Levels of analysis in systems neuroscience

در این ارائه، کوشش کردم تا برخی از سطوح آنالیزی در علوم اعصاب سیستمی را بشناسانم. مواردی که به آن اشاره کردم:

Single neuron analysis (e.g. peri-stimulus (event) time histogram, spike density);

Identification of functional cell types from extracellular activity

Pairwise cell analysis (e,g. cofiring, cross-correlogram)

Population analysis: spectrolaminar analysis, dynamic interareal interaction, spike-LFP coherence,

Spike population analysis (e.g. synchronous activity, population burst events, cell assemblies)

هدف از ارائه آشنایی با این مفاهیم بوده است و نه انتقال دانش عملی و از این رو برای کسانی که علاقه مند به آشنایی با این آنالیزها هستند مفید خواهد بود.

#neurosyntax

اسلاید ها

Levels of analysis in systems neuroscience

در این ارائه، کوشش کردم تا برخی از سطوح آنالیزی در علوم اعصاب سیستمی را بشناسانم. مواردی که به آن اشاره کردم:

Single neuron analysis (e.g. peri-stimulus (event) time histogram, spike density);

Identification of functional cell types from extracellular activity

Pairwise cell analysis (e,g. cofiring, cross-correlogram)

Population analysis: spectrolaminar analysis, dynamic interareal interaction, spike-LFP coherence,

Spike population analysis (e.g. synchronous activity, population burst events, cell assemblies)

هدف از ارائه آشنایی با این مفاهیم بوده است و نه انتقال دانش عملی و از این رو برای کسانی که علاقه مند به آشنایی با این آنالیزها هستند مفید خواهد بود.

#neurosyntax

مقاله:
Diversity of information pathways drives sparsity in real-world networks

صفحه شخصی آرشام:
https://www.instagram.com/arsham_ghavasieh/?hl=en

در این جلسه به تعریف ویژگی های سیستم و انواع آن پرداختیم و به صورت ویژه بر روی سیستم های پیچیده تمرکز کردیم.

What is a system?
Interaction
How can we Categorize Systems?
Simple Systems
Complex Systems
The organization of complex systems
Nearly Decomposable Systems
The evolution of complex systems
Disorder and Robust order


از مجموعه جلسات دوره
Complexity, dynamics, and control in biological systems

ارائه دهنده: سامان عباس پور

مقالات کلیدی:

What is a complex system? Ladyman et al., 2013

The Architecture of Complexity, Herbert A. Simon

What is a complex system?

#ComplexityDynamicsControl

پیشگفتاری بر سیستم های کنترلی و معماری آنها

Feedback Control
Feedforward Control

ارائه دهنده: Parastoo Sodeifi

از مجموعه جلسات دوره
Complexity, dynamics, and control in biological systems


ارائه های مرتبط:
https://news.1rj.ru/str/Neuro_Syntax/1132

(* برای صدای خودم طی جلسه پوزش میخوام. بیمار بودم و گلوم گرفته بود.)

#ComplexityDynamicsControl
#neurosyntax

پیشگفتاری بر دوره سیستم های دینامیکی و معادلات دیفرانسیل

What are differential equations and how do we use them to study dynamical systems?

What are dynamical systems?

Concepts: Derivative, Phase Space, Stability, Bifurcation, Model Discovery

ارائه دهنده: سامان عباسپور

از مجموعه جلسات دوره
Complexity, dynamics, and control in biological systems

#neurosyntax
#ComplexityDynamicsControl

جلسه دوم معادلات دیفرانسیل و سیستم های دینامیکی

Relationships and functions

Power Series

Representation of functions by Power Series

Derivatives

Differential Equations and their classification

Solving first- and second-order linear ordinary homogeneous differential equations

Deriving Euler's formula from Power Series

#CODAC
COmplex Dynamics And Control

#ComplexityDynamicsControl

#neurosyntax

Relationships and functions

Power Series

Representation of functions by Power Series

Derivatives

Differential Equations and their classification

Solving first- and second-order linear ordinary homogeneous differential equations

Deriving Euler's formula from Power Series

#CODAC
COmplex Dynamics And Control

#neurosyntax

حدود یک سال پیش ما مجموعه جلسات فلسفه علوم اعصاب رو داشتیم که درباره بدنه فکری علوم اعصاب بحث میکردیم و در کنار به محتوای بنیادی تری از فلسفه هم پرداختیم. هر چند ماه هاست از جلسات میگذره ولی من هر از گاهی به این ویدیوها ارجاع میدم. این ویدیو رو فکر نمیکنم پیشتر در کانال گذاشته باشم.

در این جلسه درباره انواع تئوری هایی که برای حقیقت (Truth) وجود داره صحبت کردیم و به صورت کلی دو نوع تفکر رو نسبت به این واژه و معناش بررسی کردیم:

The Corresponding Theory of Truth
The Pragmatic Theory of Truth

تئوری دیگری هم وجود داره بنام The Coherence Theory of Theories که فکر میکنم در جلسه کمتر بررسی شد ولی میتونید جستجو کنید و مطالعه کنید.

از مجموعه جلسات فلسفه علوم اعصاب
ارائه دهنده: سامان عباسپور

#neurosyntax
#philosophy
#neurosyntax

محتوای تمام جلسات ضبط و در تاپیک Recording کانال فلسفه علوم اعصاب قرار گرفته:

https://news.1rj.ru/str/+Mqjp2e5OgMJmMmY0

جلسه سوم معادلات دیفرانسیل و سامانه های پویا

* How to solve Nth-order linear ODEs
* A primer to linear algebra
— Matrix, Vector, Matrix Operations, Determinant, Matrix system of equations
* Matrix exponential
* Eigendecomposition


#CODAC
COmplex Dynamics And Control

#neurosyntax

#ComplexityDynamicsControl

جلسه سوم معادلات دیفرانسیل و سامانه های پویا

* How to solve Nth-order linear ODEs
* A primer to linear algebra
— Matrix, Vector, Matrix Operations, Determinant, Matrix system of equations
* Matrix exponential
* Eigendecomposition


#CODAC
COmplex Dynamics And Control

#ComplexityDynamicsControl #neurosyntax

جلسه چهارم معادلات دیفرانسیل و سامانه های پویا

Geometric Interpretation (the qualitative theory of) of Dynamical Systems
Phase Portrait
Terminology: Fixed point, Steady State, Equilibrium
Terminology: Nullcline
Fixed points and stability
Linear Stability Analysis
Terminology: Vector fields - Trajectories
A quick guide to sketching phase planes and qualitative Analysis
Classification of Phase Portraits

#CODAC
COmplex Dynamics And Control

#neurosyntax

#ComplexityDynamicsControl

جلسه چهارم معادلات دیفرانسیل و سامانه های پویا

Geometric Interpretation (the qualitative theory of) of Dynamical Systems
Phase Portrait
Terminology: Fixed point, Steady State, Equilibrium
Terminology: Nullcline
Fixed points and stability
Linear Stability Analysis
Terminology: Vector fields - Trajectories
A quick guide to sketching phase planes and qualitative Analysis
Classification of Phase Portraits

#CODAC
COmplex Dynamics And Control

#neurosyntax

#ComplexityDynamicsControl

درود، میخوام یک بازی فکری-پژوهشی در کانال راه اندازی کنم. فکر کنید که تعدادی آدم فضایی با امکانات مهندسی بالایی به زمین آمدن و از جمعیت پژوهشگران علوم اعصاب میخوان که بهشون 10 گزاره بنیادی درباره ساختار-عملکرد-دینامیک سیستم عصبی/بدن ارائه بدن تا این آدم فضایی ها بتونن چیزی مشابه سیستم های عصبی ارگانیک بسازن. بیش از 10 گزاره نمیشه به اینها داد.

امروز داشتم قدم میزدم و به این پرسش فکر میکردم که چه 10 گزاره ای به اینها خواهم داد و هنوز درباره انتخاب هام مطمئن نیستم. اما ایده ای که به ذهنم رسید این بود که گزاره هایی که اگر برقرار بشن بتونن تعداد بیشتری اصول دیگر رو درباره مغز پدیدار بیارن احتمالا مقدم هستند بر گزاره های سطح بالایی که این قدرت رو ندارن. برای مثال به دو گزاره پایین فکر کنید:

Neural circuits oscillate in different ranges of frequencies.

من میتونم این گزاره رو بدم ولی خب گزاره دیگری وجود داره که اگر بدم این سطح رو هم در بر میگیره در کنار اطلاعات دیگری که میده. این گزاره است:

In the nervous system, inhibitory and excitatory neurons have domain-specific (compartmentalized) synaptic connectivity.

از نظر من برای این هدفی که داریم، گزاره دوم بر گزاره نخست مقدم هست. چون اگر نورون های مهاری-تهییجی مختلف رو به شکل های مختلف به هم وصل کنیم نوسانات ازش به صورت ویژگی ای پدیداری بروز میکنه.


حالا بازی این هست که این گزاره ها رو پیشنهاد کنیم و در طول زمان به گزاره های بنیادی تری برسیم که گستره بیشتری از ویژگی های سیستم عصبی رو در خودشون قرار میدن. به صورتی که اگر سیستم با این ده ویژگی بسازیم بسیاری از ویژگی های دیگر مغز ازش بروز کنه. حالا من چندین گزاره مینویسم. این گزاره ها اولویت بندی نیستن و به عنوان پایه ای هستن که تغییر کنن. میتونید گزاره های خودتون رو پیشنهاد کنید و یا گزاره های جایگزین دربرگیرنده بهتری ارائه بدید.

هر هفته بر مبنای پاسخ هایی که ارائه بدید من این گزاره ها رو بروزرسانی میکنم.

1 - The brain operates as a modular network.

2 - The nervous system is composed of a variety of cell types such as different types of neurons and glia, each characterized by unique genetic and molecular identities.

3 - There are two broad categories of neurons, inhibitory and excitatory, which have unique domain-specific (compartmentalized) synaptic connections with each other in different circuits.

4 - Neurons have broadly two modes of activity, a continuous subthreshold voltage fluctuation, and a discrete spiking activity.

5 - Neurons exhibit various patterns of spiking activity, such as bursting and regular spiking, constrained by their refractory periods.

6 - The synaptic connectivity profile between neurons can change (synaptic plasticity) leading to the strengthening or weakening of the direct interaction

7 - To maintain stability, the nervous system regulates synaptic plasticity through homeostatic mechanisms.

8 - Brain activity is predominantly self-organized, driven by the system's intrinsic biophysical properties to spontaneously generate activity, though it can also be influenced by external stimuli.

9 -The brain functions as a control system organized in both hierarchical and heterarchical manners, featuring extensive feedback loops.

10 - The brain is embedded and embodied (brain functionality is integrated with bodily dynamics, demonstrating coordination between neural and physical actions.)


با این هشتگ میتونید پست های بروزرسانی شده رو دنبال کنید.

#NeuralPrinciples #Part1

من از چت جی پی تی 4 همین سوال بالا رو پرسیدم و ازش خواستم که 10 مبانی عصبی خودش رو بهم بده. این پاسخ چت جی پی تی هست:

Creating a system that approximates the dynamics and function of the brain involves understanding and implementing core principles that underlie its operation. Here are ten neural principles that could guide the aliens in constructing such a system:

1. Neural Plasticity: The system must be capable of adapting its connections and functions based on experience, akin to synaptic plasticity in the human brain, allowing for learning and memory formation.

2. Modularity: Organize the system into modules or networks that specialize in different functions (e.g., vision, language, motor control), but ensure these modules can interact seamlessly to produce coherent behavior.

3. Parallel Processing: Design the system to process multiple streams of information simultaneously, enabling rapid responses to complex environments, much like the brain's parallel processing capabilities.

4. Energy Efficiency: The system should optimize for low energy consumption while maintaining high computational power, mirroring the brain's ability to perform complex computations with minimal energy.

5. Neurogenesis: Incorporate mechanisms for the creation of new processing units or the enhancement of existing ones in response to new information or tasks, inspired by the concept of neurogenesis in the human brain.

6. Excitatory and Inhibitory Balance: Ensure the system maintains a balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals, critical for stable yet flexible operation, preventing runaway activity or total inactivity.

7. Feedback Loops: Implement feedback mechanisms that allow the system to self-regulate and adapt to changing conditions, similar to the feedback loops found in neural circuits for homeostasis and learning.

8. Sensory Integration: The system should be able to integrate sensory information from multiple modalities (e.g., visual, auditory, tactile) to form a unified perception of the environment.

9. Error Correction: Design the system with the ability to detect and correct errors in its processing, a principle central to human learning and decision-making processes.

10. Spontaneous Activity: Include a mechanism for spontaneous activity that does not require external input, facilitating creativity, and problem-solving by generating internal models of the world.

These principles, drawn from current understanding of neuroscience, would provide a foundation for designing a system that approximates the complexity and functionality of the human brain. Each principle captures an essential aspect of neural function, from the structural and functional adaptability of the brain to its efficient, integrated, and self-regulating computational capabilities.

#NeuralPrinciples #Part2 #chatgpt

پاسخ Gemini - قسمت 1

Here are 10 principles that neuroscientists might suggest to the aliens to approximate the dynamics and function of the brain:

1. Distributed Processing: Information isn't stored in single locations but spread across interconnected networks of neurons. This allows for parallel processing, fault tolerance, and emergent properties.

2. Neuronal Diversity: Different types of neurons with distinct properties (excitatory, inhibitory) enable diverse computations and flexible information flow.

3. Hebbian Learning: Synaptic connections strengthen with use ("fire together, wire together"), allowing the network to learn and adapt to experience.

4. Competitive Learning: Neurons compete for limited resources, leading to the selection of strong signals and pruning of weak ones, enhancing signal processing and efficiency.

5. Homeostatic Regulation: The system maintains internal stability through feedback loops, adjusting activity levels and resource allocation to keep functioning within optimal ranges.

6. Noise and Stochasticity: Randomness plays a role in neural activity, contributing to exploration, flexibility, and preventing the system from getting stuck in local minima.

7. Hierarchical Organization: Information is processed at multiple scales, with higher levels integrating outputs from lower ones, enabling complex decision-making and flexible behavior.

8. Local vs. Global Connectivity: Neurons interact with nearby neighbors and distant regions, facilitating both specialized processing and long-range communication.

9. Plasticity and Remodeling: The system can change its structure and function over time, based on experience and learning, enabling adaptation and memory formation.

10. Dynamical Systems: The brain's behavior is best understood through the lens of complex, non-linear dynamics, where small changes can have large cascading effects, leading to emergent phenomena.

These are just a few possibilities, and different neuroscientists might prioritize different principles or propose alternative ones. It's important to remember that the brain is incredibly complex, and these principles represent simplified models that capture some aspects of its behavior, but not all.

Furthermore, the aliens' ability to build anything based on the instructions is a hypothetical scenario. In reality, translating these principles into a functional system would require overcoming significant engineering challenges and might not perfectly capture the intricacies of the biological brain.

#NeuralPrinciples #Part3 #gemini