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The Explanation of the Ḥadīth: “There are three affairs that are serious, whether you say them seriously or jokingly, they are serious”
شرح حديث: (ثلاث جدهن جد وهزلهن جد)

The author (ie: Abū Dāwūd) may Allah have mercy on him then recorded in the chapter: “Chapter: Regarding A Divorce That Was Said In Jest”
قال المصنف رحمه الله تعالى: [باب في الطلاق على الهزل.

On the authority of Abū Hurayrah; the Messenger ﷺ said: “There are three affairs that are serious, whether you say them seriously or jokingly, they are serious: marriage, divorce and taking back your (divorced) wife.”
حدثنا القعنبي حدثنا عبد العزيز -يعني: ابن محمد - عن عبد الرحمن بن حبيب عن عطاء بن أبي رباح عن ابن ماهك عن أبي هريرة أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم قال: (ثلاث جدهن جد، وهزلهن جد: النكاح والطلاق والرجعة)].

His wording “Chapter: Regarding A Divorce That Was Said In Jest” meaning that a person divorces his wife then says that he was only joking and was not serious when he divorced her, or says I only wanted to joke around and so on. This is not considered to be joking, because these three issues are serous whether saying them seriously or jokingly. So she would be divorced. If this were not the case, everyone who divorced his wife would say that he was only joking.
قوله: [باب في الطلاق على الهزل] يعني: كون الإنسان يطلق ثم يقول: إنه هازل يضحك، وإنه ليس جاداً في طلاقه، أو يقول: إنما أردت أن أمزح، وما إلى ذلك، فلا يعتبر مزاحه؛ لأن هذه الثلاث جدهن جد، وهزلهن جد، فيعتبر ويقع الطلاق، ولو كان لا يقع لأمكن كل أحد قد طلق زوجته أن يقول: أنا كنتُ أمزح،

But the clear statement of divorce, if it is uttered then it is considered to be a divorce. If he says that he was only joking, well indeed his joke about this matter is serious.
ولكن هذا اللفظ الذي هو صريح الطلاق إذا أتى به فإنه يعتبر معناه، ولو قال: إنه هازل؛ فإن هزله جده.

His statement: “There are three affairs that are serious, whether you say them seriously or jokingly, they are serious…” So whether a person intends them and is serious or says them jokingly, indeed they are serious and are implemented. So it is not befitting to be careless and negligent in the likes of these matters and joke about them.
قوله: [(ثلاث جدهن جد وهزلهن جد)] فسواء كان الإنسان يقصدهن ويكون متعمداً جاداً، أو يقولها هازلاً مازحاً أو ما إلى ذلك، فإنها تكون جداً ويعتبر مقتضاها، فلا يصلح التساهل والتهاون بهذا بهزل ومزح وما إلى ذلك.

His statement: “Marriage, divorce and taking back your (divorced) wife.” Some of the scholars added the freeing of a slave, but there are not any authentic aḥadīth concerning it.
قوله: [(النكاح والطلاق والرجعة)] وبعض العلماء يلحق العتق بهذه الثلاث، ولا يصح في ذلك حديث،

In ʿAwn al-Maʿbūd it states: “Abū Bakr al-Maʿārifī stated: there is a narration with the addition of the freeing of a slave but there are no authentic aḥadīth concerning [all of] them.”
قال في عون المعبود: (قال أبو بكر المعافري: روي فيه: (والعتق)، ولم يصح شيء منه، فإن كان أراد ليس منه شيء على شرط الصحيح فلا كلام،

If what he intended was that there are no authentic aḥadīth with the conditions of an authentic ḥadīth, then there is no issue here, but if he intended that the ḥadīth is inauthentic then this statement is not fully correct, for indeed it is Ḥasan as was declared by al-Tirmiḏī as well as al-Albānī who mentioned its supporting narrations.
وإن أراد أنه ضعيف ففيه نظر، فإنه يحسَّن كما قال الترمذي)، أي: أن الترمذي قال عن هذا الحديث: حديث حسن غريب، وحسنه الألباني بشواهد ذكرها.

ʿAbd al-Muḥsin al-ʿAbbād, Sharḥ Abī Dāwūd 251/29
عبد المحسن العباد، شرح سنن أبي داود ٢٥١/٢٩
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/37052

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The believer feels guilt over his sins, and persistent worries cause him to get rid of them through tawbah and istiġfār (ie: seeking forgiveness),
فالمؤمن تهمه خطاياه وتلحقه الهموم حتى يتخلص منها بتوبة واستغفار،

Or offering significant deeds assist him in erasing the effects of such sins.
أو حسنات جليلة تمحو آثار هذه السيئة

Muḥammad b. Ṣāliḥ al-ʿUthaymīn, Tafsīr Juzʿ ʿAmma 1/246
ابن عثيمين، تفسير جزء عم ١/٢٤٦
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/21808

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Abū Dāwūd said: I looked at the narrated aḥadīth, and I found them to be (approximately) four thousand in number.
وَعَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، قَالَ نَظَرْتُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْمُسْنَدِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافِ حَدِيثٍ،

Then I further examined them and found that these four thousand revolve around four aḥadīth:
ثُمَّ نَظَرْتُ، فَإِذَا مَدَارُ أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ حَدِيثٍ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَحَادِيثَ:

al-Nuʿman b. Bashīr’s ḥadīth: “What is ḥalāl (ie: permissible) is clear and what is ḥarām (ie: forbidden) is clear.”
حَدِيثُ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ: «الْحَلَّالُ بَيِّنٌ وَالْحَرَامُ بَيِّنٌ،»

ʿUmar’s ḥadīth: “Indeed actions are only based on intentions.”
وَحَدِيثُ عُمَرَ: «إِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالنِّيَّاتِ»،

Abū Hurayrah’s ḥadīth: “Indeed Allah is good and does not accept anything except good, and Allah ordered the believers with the same things he ordered the messengers.”
وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ طَيِّبٌ لَا يَقْبَلُ إِلَّا طَيِّبًا، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِمَا أَمَرَ بِهِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ» الْحَدِيثَ،

And (Abū Hurayrah’s ḥadīth): “From the proficiency of a person’s Islām, is to leave off what does not concern him.”
وَحَدِيثُ: «مِنْ حُسْنِ إِسْلَامِ الْمَرْءِ تَرْكُهُ مَا لَا يَعْنِيهِ.»

He (Abū Dāwūd) said: “Each of these four ḥadīth is a quarter of knowledge.”
قَالَ: فَكُلُّ حَدِيثٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ رُبُعُ الْعِلْمِ.

Ibn Rajab, Jāmiʿ al-ʿUlūm wa ʾl-Ḥikam 1/62
ابن رجب، جامع العلوم والحكم ١/٦٢
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/4268

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The Ruling on Giving the Salām by Hand
حكم السلام بالإشارة باليد

Question: What is the ruling regarding giving the Salām with your hand (only)?
سؤال: ما حكم السلام بالإشارة باليد؟

Answer: It is not permissible to give Salām by indicating with your hand (only). The Sunnah is to speak it when giving it and replying to it. Giving the Salām by indicating with your hands is not permissible because it is an imitation of some disbelievers, and is not in accordance to what Allah legislated. However, there is no problem if one indicates with their hand, while (also) speaking it, to a person who is far away to show that they are giving Salām, because narrations support this. Likewise, if the person being greeted is praying, they respond by indicating with the hand (only), as was authentically reported in the Sunnah about the Prophet ﷺ.
الجواب: لا يجوز السلام بالإشارة، وإنما السنة السلام بالكلام بدءا وردا. أما السلام بالإشارة فلا يجوز؛ لأنه تشبه ببعض الكفرة في ذلك؛ ولأنه خلاف ما شرعه الله، لكن لو أشار بيده إلى المسلم عليه ليفهمه السلام لبعده مع تكلمه بالسلام فلا حرج في ذلك؛ لأنه قد ورد ما يدل عليه، وهكذا لو كان المسلم عليه مشغولا بالصلاة فإنه يرد بالإشارة، كما صحت بذلك السنة عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم.

ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd Allah b. Bāz, Majmūʿ al-Fatāwá 6/352
عبد العزيز ابن باز، مجموع فتاوى ٦/٣٥٢
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/21537

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ʿUbayd Allah b. ʿAbd Allah said: “Goodness was not known from ʿUmar or Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them both) until they spoke or acted (ie: how well they used to hide their good deeds).”

حَدَّثَنِي خَالِدُ بْنُ خِدَاشٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: كَانَ لَا يُعْرَفُ الْبِرُّ فِي عُمَرَ وَلَا ابْنِ عُمَرَ حَتَّى يَقُولَا أَوْ يَعْمَلَا،

Ibn Abī ʾl-Dunyā, al-Ikhlāṣ wa ʾl-Niyyah 1/62 #38
ابن أبي الدنيا، الإخلاص ١/٦٢ #٣٨
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/6225

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And Ayyūb (al-Sakhtiyānī) said: “A person will not know the mistake of his teacher until he hears al-ikhtilāf (ie: the differences of opinion from elsewhere).”

وقال أَيّوب رحمه الله: لا يَعرِف الرجلُ خطأَ مُعلِّمه حتّى يعرِفَ الاختلاف. [عيون الأخبار 2/526].

Aḥmad al-Ṭayyār, Ḥayāh al-Salaf 1/84
أحمد الطيار، حياة السلف ١/٨٤
https://shamela.ws/book/17505/81

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Al-Bayhaqī narrated (4/44) with an authentic chain of narration from Ibn ʿUmar that he (may Allah be pleased with him) used to raise his hands with every takbīr of the Janāzah prayer.
روى البيهقي (4/44) بسند صحيح عن ابن عمر أنه كان يرفع يديه على كل تكبيرة من تكبيرات الجنازة.

So whoever thinks that he would not do that except due to it being established from the Prophet ﷺ, then he may raise his hands.
فمن كان يظن أنه لا يفعل ذلك إلا بتوقيف من النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، فله أن يرفع

Muḥammad Nāṣir ʾl-Dīn al-Albānī, Aḥkām al-Janāʾiz 1/117
محمد ناصر الدين الألباني، أحكام الجنائز ١/١١٧
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/854

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Hishām b. ʿUrwah reported from his father that ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb said: “Do not force your girls to marry ugly men, because they also love (beauty) like you love (beauty).”

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ قَالَ: نا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ: «لَا تُكْرِهُوا فَتَيَاتِكُمْ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ الْقَبِيحِ، فَإِنَّهُنَّ يُحْبِبْنَ مَا تُحِبُّونَ»

Saʿīd b. Manṣūr, Sunan 1/244 #811
سعيد بن منصور، سنن ١/٢٤٤ #٨١١
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/13122

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وكان أصلع أعسر يسر طوالا آدم شديد الادمة هكذا وصفه جماعة

ابن حجر العسقلاني، تهذيب التهذيب ٧/٤٣٩
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/3310

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The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: The duʿāʾ (ie: supplication) of (the one in) distress is: “O Allah, I hope for Your Mercy. Do not leave me to myself even for the blinking of an eye (ie: a moment). Rectify all of my affairs for me. There is none worthy of worship but You.”

أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ أَخْزَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْجَلِيلِ بْنُ عَطِيَّةَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مَيْمُونٍ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ: «دَعَوَاتُ الْمَكْرُوبِ: اللَّهُمَّ رَحْمَتَكَ أَرْجُو، فَلَا تَكِلْنِي إِلَى نَفْسِي طَرْفَةَ عَيْنٍ، وَأَصْلِحْ لِي شَأْنِي كُلَّهُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ»

Al-Albānī: Ḥasan.

[تعليق الألباني] حسن - «تمام المنة» (232)، «تخريج الكلم» (121)، «التعليق الرغيب» (3/42).

Ibn Ḥibbān, Ṣaḥīḥ (Mukhrajjah) 3/250 #970
ابن حبان، صحيح ٣/٢٥٠ #٩٧٠
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/1734

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Nuʿaym b. Ḥammād reported that ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Mahdī was asked: “How do you know the Ṣaḥīḥ aḥadīth from the faulty ones?”
وقال نُعَيم بن حمَّاد: قلت لعبد الرحمن بن مَهْدي: كيف تَعْرِفُ صحيحَ الحديثِ مِنْ خطئه؟

He replied, “Just as al-ṭabīb (ie: the doctor) recognises the symptoms of al-majnūn (ie: a crazed lunatic).”
قال: «كما يَعْرِفُ الطبيبُ المجنونَ».

Ibn Abī Ḥātim, ʿIlal al-Ḥadīth 1/19
ابن أبي حاتم، علل الحديث ١/١٩
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/1350

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Abū Ṭālib reported that a man asked Abū ʿAbd Allah (ie: Imām Aḥmad): “How do I soften and subdue my heart?”
أَخْبَرَنَا زكريا بن يَحْيَى الساجي حَدَّثَنَا أبو طالب أن أبا عبد اللَّه قَالَ له رجل كيف يرق قلبي

He replied: “Visit the graveyard, and run your hand over head of an orphan.”
قَالَ أدخل المقبرة وامسح رأس اليتيم.

Ibn Abī Yaʿlá, Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanābilah 1/39
ابن أبي يعلى، طبقات الحنابلة ١/٣٩
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/9543

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Abū al-Bakhtarī said: A man entered the masjid (of Kūfa) and said: ”Judgement is for no one except Allah.“
يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ حَسِيلِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ حُذَيْفَةَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا حَبِيبُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَبْسِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ، قَالَ: دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ الْمَسْجِدَ فَقَالَ: لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ

Then another man said- ”There is no judgement except for Allah.“
ثُمَّ قَالَ آخَرُ: لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ،

So ʿAlī (b. Abī Ṭālib may Allah be pleased with him) said: ”Judgement is for no one except Allah and verily the promise of Allah is true and do not let those who have no yaqīn (ie: certainty) disquiet and discourage you. Do you not understand what they are saying? They are saying that there is no governance and leadership. O people, your affairs will not be orderly except with a leader whether he is righteous or fājir (ie: immoral).“
فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ وَلَا يَسْتَخِفَّنَّكَ الَّذِينَ لَا يُوقِنُونَ فَمَا تَدْرُونَ مَا يَقُولُ هَؤُلَاءِ؟ يَقُولُونَ: لَا إِمَارَةَ، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّهُ لَا يُصْلِحُكُمْ إِلَّا أَمِيرٌ بَرٌّ أَوْ فَاجِرٌ،

They said: ”We recognize the righteous (leader) but what about the unrighteous (leader)?"
قَالُوا: هَذَا الْبَرُّ قَدْ عَرَفْنَاهُ، فَمَا بَالُ الْفَاجِرِ؟

He said: “A believer (when there is a leader) is able to perform good and the immoral person is given respite until Allah's appointed decree is reached and the roads are kept safe and your markets kept operative and your enemy is fought and your spoils of war divided and the right of the weak is not exploited by the strong.”
فَقَالَ: يَعْمَلُ الْمُؤْمِنُ وَيُمْلِي لِلْفَاجِرِ، وَيُبَلِّغُ اللَّهُ الْأَجَلَ، وَتَأْمَنُ سُبُلُكُمْ، وَتَقُومُ أَسْوَاقُكُمْ، وَيُقَسَّمُ فَيْؤُكُمْ وَيُجَاهَدُ عَدُوُّكُمْ وَيُؤْخَذُ الضَّعِيفُ مِنَ الْقَوِيِّ أَوْ قَالَ: مِنَ الشَّدِيدِ مِنْكُمْ.

Ibn Abī Shaybah, al-Muṣannaf 7/562 #37931
إبن أبي شيبة، مصنف ٧/٥٦٢ #٣٧٩٣١
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/9944

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Ahl al-bidaʿ (ie: the people of innovation) are numerous, and while they may boast about their numbers, Allah said: {Were you to obey most people, they would misguide you} [6:116]

ما أكثر أهل البدع، وهم يتباهون بهذه الكثرة مع الأسف الشديد، والله تعالى يقول : ( إن تطع أكثر من في الأرض يضلوك عن سبيل الله) (الأنعام : 116)

Rabīʿ b. Hādī al-Madkhalī, Marḥaban Yā Ṭālib al-ʿIlm 1/457
ربيع بن هادي المدخلي، مرحبا يا طالب العلم ١/٤٥٧
https://archive.org/details/Rabee_al-madkhali_marhaban__taalib_alilm/page/n458

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Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet ﷺ said: “The most beloved meal in the sight of Allah is the one shared by many hands.”

«أحب الطعام إلى الله ما كثرت عليه الأيدي» .

(حسن) ... [ع1 حب هب الضياء] عن جابر. الصحيحة 895.

Muḥammad Nāṣir ʾl-Dīn al-Albānī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Jāmiʿ al-Ṣaġīr 1/96 #171
محمد ناصر الدين الألباني، صحيح الجامع الصغير وزيادته ١/٩٦ #١٧١
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/10757

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And I quoted it exactly as it is, referencing it to the initial writer,
فأوردتها بنصهّا معزوّة إلى قائلها،

Because from the barakah (ie: blessing) of ʿilm (ie: knowledge) is to attribute statements to those who initially made them,
لأن بركة العلم عزو الأقوال إلى قائلها،

And that is in line with carrying out the trust (of conveying knowledge) and avoiding al-khiyānah (ie: deception),
ولأن ذلك من أداء الأمانة، وتجنب الخيانة،

And one of the greatest causes of benefiting from written works, not like a thief.
ومن أكبر أسباب الانتفاع بالتصنيف، لا كالسارق

Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī, ʿUqūd ʿl-Zabarjad ʿalá Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad 1/71
السيوطي، عقود الزبرجد على مسند الإمام أحمد ١/٧١
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/14299

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There is not a person who takes care of three girls, and is good to them, except that they would be a barrier between him and the Fire.
ما من إنسان يكفل ثلاث بنات يحسن إليهن إلا كن حجابا له من النار

He was asked: “And two daughters, O Messenger of Allah?”
قالوا وابنتين يا رسول الله

He responded: “Or two.”
قال وابنتين

He was asked: “Or one?”
قالوا وواحدة

He responded: “Or one.”
قال وواحدة

When Imām Aḥmad, may Allah have mercy upon him, was told that he was blessed with a daughter he said: “Prophets had daughters! Prophets had daughters! Prophets, may peace and blessings be upon them, had daughters! This is the best of prophets, Muḥammad ﷺ and he had four daughters and three sons.”
وكان الإمام أحمد رحمه الله إذا قيل له ولد لك بنت قال ولدت الإناث للأنبياء ولدت الإناث للأنبياء الأنبياء عليهم الصلاة والسلام يولد لهم بنات فهذا أشرف الأنبياء محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم له أربع بنات وله ثلاثة أولاد

Muḥammad b. Ṣāliḥ al-ʿUthaymīn, Sharḥ Riyaḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn 6/554
ابن عثيمين، شرح رياض الصالحين ٦/٥٥٤
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/9260

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Al-Ṭāʿifah al-Manṣūrah (ie: the victorious group) is al-Firqah al-Nājiyah (ie: the saved sect), the two of them are one.
الطائفة المنصورة هي الفرقة الناجية، هما واحدة،

They are Ahl al-Sunnah wa ʿl-Jamāʿah, and they are the Salafiyūn.
هم أهل السنة والجماعة، وهم السلفيون

Ṣāliḥ b. Fawzān al-Fawzān, al-Ajwibah al-Mufīdah ʿan Asʾilah al-Manāhij al-Jadīdah 1/70
صالح الفوزان، الأجوبة المفيدة عن أسئلة المناهج الجديدة ١/٧٠
https://shamela.ws/rep.php/book/1685

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It is not permissible to sell al-khamr (ie: intoxicants and alcohol), whether to a muʿmin (ie: believer) or a kāfir (ie: disbeliever).
مَسْأَلَةٌ: وَلَا يَحِلُّ بَيْعُ الْخَمْرِ، لَا لِمُؤْمِنٍ، وَلَا لِكَافِرٍ،

And likewise selling al-khanāzīr (ie: pork).
وَلَا بَيْعُ الْخَنَازِيرِ كَذَلِكَ

Ibn Ḥazm, al-Muḥallá bi ʾl-Āthār 7/490 #1513
ابن حزم، المحلى بالآثار ٧/٤٩٠ #١٥١٣
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/767

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For the Messenger ﷺ said in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī: “Indeed actions are judged by their ending.”
لِقَوْلِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ: (وَإِنَّمَا الْأَعْمَالُ بِالْخَوَاتِيمِ).

And it was said: Iblīs worshipped Allah for 80,000 years.
وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ إِبْلِيسَ عَبَدَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى ثَمَانِينَ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ

Al-Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʿ li Aḥkām al-Qurʾān 1/297
القرطبي، تفسير القرطبي ١/٢٩٧
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/20855

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[ie: when a secret reaches the ears of the pious, it dies (does not spread further)]

فقلوب الأبرار قبور الأسرار
عبد الرؤوف المناوي، فيض القدير ٦/٤١٠
https://shamela.ws/index.php/book/21660

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