ADCS ESC4: Vulnerable Certificate Template Access Control
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ESC4 Active Directory Certificate Services Vulnerability is a high-risk vulnerability in Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS) that enables attackers to exploit misconfigured certificate template permissions (e.g., Write, GenericAll, WriteDACL).
📘 Overview of the ESC4 Attack
⚙️ ESC4 Attack Mechanism
🔑 Server Authentication EKU Structure
📋 Prerequisites
🧪 Lab Setup
🎯 Enumeration and Exploitation
🛠️ ESC4 Attack Using Certipy
🧠 Post Exploitation
🔁 Lateral Movement & Privilege Escalation Using Impacket-PsExec
💥 ESC4 Attack Using Metasploit
🛡️ Mitigation
✴ Twitter: https://x.com/hackinarticles
ESC4 Active Directory Certificate Services Vulnerability is a high-risk vulnerability in Active Directory Certificate Services (ADCS) that enables attackers to exploit misconfigured certificate template permissions (e.g., Write, GenericAll, WriteDACL).
📘 Overview of the ESC4 Attack
⚙️ ESC4 Attack Mechanism
🔑 Server Authentication EKU Structure
📋 Prerequisites
🧪 Lab Setup
🎯 Enumeration and Exploitation
🛠️ ESC4 Attack Using Certipy
🧠 Post Exploitation
🔁 Lateral Movement & Privilege Escalation Using Impacket-PsExec
💥 ESC4 Attack Using Metasploit
🛡️ Mitigation
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🛡️ Client-Side Attacks
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🧬 Password Attacks
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🏰 Active Directory Attacks
💣 Exploiting Public Exploits
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Join IGNITE TECHNOLOGIES’ exclusive "Capture the Flag" Training Program and enhance your skills with the following modules:
🧠 Introduction
🌐 Information Gathering
🧱 Vulnerability Scanning
🔓 Windows Privilege Escalation
🐧 Linux Privilege Escalation
🛡️ Client-Side Attacks
🌐 Web Application Attacks
🧬 Password Attacks
🧠 Tunneling & Pivoting
🏰 Active Directory Attacks
💣 Exploiting Public Exploits
📋 Report Writing
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AWS S3 Security Risks Explained Through Simple Scenarios
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Understand AWS S3 security risks and defenses with these bite-sized analogies:
☢ Publicly Exposed Bucket
Scenario: Bank vault left open → Anyone can walk in and take cash.
Risk: Misconfigured S3 buckets expose sensitive data globally.
Defense: Enable S3 Block Public Access at the account level.
☢ Leaked Credentials
Scenario: Master key copied → Thieves unlock every door.
Risk: Hardcoded AWS keys in code/GitHub grant attackers full access.
Defense: Use IAM roles (not keys) and scan repos with git-secrets.
☢ Malicious Uploads
Scenario: Poisoned food delivered → Kitchen infected.
Risk: Attackers upload webshells/malware via unvalidated file uploads.
Defense: Enforce server-side file validation and scan uploads with GuardDuty Malware Protection.
☢ Unencrypted Data
Scenario: Secret letters sent in clear text → Intercepted easily.
Risk: Data breaches if buckets lack SSE-KMS encryption.
Defense: Enable default bucket encryption and enforce HTTPS via bucket policies.
☢ No Logging
Scenario: Burglary with no cameras → No evidence.
Risk: Attacks go undetected without S3 Server Access Logs and CloudTrail.
Defense: Log all API calls and analyze with GuardDuty.
Key Defensive Actions
Least Privilege: Restrict IAM policies to specific buckets/actions.
Automate Audits: Use AWS Config rules to flag misconfigurations.
Monitor: Set up EventBridge alerts for suspicious activity (e.g., .php uploads).
Lock Down: Use S3 Object Lock (WORM) for immutable backups.
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Understand AWS S3 security risks and defenses with these bite-sized analogies:
☢ Publicly Exposed Bucket
Scenario: Bank vault left open → Anyone can walk in and take cash.
Risk: Misconfigured S3 buckets expose sensitive data globally.
Defense: Enable S3 Block Public Access at the account level.
☢ Leaked Credentials
Scenario: Master key copied → Thieves unlock every door.
Risk: Hardcoded AWS keys in code/GitHub grant attackers full access.
Defense: Use IAM roles (not keys) and scan repos with git-secrets.
☢ Malicious Uploads
Scenario: Poisoned food delivered → Kitchen infected.
Risk: Attackers upload webshells/malware via unvalidated file uploads.
Defense: Enforce server-side file validation and scan uploads with GuardDuty Malware Protection.
☢ Unencrypted Data
Scenario: Secret letters sent in clear text → Intercepted easily.
Risk: Data breaches if buckets lack SSE-KMS encryption.
Defense: Enable default bucket encryption and enforce HTTPS via bucket policies.
☢ No Logging
Scenario: Burglary with no cameras → No evidence.
Risk: Attacks go undetected without S3 Server Access Logs and CloudTrail.
Defense: Log all API calls and analyze with GuardDuty.
Key Defensive Actions
Least Privilege: Restrict IAM policies to specific buckets/actions.
Automate Audits: Use AWS Config rules to flag misconfigurations.
Monitor: Set up EventBridge alerts for suspicious activity (e.g., .php uploads).
Lock Down: Use S3 Object Lock (WORM) for immutable backups.
❤2
Windows Persistence: Port Monitors
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The article “Windows Persistence using Port Monitors” explores a lesser-known but effective technique for maintaining unauthorized access on a compromised Windows system.
#infosec #cybersecurity #cybersecuritytips #microsoft #redteam #informationsecurity #CyberSec #ai #offensivesecurity #infosecurity #cyberattacks #security #oscp #cybersecurityawareness #bugbounty #bugbountytips
🔥 Telegram: https://news.1rj.ru/str/hackinarticles
The article “Windows Persistence using Port Monitors” explores a lesser-known but effective technique for maintaining unauthorized access on a compromised Windows system.
#infosec #cybersecurity #cybersecuritytips #microsoft #redteam #informationsecurity #CyberSec #ai #offensivesecurity #infosecurity #cyberattacks #security #oscp #cybersecurityawareness #bugbounty #bugbountytips
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🌐 Basic of Networks
🔍 Recon - Footprinting
📡 Recon - Network Scanning
📜 Recon - Enumeration
💻 System Hacking
🔗 Post Exploitation & Persistence
🖥️ Webservers Penetration Testing
🌍 Website Hacking
🦠 Malware Threats
📶 Wireless Networks Hacking
🔐 Cryptography & Steganography
🕵️ Sniffing Attack
🚫 Denial of Service
🛡️ Evading IDS, Firewalls & Honey Pots
🎭 Social Engineering
📱 Hacking Mobile Platforms
🔗 Register here: https://forms.gle/bowpX9TGEs41GDG99
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📧 Email: info@ignitetechnologies.in
Join Ignite Technologies ETHICAL HACKING PROACTIVE TRAINING live sessions with core practicals at Lowest Price.
BOOK YOUR DEMO NOW ………….
📘 M1-Introduction
🏫 OLD School Learning
🌐 Basic of Networks
🔍 Recon - Footprinting
📡 Recon - Network Scanning
📜 Recon - Enumeration
💻 System Hacking
🔗 Post Exploitation & Persistence
🖥️ Webservers Penetration Testing
🌍 Website Hacking
🦠 Malware Threats
📶 Wireless Networks Hacking
🔐 Cryptography & Steganography
🕵️ Sniffing Attack
🚫 Denial of Service
🛡️ Evading IDS, Firewalls & Honey Pots
🎭 Social Engineering
📱 Hacking Mobile Platforms