when providing heat. But the reality is that even though it emits less, it still emits. Whereas, renewables do not.
@WWFFacts
Natural gas emits less carbon dioxide than coal and other fossil fuels. This has led to widespread support for replacing other fossil fuels with methane, the main component of natural gas. There’s only one catch—methane is actually a far more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide https://perma.cc/879K-MNQF
Natural Gas & Climate Change: A Bridge to Nowhere https://perma.cc/KF79-TKY5
Environmental Impacts of Natural Gas https://perma.cc/35R7-4PMB
Natural gas could warm the planet as much as coal in the short term https://perma.cc/Q3PD-K97B
Is natural gas really the bridge fuel the world needs?
Natural gas is a cleaner fuel in the sense that burning it produces fewer conventional air pollutants, like sulfur dioxide and particulates, than does burning coal or oil. How much more depends on the characteristics of the fuel, the combustion technology, how well equipment is maintained and operated, and other factors BUT! ..... https://perma.cc/DRT8-SQX6
@PollutionFacts
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
UNwelcoming Statoil and Chevron
Backup by @MissionWillowProject
A @grttme project - Other backups: https://swiy.co/tgme
Backup by @MissionWillowProject
A @grttme project - Other backups: https://swiy.co/tgme
This media is not supported in your browser
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
The Biden administration approved three drilling sites for the Willow project. #shorts
Backup by @MissionWillowProject
A @grttme project - Other backups: https://swiy.co/tgme
Backup by @MissionWillowProject
A @grttme project - Other backups: https://swiy.co/tgme
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
Das Willow Projekt | DIE WAHRHEIT
Remember, it's not just politicians that give a shit to all
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/460
but even normal people. Most did that with Willow Project too
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TTokFreaks/1500
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TTokFreaks/1215
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TTokFreaks/1266
remember that watching a video and doing something is HUGE different!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/FactsTelegramChannels/42
This video is great and talk about the same things we said previously
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/408
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/261
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/291
https://news.1rj.ru/str/grannouncements/333
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TTokFreaks/1296
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/387
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/334
etc.
And this is not just about climate change, war, etc. but about everything!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/RedditBlackout/140
https://news.1rj.ru/str/RedditBlackout/141
We simply live in a world where people give a shit to all!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/GenRevolutionOfficial/211
Backup by @MissionWillowProject
A @grttme project - Other backups: https://swiy.co/tgme
Remember, it's not just politicians that give a shit to all
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/460
but even normal people. Most did that with Willow Project too
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TTokFreaks/1500
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TTokFreaks/1215
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TTokFreaks/1266
remember that watching a video and doing something is HUGE different!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/FactsTelegramChannels/42
This video is great and talk about the same things we said previously
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/408
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/261
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/291
https://news.1rj.ru/str/grannouncements/333
https://news.1rj.ru/str/TTokFreaks/1296
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/387
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/334
etc.
And this is not just about climate change, war, etc. but about everything!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/RedditBlackout/140
https://news.1rj.ru/str/RedditBlackout/141
We simply live in a world where people give a shit to all!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/GenRevolutionOfficial/211
Backup by @MissionWillowProject
A @grttme project - Other backups: https://swiy.co/tgme
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
Norway wants to begin deep sea mining in the Arctic: Here is why it’s a bad idea
https://news.1rj.ru/str/NorgeTelegramFreaks/24
https://news.1rj.ru/str/NorgeTelegramFreaks/25
https://news.1rj.ru/str/NorgeTelegramFreaks/37
https://news.1rj.ru/str/NorgeTelegramFreaks/51
https://news.1rj.ru/str/NorgeTelegramFreaks/53
https://news.1rj.ru/str/NorgeTelegramFreaks/55
https://news.1rj.ru/str/NorgeTelegramFreaks/57
etc.
Backup by @MissionWillowProject
A @grttme project - Other backups: https://swiy.co/tgme
https://news.1rj.ru/str/NorgeTelegramFreaks/24
https://news.1rj.ru/str/NorgeTelegramFreaks/25
https://news.1rj.ru/str/NorgeTelegramFreaks/37
https://news.1rj.ru/str/NorgeTelegramFreaks/51
https://news.1rj.ru/str/NorgeTelegramFreaks/53
https://news.1rj.ru/str/NorgeTelegramFreaks/55
https://news.1rj.ru/str/NorgeTelegramFreaks/57
etc.
Backup by @MissionWillowProject
A @grttme project - Other backups: https://swiy.co/tgme
When people just think about 🇵🇸 Gaza and 🇮🇱 ignoring the other real war happening between Hamas and Israel since years. Ignored by most people ...
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/702
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/703
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/704
More
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/702
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/703
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/704
More
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution
Media is too big
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
חודש לאחר אסון הנפט במאוריציוס, גופות דולפינים נשטפו לחופי האי
THIS is the behind the scene of oil shit
Backup by @MissionWillowProject
A @grttme project - Other backups: https://swiy.co/tgme
THIS is the behind the scene of oil shit
Backup by @MissionWillowProject
A @grttme project - Other backups: https://swiy.co/tgme
Forwarded from Facts behind Israel and the war no one is sharing you : Renewable Energy / Climate Change Pollution / Natural Disasters
Facts behind Israel Part 1
Despite the financial crisis and the repercussions of the Arab Spring, the military expenditures of Greece, Turkey, Israel and Egypt have basically remained constant and in the case of Israel practically doubled (see Table 1).
The third country participating in EastMed, Israel, brings a different set of security risks to the table. While there has been some rapprochement between Israel and its neighbouring states, it remains locked in con ict with regional military powers, such as Iran and Syria. Of cially, Israel is still at war with neighbouring Lebanon, where the armed group Hezbollah, backed by Iran, is a declared enemy of the state of Israel.
In addition, Israel faces armed opposition from Hamas, operating mainly from the Palestine territories (Gaza and West Bank). While it is difficult to assess their actual military capabilities, both armed groups have demonstrated their willingness and ability to target critical infrastructure.
Hezbollah, in particular, is assumed to have acquired weapons capable of targeting offshore platforms. During the Israel- Lebanon war in 2006, Hezbollah already successfully red a Chinese C-802 anti-ship missile, damaging an Israeli Sa’ar 5 corvette.
Israel claims that Hezbollah is even developing new supersonic land-to-sea missiles itself and possesses unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). According to Israel, Hamas has set up a naval commando unit in preparation for attacking targets at sea.
While a considerable distance away from the shore, there have been several attempted attacks by Hamas on the Tamar drilling platform since 2019 according to Israel.
The last missile attacks were reported in May 2021, leading to a temporary shut-down of the drilling rig.
Despite the financial crisis and the repercussions of the Arab Spring, the military expenditures of Greece, Turkey, Israel and Egypt have basically remained constant and in the case of Israel practically doubled (see Table 1).
The third country participating in EastMed, Israel, brings a different set of security risks to the table. While there has been some rapprochement between Israel and its neighbouring states, it remains locked in con ict with regional military powers, such as Iran and Syria. Of cially, Israel is still at war with neighbouring Lebanon, where the armed group Hezbollah, backed by Iran, is a declared enemy of the state of Israel.
In addition, Israel faces armed opposition from Hamas, operating mainly from the Palestine territories (Gaza and West Bank). While it is difficult to assess their actual military capabilities, both armed groups have demonstrated their willingness and ability to target critical infrastructure.
Hezbollah, in particular, is assumed to have acquired weapons capable of targeting offshore platforms. During the Israel- Lebanon war in 2006, Hezbollah already successfully red a Chinese C-802 anti-ship missile, damaging an Israeli Sa’ar 5 corvette.
Israel claims that Hezbollah is even developing new supersonic land-to-sea missiles itself and possesses unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). According to Israel, Hamas has set up a naval commando unit in preparation for attacking targets at sea.
While a considerable distance away from the shore, there have been several attempted attacks by Hamas on the Tamar drilling platform since 2019 according to Israel.
The last missile attacks were reported in May 2021, leading to a temporary shut-down of the drilling rig.
Forwarded from Facts behind Israel and the war no one is sharing you : Renewable Energy / Climate Change Pollution / Natural Disasters
Facts behind Israel Part 2
Part 1 https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/702
The last missile attacks were reported in May 2021...
In June 2022, Hezbollah released video footage showing an Israeli drilling platform in its targeting sights. According to the Israeli Navy, three unarmed drones, presumably launched by Hezbollah, were shot down as they approached the drilling platform of the Greek Energean company at the Karish gas field in July 2022.
Currently, though, the situation seems to have deescalated. On 27.10.2022, both Israel and Lebanon agreed to set their dispute aside and permit exploration and extraction at the Karish/Qana gas field.
The fundamental differences between Israel on the one side and Hamas and Hezbollah on the other are likely to outweigh shares in the pro ts from gas production. Even if both are connected in some way to the respective parties now cooperating with Israel on fossil gas exploitation, they will pursue their own agendas aiming for higher stakes than shares in gas extraction.64 Drilling platforms remain potential targets for these groups to threaten Israel. An offshore gas drilling platform can be severely damaged even by an unarmed commercial marine vessel ramming into it.
Specifically, oil and gas exploration and development causes disruption of migratory pathways, degradation of important animal habitats, and oil spills—which can be devastating to the animals and humans who depend on these ecosystems.
Oil and gas operations could release many tons of harmful pollutants into the air and discharge dangerous chemicals into the water, thereby degrading the clean air and water that polar bears, whales, walrus—and humans—depend on for survival.
Excessive ocean noise from oil and gas exploration and drilling could cause injury, confusion, and even death.
AND THIS EXACTLY HAPPENED!!!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution/139
More https://perma.cc/7EQ2-LSXW
How would offshore oil and gas drilling in the Arctic impact wildlife? https://perma.cc/26S9-PE69
Part 1 https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelWarBullshit/702
The last missile attacks were reported in May 2021...
In June 2022, Hezbollah released video footage showing an Israeli drilling platform in its targeting sights. According to the Israeli Navy, three unarmed drones, presumably launched by Hezbollah, were shot down as they approached the drilling platform of the Greek Energean company at the Karish gas field in July 2022.
Currently, though, the situation seems to have deescalated. On 27.10.2022, both Israel and Lebanon agreed to set their dispute aside and permit exploration and extraction at the Karish/Qana gas field.
The fundamental differences between Israel on the one side and Hamas and Hezbollah on the other are likely to outweigh shares in the pro ts from gas production. Even if both are connected in some way to the respective parties now cooperating with Israel on fossil gas exploitation, they will pursue their own agendas aiming for higher stakes than shares in gas extraction.64 Drilling platforms remain potential targets for these groups to threaten Israel. An offshore gas drilling platform can be severely damaged even by an unarmed commercial marine vessel ramming into it.
Specifically, oil and gas exploration and development causes disruption of migratory pathways, degradation of important animal habitats, and oil spills—which can be devastating to the animals and humans who depend on these ecosystems.
Oil and gas operations could release many tons of harmful pollutants into the air and discharge dangerous chemicals into the water, thereby degrading the clean air and water that polar bears, whales, walrus—and humans—depend on for survival.
Excessive ocean noise from oil and gas exploration and drilling could cause injury, confusion, and even death.
AND THIS EXACTLY HAPPENED!!!
https://news.1rj.ru/str/IsraelPollution/139
More https://perma.cc/7EQ2-LSXW
How would offshore oil and gas drilling in the Arctic impact wildlife? https://perma.cc/26S9-PE69