For Nietzsche, humanity in his era was entering into a kind of crisis mode as it secularized. Humanity had always been okay with suffering, according to Nietzsche, as long as it was able to find meaning in the suffering. When the existence of God was generally unquestioned, this wasn't a difficult task, your suffering was part of a higher plan and would lead towards your place alongside God in heaven. However, as this sort of narrative became more questioned, people were having a harder and harder time dealing their suffering, and their life. What humanity could not stand was to be born, to suffer, and to die for no reason at all. Justifying our existence was the task that we had to take on after the "death of God", and it was a very difficult one. The thing precisely not to do was to take on the moralizing culture of those around you, which Nietzsche thought was a kind of "slave morality", which defined itself through weakness and contempt of the strong. This kind of morality was inherited from Christianity, and would only hold you back from any potential you had to find real meaning in life. While he thought most people were not strong enough to break out of the value system that they were born into, some individuals could do this through creativity and genuine expression of their selves. This is what he meant by "becoming who you are", and he saw this as the main task of life, and the only way to rescue yourself from nihilism.

Earlier that night:
"Is that really what you are wearing?"
"Yes, men love huge feather hats. They find them very attractive."
"Alright...whatever, let's just go."

Immanuel Kant was a very boring man.
He never married, and probably died a virgin. The townsfolk were said to set their watches by his daily walks, as they were taken at such precise times. He basically never left his home town. His biography pretty much consists of: "He wrote some philosophy. He didn't write much philosophy for a while. He read Hume, and that made him write more philosophy." According to wikipedia, John T. Goldthwait supposedly refuted the idea that Kant was so boring, in his introduction to Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime, with the following two facts:
1. While he never married, he had an active social life, including a friendship with Joseph Green, an English merchant.
2. It is a myth that he never traveled more than 16 kilometers from his hometown. He once traveled as far as 20 kilometers to tutor philosophy, and another time as far as 145 kilometers, again to tutor philosophy.
Now, and maybe this is just me, but if I arrive at the end of my life and a biographer is charged with defending me against accusations of being boring, I should hope that they can come up with something better than "once traveled a small distance to teach philosophy, and had one friend."
David Hume and Albert Camus, on the other hand, liked to party. The woman at the bar is Elizabeth of Behemia, who also never married. She is best known for her correspondences with Descartes, where she criticized his substance dualism.
If you are interested in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, Robert Wolff has a great lecture series on YouTube that he is putting out for free. He's also super old, and tells a lot of great old man stories, if that's your thing.

Although, to be fair, math is hard.

Hypatia of Alexandria was Greek mathematician, philosopher, and astronomer that lived and taught in Alexandria. She was accused of satanic sorcery by a Christian mob and murdered. This was partially because of her use of the astrolabe, an intricate device that was used by the Greeks to predict the path of the stars, tell the time, measure angles, and later on even measure latitude. It was probably the most advanced device in the ancient world, and in many ways the technological precursor to mechanical watches.
At the time of Hypatia's death, Alexandria was the intellectual center of the world, where philosophers and mathematicians gathered to teach and debate ideas from across the known world. Hypatia taught Platonic philosophy, Ptolemy's system of celestial movement, and the advanced mathematics of Euclid (her father was the one who brought Euclid's Elements to the city). She was known as a gifted teacher, and undoubtedly one of the greatest thinkers of the time. Her death was in many ways political, with the religious zealots trying to seize power and purge the more free thinking pagan philosophers. Some historians mark this as the turning point of the Alexandria as the hub of intellectualism, and the library was burned soon after (although this is controversial, to say the least, and probably not related). Most of Hypatia's original work was, as you might imagine, lost. After all, typically when you murder someone for heresy, you don't preserve their writings for future generations.
Note that many historians believe a political power struggle between Orestes, the governer, and Cyril the Bishop was the real reason she was killed. According to this account, it was her political affiliation more than her religion or philosophy that caused her downfall, the as the Christian followers of Cyril blamed her for turning Orestes against them (who was also a Christian). If it was her philosophy, it is a bit ironic that the tradition of Platonism, Ptolemy, and Mathematics (and even the astrolabe) was preserved in Europe primarily by the Christian intellectuals.

If a bear has ennui in the forest and there is no one around to tell, is it really in despair?

"You betrayed the proletariat cause!"
"No, YOU betrayed the proletariat cause!"
"You"
"You"
"Stop copying me!"
"Stop copying me."

The Hague Congress of 1872 was a congress of the International Workingmen's Association, held one year after the Paris Comune collapsed. Karl Marx wanted the proletariat to take control of the state apparatus next time, so the revolution could defend itself. Mikhail Bakunin accused Marx of authoritarianism, and the conflict drove a wedge between the Marxists and the Anarchists.